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1、,BR_main,Warm-upExercises,BackgroundInformation,B R _ Warm-up Exercises _ list,Warm-up Exercises,Journey on the Paper,Brainstorming,Clone,B R _ Clone _ list,Clone,News,Discussion,Ads Designing,B R _ Background Information _ list,Background Information,Stephen Hawking,Albert Einstein,Frankenstein,B R
2、 _ Stephen _ list,Stephen Hawking,Brief Introduction to Stephen Hawking,Chronology of Stephen Hawking,Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking,B R _ Albert Einstein_ list,Albert Einstein (18791955),Monologue of Einstein,Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity,Albert Einsteins General Theory of Rel
3、ativity,B R _ Frankenstein _ list,Frankenstein,A General Introduction,A Clip in the Novel Frankenstein,B R _ Journey on the Paper 1,Now lets go on a journey through the most spectacular 100 years in the history of science and technology to have an overview of how our understanding of the world has g
4、rown from 1900 to today.,Journey on the Paper,B R _ Journey on the Paper 2,MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH Medicine and Health,1900:Patients battle illness, while doctors can do little more than counsel (劝告) and comfort them and keep them clean.,Today:Doctors treat and often cure patients with a vast arra
5、y (一大批) of medicines and medical technologies, but some diseases are still incurable.,B R _ Journey on the Paper 3,MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE Physics and Astronomy,1900:The Milky Way galaxy (星系) (including some unexplained nebular clouds (星云) is the known universe. Newtons laws explain the physical w
6、orld. Matter is composed of atoms.,B R _ Journey on the Paper 4,Today:The Milky Way is just one galaxy among countless millions we have observed in the universe. There is no set of laws that explains all phenomena in the physical world, although there are many theories. Atoms are composed of many su
7、batomic particles, all of which derive from (来自于) energy.,MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE Physics and Astronomy,Today:Mental illness can be treated with a range of therapies (治疗) and medications. We know a great deal about the chemistry and the parts of the brain that control our behavior and thoughts.,B
8、R _ Journey on the Paper 5,RESEARCH INTO OURSELVES Human Behavior,1900:There is no cure for the mentally ill, who are confined to insane asylums (精神病院). “Mind” and “body” arethought of as two separate things.,B R _ Journey on the Paper 6,FASTER, CLOSER, BETTER Technology,1900:The only way to view th
9、e Olympic Games in Paris is in person. News about the Games travels to America via (通过) telegraph and is printed in newspapers.,Today:Millions worldwide watch the 2008 Beijing Olympics on television, transmitted instantaneously (瞬间地) by satellite. The news spreads as well by radio, newspaper, and th
10、e World Wide Web.,B R _ Journey on the Paper 7,ORIGINS Earth and Life Science,1900:There is no good explanation for catastrophic events such as earthquakes. The Earth is thought to be a mere 50 million years old, and the evolution of species is hotly debated.,B R _ Journey on the Paper 8,Today:The p
11、lates (板块) that make up the Earths crust (地壳) move over time, causing earthquakes and volcanoes. The Earth is known to be 4,500 million years old. The genetic code of DNA, which drives evolution, is better understood every day.,ORIGINS Earth and Life Science,B R _ Brainstorming,Brainstorm some of th
12、e scientific and technological inventions.,geneticengineering,cell phone,e-mail,clone,nuclear weapons,laptop (笔记本电脑),nanotechnology(纳米技术),B R _ Discussion,Discussion,?,Do all these inventions always change our lives for thebetter? Give examples to explain your opinion.,B R _ news,News,News 1In Feb.
13、1997,News 2 In Apr. 1998,News 3 In Feb. 2003,B R _ news _ script 1,In February 1997 a group of geneticists (遗传学家) led by Ian Wilmut at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, announced that they had cloned a sheep from the mammary gland tissue (乳腺组织) of a six-year-old ewe (母羊), the first time s
14、cientists have been able to clone an adult mammal (哺乳动物).,B R _ news _ script 2,Dolly, the first-ever mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell, with her first lamb, named Bonnie, is seen at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland in this image on April 23, 1998. Dolly, who was natural
15、ly mated at the end of last year with a Welsh Mountain ram (公羊), gave birth to Bonnie on April 13, proving that despite her unusual origins, she is able to breed normally and produce healthy offspring.,B R _ news _ script 3,Dolly, the sheep, the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult c
16、ell, has been put down after she was found to have a lung disease, the Roslin Institute in Scotlands capital,Edinburgh said on Feb 17, 2003. “She was suffering from an incurable disease,” said Dr. Harry Griffin, after Roslin released a statement saying the decision had been taken to put Dolly down a
17、fter she contracted (感染) progressive lung disease.,B R _ Discussion,Discussion,What is your attitude towards clone?,Clone is a member of a group of organisms or plants produced non-sexually from one ancestor.,The suggested ethical and practical arguments both for and against cloning：,For:,Against:,B
18、 R _ Discussion _ for,1. Technology is not well developed. It has a low fertility rate (出生率). In cloning Dolly, 277 eggs were used, 30 started to divide, nine induced pregnancy, and only one survived to term (临产).2. Clones may be treated as second-class citizens and the unknown psychosocial harm wit
19、h impacts on the family and society.3. Loss of genetic variation.,B R _ Discussion _ Against,1. Animals from endangered species could be cloned to prevent extinction.2. Cloning would be a good source for organ and bone marrow (骨髓) transplants.3. Sterile (不育的) couples will be able to have offspring w
20、ho will have either the mothers or fathers genetic pattern.,Ads Designing,Use attention-grabbing images and snappy (简洁) yet informative language in your ads. You might find models of such images and language in other public service advertisements, such as (A few good examples can be found at and .),
21、Decide for yourself which side of the issue to support and then plan a public service advertisement campaign for or against cloning.,1.2.,the ones,that discourage people from smoking.,B R _ Ads Designing,B R _ Ads Designing _ picture 1,smoking,B R _ Brief Introduction to Stephen Hawking,Brief Introd
22、uction to Stephen Hawking,Stephen Hawking (1942 ): British theoretical physicist and mathematician,B R _ Chronology of Stephen Hawking 1,Chronology of Stephen Hawking,1942 1958 1962, ,Born in Oxford, England.Entered and became especially interested in thermodynamics (热力学), relativity theory, and qua
23、ntum mechanics (量子力学).Received a bachelors degree in physics and then enrolled as a research student in general relativity at the .,Oxford University,University of Cambridge,B R _ Chronology of Stephen Hawking 2,1966,Earned his Ph.D. degree at the University of Cambridge. Stayed at the University of
24、 Cambridge to do post-doctoral research. Diagnosed as having Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化).,“I am quite often asked: How do you feel about having ALS? The answer is, not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it pr
25、events me from doing, which are not that many.”,B R _ Chronology of Stephen Hawking 3,1977 1979, ,Became a professor of physics.Appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, a post once held by Isaac Newton.,This is a picture of Stephen Hawking, “Isaac Newton” and “Albert Einstein”.,B R
26、_ Chronology of Stephen Hawking 4,1988 19931996, ,Published his famous book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes.Wrote Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.Co-authored a book with Sir Roger Penrose titled The Nature of Space and Time.,B R _ Oxford University _ picture
27、,Oxford University,Chronology of Stephen Hawking,B R _ University of Cambridge_ picture,University of Cambridge,Chronology of Stephen Hawking,B R _ Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking 1,Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking,singularity,A point in space-time at which the space-time curvature (曲率) bec
28、omes infinite.,misuse v. 误用，错用turn out 结果是manner n. 方式，风格,entropy n. 熵，热力学概念。fatal a. 重大的，致命的motivate v. 激发irritation n. 愤怒,B R _ Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking 2,black hole,A region of space-time from which nothing, not even light, can escape. Nothing can escape because gravity is so strong.,
29、With the help of the following words and expressions, listen to a recording of more information on black hole.,object n. 物体emit v. 放射，吐露the event horizon 事件视界，即黑洞的边界,B R _ Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking 3,A Brief History of Time,One of his books to make his work accessible to the public.,B R _
30、 Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking 4,Medal of Freedom,By their very definition, black holes are objects which are not supposed to emit anything. It therefore seemed that the area of the event horizon of a black hole could not be regarded as its entropy. In fact in 1972, I wrote a paper on this su
31、bject with Brandon Carter and an American colleague Jim Bardeen. We pointed out that, although there were many similarities between entropy and the area of the event horizon, there was this apparently fatal difficulty. I must admit that in writing this paper I was motivated partly by irritation with
32、 Beckenstein, because I felt he had misused my discovery of the increase of the area of the event horizon. However, it turned out in the end that he was basically correct, though in a manner he had certainly not expected.,B R _ black hole _ script,B R _ Medal of Freedom _ script,Persistent in his pu
33、rsuit of knowledge, Stephen Hawking has unlocked new pathways of discovery and inspired people around the world. He has dedicated his life to exploring the fundamental laws that govern the universe, and he has contributed to some of the greatest scientific discoveries of our time. His work has stirr
34、ed the imagination of experts and lay persons alike. Living with a disability and possessing an uncommon ease of spirit, Stephen Hawkings attitude and achievements inspire hope, intellectual curiosity, and respect for the tremendous power of science.,B R _ Monologue of Einstein 1,Monologue of Einste
35、in,Albert Einstein (18791955),B R _ Monologue of Einstein 2,I was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. As you may know, 1905 was a big year for me. Thats when I turned the world upside down, at least for scientists, with several new ideas. I proposed that space and time had to be looked at in a whole new w
36、ay that Newtons view of space and time was inaccurate. These ideas became known as the special theory of relativity and introduced the equation E=mc2. Ten years later I presented the general theory of relativity. The general theory showed that gravity is not a force, as Newton had thought. It is ins
37、tead a curvature (曲率) of the space-time continuum.,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 1,Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity,1) Which of the following does not change according to Einstein? _,A. Time,B. Mass,C. Speed of light,D. Length,Listen to the recording and choose the
38、 best answer.,Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity,1) Which of the following does not change according to Einstein? _,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 1A,A,A. Time,B. Mass,C. Speed of light,D. Length,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 1B,Albert Einsteins
39、Special Theory of Relativity,1) Which of the following does not change according to Einstein? _,B,A. Time,B. Mass,C. Speed of light,D. Length,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 1C,Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity,1) Which of the following does not change according to Ei
40、nstein? _,C,A. Time,B. Mass,C. Speed of light,D. Length,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 1D,1) Which of the following does not change according to Einstein? _,D,A. Time,B. Mass,C. Speed of light,D. Length,Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special
41、 Theory of Relativity 2,2) The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.,A. speed,B. color,C. mass,D. motion,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 2A,2) The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.,A. speed,B. color,C. mass,D. motion,A,B R _ Albert Einste
42、ins Special Theory of Relativity 2B,2) The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.,A. speed,B. color,C. mass,D. motion,B,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 2C,2) The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.,A. speed,B. color,C. mass,D. motion,C,B R _
43、 Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 2D,2) The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.,A. speed,B. color,C. mass,D. motion,D,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 3,3) What does the scientist in the spaceship measure? _,A. The speed of the spaceship.,B. The t
44、ime needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.,C. The speed of the other spaceship.,D. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 3A,3) What does the scientist in the spaceship measure? _,A. The speed of the space
45、ship.,B. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.,C. The speed of the other spaceship.,D. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.,A,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 3B,3) What does the scientist in the spaceship measure? _,A. The sp
46、eed of the spaceship.,B. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.,C. The speed of the other spaceship.,D. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.,B,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 3C,3) What does the scientist in the spaceship meas
47、ure? _,A. The speed of the spaceship.,B. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.,C. The speed of the other spaceship.,D. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.,C,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 3D,3) What does the scientist in th
48、e spaceship measure? _,A. The speed of the spaceship.,B. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.,C. The speed of the other spaceship.,D. The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.,D,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 4,4) What did the s
49、cientist in the red ship see or conclude? _,A. His beam of light does not appear to go straight up.,B.The beam of light in the blue ship appears to come straight down.,C. Time passed more slowly in the red ship.,D. The blue ship is shorter than the red one.,B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of R
50、elativity 4A,4) What did the scientist in the red ship see or conclude? _,A,A. His beam of light does not appear to go straight up.,B.The beam of light in the blue ship appears to come straight down.,C. Time passed more slowly in the red ship.,D. The blue ship is shorter than the red one.,B R _ Albe
