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1、INTRODUCTION TO TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY 非开挖技术的介绍,By Samuel T. Ariaratnam, Ph.D., P.E.Arizona State University, USA,Traditional Methods 传统的方法,First suited for “gre enfield” 适用于未发展区域Low tech little change over past 50 yrs. 技术含量低，近50年没有多大改进Level of planning & implementation basic 对计划与实施手段的要求低“Non-greenfi
2、eld” surface disruptions, underground utilities 在市区施工， 对地面上的物景产生损坏，对地下的管网产生威胁,Trenchless Technologies 无开挖技术,Thrust Boring & Pipe Jacking (pre-1900s) 顶管法Auger Boring (1940) 螺旋钻进法Impact Moling (1962) 冲击矛法Directional Drilling (1971) 水平定向钻进法Impact Ramming (1980) 夯管法Pipe Bursting (1980s) 爆(裂)管法,Definitio
3、n ofTrenchless Technologies 无开挖技术的定义,“A family of methods, materials, and equipment capable of being used for the installation of new or replacement or rehabilitation of existing underground infrastructure with minimal disruption to surface traffic, business, and other activities.” 无开挖技术就是采用各种方法， 材料
4、，设备来铺设，更换或修复地下公用设施而能做到最小限度地扰民碍市- North American Society for Trenchless Technology 北美无开挖技术协会,Why Trenchless? 为什么要无开挖？,Minimal disruption of traffic 最小的交通干扰 Year round construction 全年可以施工 Improved safety 安全性改善 Reduced landscape damage 减少对周围物景的损坏 Minimal disturbance to local business 对周围的商业环境影响少 Improv
5、ed construction productivity 改善施工的效率 Can access otherwise inaccessible areas 在难以进入的区域也可施工,Costs of Open Cut Pipe Replacement 开沟更换管道的成本,Pavement saw-cutting 开凿路面Excavation 挖沟Trucking spoil and dump fees 运土费和倒土费用Backfill and transport 回填和运输费用Compaction 压实Concrete or asphalt 重铺水泥和沥青 Traffic control交通管制
6、,New Construction Techniques 新技术,Pipe Bursting 爆(裂)管法,Microtunneling 微型隧道法,Auger Boring螺旋钻进法,Pipe Jacking 顶管法,H.D.D.水平定向钻进法,Horizontal Directional Drilling 水平定向钻进法,Lengths of 15 - 1800 m 施工长度：151800米Diameters of 25 - 1200 mm 管径251200毫米Applications: 应用utility conduits 市政工程Pipelines 管道设施gravity sewers
7、 下水管道force mains 压力管道horizontal remediation wells 治理污染的水平管群geotechnical investigations地质调查,HDD Process 水平定向钻进过程,HDD Process 水平钻进定进过程,Pipe Bursting 爆(裂)管法,Lengths of 100 - 900 m 施工长度：100900米Diameters of 75 - 1060 mm 管道直径：701060毫米Applications: 应用replacement of force mains 压力管的更换replacement of gravity
8、sewers 下水道的更换,Static Head 固定式裂管头,Pneumatic Head 气动式裂管头,Hydraulic Head 液压式裂管头,Pipe Bursting Process(Static) 爆管法的过程 （ 固定裂管工艺),Pipe Bursting Process(Static Cont.) 爆管法的过程 （固定裂管工艺) 续,Pipe Bursting Process(Pneumatic) 爆管法的过程 （气动工法),Microtunneling 微型隧道法,Lengths of 25 - 225 m 施工长度：25225米Diameters of 250 - 30
9、50 mm 管径：2503050毫米Applications: 应用gravity sewer installations 下水管道的安装,Microtunneling Process 微型隧道法施工过程,Pipe Jacking 顶管法,Lengths of up to 490 m have been achieved 施工长度可达490米Diameters of 1060 - 3050 mm 管径介于10603050毫米Applications: 应用large diameter gravity sewers and force mains 大型下水管道和压力管道,Pipe Jacking
10、 Process 顶管法施工过程,Auger Boring 螺旋横钻孔机,Lengths of 12 - 150 m 施工长度：12150米Diameters of 200 - 1500 mm 管径：2001500毫米Applications: 应用relatively short crossings of pipes and conduits 短距离的管道施工,Rehabilitation Techniques 管道修复技术,Robotic Spot Repair 机器人现场修复,Pipe Scanning & Eval.管道扫描和评估,Lining of Pipe 内衬法,Lining o
11、f Pipe 内衬法,Lengths of up to 1000 m 施工长度可达1000米Diameters of 100 - 1500 mm 管径介于1001500毫米Cost varies by method 成本因方法而异Applications: 应用relining of water, sewer, and natural gas lines 供水管，下水管和天然气管道的内衬,Lining of Pipe 内衬法,Cured-In-Place 软衬法,Fold and Form 折叠内衬法,Segmental Sliplining 分段插管法,CIPP Lining of Pipe
12、 软衬法,Robotic Spot Repair 机器人现场修复(Internal/External Grouting) 内部/外部注浆,Applications: 应用 - Repair of sewer/water/product lines where “localized” structural enhancement is required 修复位于地层局部结构复杂的下水管，供水管和其它管道,Pipe Scanning & Evaluation 管道扫描和评估,Methods include: 方法有：Closed-circuit television (CCTV) 闭路电视Rada
13、r 雷达Sonar 声纳Eddy currents 涡流Applications: 应用inspection of infrastructure systems to gain a “snap-shot” of pipe condition 检查基础管道设施的状况,Sewer Scanning & Evaluation Technology (SSET) 下水管道扫描和评估技术,TWO CASE HISTORIES 两个例子,Pipe Bursting 爆管法Horizontal Directional Drilling 水平定向钻进法,Pipe Bursting of the Millsto
14、ne Sanitary Trunk Sewer 爆管法的里程碑,Alternatives 方案比较,Parallel the existing gravity trunk sewer with a new gravity trunk sewer 将新下水管与旧下水管平行安放Construct a series of 5 new pumping stations and pump to adjacent sewerage area 需要设置5个新泵站，把污水泵送到邻近排污系统,Parallel Trunk Sewer 平行管道方案,Advantages 优点Maintains gravity f
15、low 维持重力流动Disadvantages 缺点Construction in silty sand to clayey material 3 to 6 metres deep with high groundwater in close proximity to Millstone River, a highly sensitive Coho salmon habitat stream. 在3-6米的粘沙土层施工难度大；地下水位高；会影响三文鱼栖息地的生态Additional right-of-way would be required 需要额外的管位Cost Estimated at
16、$5.1 million 成本估算约5.1百万美元,Pumped Option 泵站方案,Advantages 优点Minimizes environmental impacts as pump stations and forcemains for the most part would be constructed in existing right-of-ways. 对环境扰动小Disadvantages 缺点Added undesirable long term operational costs to the City of Nanaimo 给这个城市增加了一些额外的长期营运成本Co
17、st Estimated at $5.2 million 成本估算约5.2百万美元,Pipe Bursting Researched as a Possible Alternative 爆管法作为可能的另一选择,Advantages 优点Less environmental impact as excavation is minimized 由于极少动土， 对环境影响小Gravity flow maintained 保持重力流动No additional right-of-ways required无需额外的管位No long term operational and maintenance
18、costs associated with pump stations 无需象泵站方案那样需要长期的营运和维护成本More cost effective than alternatives 最经济的工法,Disadvantages 缺点,Upsize required at the upper limit of PB technology in North America; however, there had been limited success 扩径要求已达北美的爆管的上限；但也有一些成功的实例Lengths 100m to 175m 长度为100米 至175米Limited avai
19、lability of contractors in North America with capability to perform upsize of this nature 能做这样的扩径工程的承包商有限,Project Approach 项目过程,Pre-qualification of contractors throughout North America 对北美的工程商进行资格审核Contract Undertaken In Two Stages 合同分两步Demonstration section consisting of 570m length 570米的演示工程Remai
20、ning 3350m would be awarded upon successful completion of demonstration section 剩余的3350米将授与演示成功者Contract awarded to Terraco Excavating Ltd. for $3.9 million 合同授与T.E.公司。工价3.9百万美元Research undertaken with NRC-IRAP and the University of Alberta 研究工作由 NRC-IRAP and the University of Alberta 承担,Demonstrati
21、on Section 演示部分,Ability to burst project lengths (100m to 175m) 能施工100 至175 米的长度Ability to burst pipe couplings 能裂管接头Ability to burst concrete encasement 能裂混凝土包封Although some difficulties encountered, remaining project was subsequently awarded 尽管遇到一些困难，项目最后获得通过。,350mm(14”),750mm(30”),650mm(26”),AWAR
22、DED FORTHE MOST NOTABLETECHNICAL ADVANCEOR ACHIEVEMENT INTRENCHLESSTECHNOLOGY,THE CITY OF NANAIMO“PIPE BURSTING OF THE MILLSTONESANITARY SEWER TRUNK”Bill Sims, Project ManagerJack Lee, Dayton & Knight LtdTerry Peters, Terraco Trenchless Technologies Ltd,INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY,NO DIG 99 AWARD,LEVEL 3 FIBER OPTICS 定向钻在美国信息高速网路上的应用,QUESTIONS? 有问题吗？,
