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1、英语课件,牛津版高二 模块八Unit 1,Unit 1 The written wordGrammar and usage,Negative words and negative statements,Look at the following sentences, Are these sentences true? If not, how to correct them?,Money can buy happiness.,Money can not buy happiness.,Shanghai is not the capital city of China. Beijing is the
2、 capital city of China.,Shanghai is the capital city of China.,Read the guidelines and answer.,1. Why are negative statements used?2. What are the most commonly used negative words?,To correct a mistaken idea.,The most commonly used negative words are no, not, never, and neither.,3. What are the kin
3、ds of negative statements?,(1) auxiliary verb + not,(2) not paired with other words,(3) other expressions: hardly, far from, seldom, unless, would ratherthan,(4)using no, neither, none or nothing to from complete negation(5) partial negation: words like all, both, everyone and everything are used in
4、 negative sentences,You might not (mightnt) have been written last week.,Conclusion 1:,1) auxiliary verb + not Its the simplest kind and basic form of negative statements, in which not or nt usually comes after the auxiliary verb.,观察下面的例子，总结否定陈述的构成：,Its not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper
5、.,i.e.,(Its quite common to find her reading the newspaper.),Conclusion 2:,2) not paired with other words,When used before a word with a negative prefix (e.g. un-, dis-, or in-), the meaning becomes positive, though not as strong as a direct positive statement.,Tip：,A negative statement may sometime
6、s have a positive meaning.,e.g. He didnt leave anything to his son but a big library of books. Students are not discouraged to discuss things with their classmates.,Your actions were not inexcusable, but they were certainly not appropriate.i.e. Your actions were excusable, but certainly not appropri
7、ate. It is not uncommon for him to be late.,Not many people heard the speech.i.e. Very few people heard the speech.,When not used before a phrase of time, distance or a noun phrase including quantities, it serves to emphasize the negative meaning of the phrase.,Conclusion 3:,More examples:,1. It is
8、not a long distance from the city centre to the new railway station.2. It will not be long before most people around the world know how to use the computer. 3. There were not many people present at the meeting.,I wonder whether/ if I shouldnt bring it.i.e. I wonder whether/ if I should bring it.,I w
9、ouldnt be surprised if they didnt move soon.i.e. I wouldnt be surprised if they moved soon.,3) extra negative in if-clauses Sometimes we use negative expressions with the words whether and if to show our doubt about a situation. These are more casual and are usually used in spoken English.,Conclusio
10、n 4:,Tip:,1. “I wonder whether/ if ”is used when considering something, concerning oneself.,2. “I wouldnt be surprised if” is used when considering something, concerning people other than oneself.,More examples:,1. I wonder whether/ if I shouldnt get a haircut.2. I wonder whether/ if I shouldnt buy
11、a new suit.,Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life. The classics are far from disappearing. Pips sister seldom has a kind word to say. Unless you read the novel yourself, you will never know what happens at the end. Joe would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.,Conclusion 5:,4) Using some n
12、egative words and expressions.,Some common negative expressions are:hardly, far from, seldom, unless, free from, and would rather than.,More examples:,The fortune sets him free from financial worries.2. You will not catch the early bus unless you leave right now.,5) When words like all, both, everyo
13、ne and everything are used in negative sentences, they form partial negation.,Conclusion 6:,All that you find on the Internet is not useful.I didnt take everything with me.,More examples:,总结：陈述句的否定形式主要有以下几种形式：1. not加在情态动词、be动词等的后面e.g. She could not answer the question. She is not a teacher.,2. 若谓语动词
14、是行为动词，前面又没有 助动词或情态动词，需在谓语动词之前加上助动词再加否定词not。e.g. She doesnt want to go to the park. I havent finished my homework.,3. 用带有否定意义的词来表示否定。 这类词有：no, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never, hardly, little, few, seldom, barely, dislike, disagree, useless, unimportant, out of ., far from., too . to 等。
15、,e.g. No one is in the room. He never tell lies. He is anything but a writer. This is a sentence free from mistakes. He is too ill to have been anywhere but in bed.,另外要注意以下几种特殊情况：1. 否定前移。这类词有 think, believe, expect等 e.g. I dont think he has time to play with me. I dont believe he is right.2. 部分否定和完全
16、否定。表示部分否定常见的有: not both，not all，not each / every等。,e.g. Not both of the students are right.表示完全否定常见的有：neither, none, no等。e.g. Neither of them is right. No boy is absent.,Read the book report in part A and circle any negative statements used in this report.For example:1. , experiences a childhood wit
17、hout any parents.2. ,Read the sentences in part B and complete them using the given words. Change the form where necessary.,not uncommon cantto would ratherthan not many,Many students _ read contemporary novels _ classics.2. It is _ for students to have difficulty understanding classics.,would rathe
18、r,than,not uncommon,3. _ students in my class have read Oliver Twist, so I told them the story.4. You _ be _careful when collecting these statistics.,Not many,cant,too,He pities Oliver, takes him home, and tries to reform him. (page 9),他同情奥立佛，把他带回家并设法改变他。,The word reform here means become or make be
19、tter by removing or putting right faults, errors. 变好，改善，改革,Language points,e.g. The law needs to be reformed. 法律需要进行改革。 She thought she could reform him. 她觉得她可以使他洗心革面。,考点考例,1. auxiliary verb + not (P8)考例1 Theres no light on they _ be at home. (2006全国卷I)A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt,选A。此处要用
20、情态动词表推测，且用于否定句表示“肯定不”，故cant符合要求。must表推测时不用于否定句，mustnt表示“禁止，不许”；neednt不需要；shouldnt不应当。,考例2 My cats really fat. You _ have given her so much food. (浙江 2007)A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt,选C。句意为：“我的猫真胖。” “你本不应该给她这么多的食物。” shouldnt have done sth.本不应该做某事(暗含做了)。,考例3 What do you think we can do
21、 for our aged parents? You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. (重庆 2007)A. dont have toB. oughtnt toC. mustnt D. cant,选A。dont have to不必；oughtnt to不应当；mustnt禁止，不允许； cant不可能，不可以，不能。答语句意为：除了与父母呆在一起、做真实的你以外，你不必做任何事情，所以dont have to为最佳选项。,考例4 The biggest problem for most plants, which _
22、just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. (湖南 2007)A. shant B. cantC. neednt D. mustnt,选B。cant表示“不能”。A项表将来；C项意为“不必”；D项意为“禁止”，都不正确。句意为：对于绝大多数受到威胁时不能站起来就跑的植物来说最大的问题是动物喜欢吃它们。,考例5 We _ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the p
23、ast ten years. (天津2006)A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt,选。句意为：或许我们还没有证明是伟大的探险者，但我们已经取得了在过去的十年里最伟大的进展。may not have done sth. 或许还没做过某事；neednt have done sth.本没有必要做但做了某事；shouldnt have done sth.本不应该做但做了某事。,考例6 Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, _? (福建 2006)A. hadnt you B. wouldnt yo
24、u C. arent I D. didnt she,选B。在反意疑问句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等，且主语为第一人称时，反意疑问句要与后面的宾语从句一致。,2. There are many other negative expressions. Some common ones are hardly, far from, seldom, unless, free from, and would rather . than. (P8),考例 Never in my wildest dreams _ these pe
25、ople are living in such poor conditions. (安徽 2006)I could imagine B. could I imagine C. I couldnt imagine D. couldnt I imagine,选B。表示否定意义的词或短语，如never , hardly, seldom, little, few, by no means, at no time等位于句首时，主句部分使用倒装语序。,But for their help, we _ the program in time （安徽 2009）A. can not finish B. wil
26、l not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished,2. I can _ be a teacher. Im not a very patient person. (湖南 2009) A. seldom B. ever C. never D. always 3. You and I could hardly work together, _? (湖南 2009) A. could you B. couldnt I C. couldnt we D. could we,4. Little _ about her own safety
27、, though she was in great danger herself. (陕西2009) A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care 5. Do you want another drink? _. (浙江 2009)A. I dont think so B. No wayC. Not at all D. I wouldnt say no,6. A small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more space fo
28、r baggage. (2008 全国卷II) A. once B. because C. if D. unless,7. It is often said that the joy of traveling is _ in arriving at your destination_ in the journey itself. (江苏 2008)A. 不填; but B. 不填; or C. not; or D. not; but,8. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents sp
29、oke the language. (北京2008) A. none B. neither C. both D. each,9. He has made a lot of films, but _ good ones. (北京 2007) A. any B. some C. few D. many10. The book is of great value. _ can be enjoyed unless you digest it. (福建 2007) A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything,Homework,Go over the grammar and make more negative statements.,2. Finish Part C1 and C2 on page 100 of the workbook.,3. Learn the useful words and expressions by heart.,
