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1、名词性从句,名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化，但仔细分析高考试题不难看出，这一部分内容主要从以下几个方面进行考查。,语序问题,特殊句式,关联词的区分,拓展,巩固 练习,种类,名词性从句,1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.,
2、主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,I 名词性从句的种类,II语序问题,1.The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news .A. how he was excitedB. how was he exci
3、tedC. how excited he wasD. he was how excited,3.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,请你归纳,在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分应用_的语序。,陈述句,.名词性从句的连接词,一、主语从句,连词that(无词义, 不作成分, 不能省略);whether(是否),不用if.That he will come and help us is certain
4、.Whether we will succeed is still a question.,注意: 已确定的事由that引导; 没决定的事由whether引导.,3.连接副词when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等.,When the test will be given is not yet decided.How much we can spend must be agreed on.,2. 连接代词what, whatever, wh
5、o, whoever, whose, which, whichever 等.,What he is has nothing to do with you.Whose ticket this is has not been found out.,特殊句式,1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（MET98） A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It w
6、orried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92） Awhile B. that Cif Dfor,为了使句子保持平衡，常用it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。,请你归纳 ？,主语从句的主谓一致,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式. That they will come is certain.,2.由who, whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句
7、中的单复数而定.Whoever say that are to be punished.Who are going there have been decided.,3.What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.What he wants are these books.What he wants is some water.,二. 宾语从句,1. 由连词that 引导: that 常可省略。,We believe (that) he is honest.I told him (that) I would come back soon.,注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句,或
8、有插入语时不能省略that.),He said (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.,当that 引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时，需用先行词it 作形式宾语，把从句放到句末，that 不能省略。,We consider it possible that he is ill.I feel it a pity that she cant come.I heard it said that he had gone to Australia.He made it clear t
9、hat he objected to the plan.,2. 由wh-疑问词引导。,We fully understood what he meant.Go and ask why he was late yesterday.Please tell me which is mine.I asked how he was getting on.Do you know whether/if she is coming?He asked me whether or not I was I was busy.Whatever he does he does well.We will choose w
10、hoever is fit.They should enjoy complete freedom to marry whomever they desire.,whether 与if 有时可以换用，但下列情况只能用whether.,1. 介词后的宾从.Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.2. Whether or not的结构.I dont know whether or not shell like it. 3. 复合不定式只能用whether. Tell us whether to go or stay here. 4.习惯上
11、作discuss的宾从只用whether. 但: 宾语从句否定时常用if引导. He asked if you would not go and see him.,宾语从句要注意的几个问题:,1. 时态呼应2. 否定转移: (think, believe, suppose, expect, guess 等).但一般出现在主句是一般现在时的情况下. I dont think you have met before, have you ? I thought you would not come, so I went there by myself.3. 后面不能直接跟that从句的动词: all
12、ow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, hate, love, help, take, forgive 等. 这类次后可用其它形式作宾语. I admire their winning the match. (正确) I admire that they won the match. ( 错误 ),三. 表语从句,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同. 但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句. 3. seem, appear后可接that引导的从句, 而look则不可.
13、 这三个词后都可用as if / as though 引导从句. It seems / appears that he was late for the train yesterday. It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.,The news that our team has won the match is true.His delay is due to the fact that the car broke down halfway.,四. 同位语从句,同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, pr
14、omise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词.,注: 1. that 引导同位语从句与that 引导定语从句的区别: 引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义, 不作从句的任何成分, 而引导定语从句的that 从句的某个成分.,He told me the news that our team won the match.He told me the news that was very
15、exciting.We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.We are interested in the news that he told us.,2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.,I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.,1. that 与 what 2. if 与 whether 3. who 与 whoeve
16、r what 与 whatever,IV关联词的区分,1.用that 或what 填空,1. I wonder if this is _you are looking for.2. Our school is quite different from _ it was before.3. Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.,what,what,that,4._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.5._ the
17、 earth is round is known to us all.归纳：,What,That,连词_在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而_在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。,that,what,1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. （S 92) A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether,高考题选萃,2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. ( 93) A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3) Th
18、eres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is. ( 2002） A. that B. which C. of which D. what,2.用if 或whether 填空,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.,whether/if,whether,whether,4. It depends on _ we wi
19、ll have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.归纳:,a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从 句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if ；b.后面紧跟 or not 时, 用whether,whether,Whether,If,1._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.( 92) A. Whenever B. If
20、C.Whether D.That 2._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B.Whether C. That D.Where,高考题选萃,3.选择填空（what,whatever,who,whoever,1._ was said here must be kept secret.2. _we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law will be punished.,What
21、ever,What,Who,Whoever,_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而_等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。,请你归纳who,whoever/what,whatever ?,Whoever,whatever,Who, what,1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(99)A.Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever,高考题选萃,2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.
22、A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no matter who,3.These wild flowers are so special, I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever,4. It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.（NMET97） A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever,5. _ leaves th
23、e room last ought to turn off the lights.（MET88） A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,V . 拓展,whoever 与no matter who 引导名词性从句与让步状语从句的比较,whatever, however- 等与 no matter what, no matter how- 的区别:,1.Sarah hopes to become a friend of no matter who shares her interests.,2. No matter how much advice I
24、gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.3.He will believe whatever others say.4.Whatever others say, he will believe it.,Ture or False,F,whoever,T,T,T,归纳 whatever or no matter what ?,whatever 等同类词既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 no matter +疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。,另外，在名词性从句的复习过程中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,填空: The reason _
25、we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied,reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用why 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。,why,that,VI 巩固练习,1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat Cwhether Dhow 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right Athat what BWhat that Cthat Dwhether,3.Dr. Bla
26、ck comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I cant remember_. Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dthat 4.Energy is _ makes things work AWhat Beverything Csomething Danything,5.The reason _ I have to go is_ my mother is ill in bed A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; because 6.He doesnt think the question of _ they are men or women is important A. whether B. if C. which D. why,7.It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go 8.Air is to us_ water is to fish A. is that B. whatC. which D. that,Thank you for attending!,Goodbye,
