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1、Welcome to IELTS WRITING,PIE CHART,饼状图特点：1. 饼状图描述静态数据：百分比或数字。2. 除了最大最小的，还有互相一样的和成倍的。,写作步骤：先审题，再看图几张饼，几种馅哪个馅儿多，哪个馅儿少数字，比率,先审题，再看图 is divided into parts分为部分几张饼，几种馅portion n. 一部分，份额segment n. 部分percentage n. 百分比proportion n. 份额,常用词汇,哪个馅儿多，哪个馅儿少outnumber v.多于make up/ constitute/ account for/ take up 占(份
2、额) consume the largest/ smallest portion 占最大小的份额separately adv.分别地respectively adv. 各个地，分别地one third/ one in three/ one out of every three 1/3 three quarters 3/4the rest/ the remainder/ the remaining 剩余部分,常用词汇,“占据” A takes up/ account for/ constitute/ make up X% of total e.g. 在2009年，英国喜欢在休闲时间听音乐的青少年
3、占总青少年人数的41%。 In 2009, teenagers who liked listening to music in their leisure time took up 41% of the total in England. A is composed of/ is made up of X% of B, Y% of C e.g. 发电的能源由50%的煤，30%的水力发电和20%的油构成。 The energy source for power generation is composed of 50% of coal, 30% of hydro power and 20% of
4、 oil. The percentage/ proportion of A is X%.e.g. 在2002年，食物开销占的比例为45%。 The percentage of expenditure on food was 45% in 2002.,常用句型,2. “倍数”翻番: double/ triple e.g. M公司9月的利润比5月翻了一倍。 The profit of company M doubled from May to September.A是B的X倍 e.g.女生的数量大约是男生的三倍。倍数 + that of + n. The number of girls is ab
5、out 3 times that of boys.倍数+as.as The number of girls is about 3 times as big as boys.倍数+比较级+than The number of girls is about twice bigger than boys.,常用句型,形容词修饰,adj. + 比例 big: vast, massive, hefty, overwhelming small: tiny, modest, mereP32 Practice 8、9,The pie charts below show units of electricity
6、 production by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.,在雅思考试中，通常不会只出现一个饼图，而是会多个饼图同时出现,饼图,第一步：分析 X 轴和Y 轴X1 ：年代：1980和2000X2 ：国家：澳大利亚、法国X3： 原料种类：煤炭、石油、天然气、 水力发电、核能Y： 发电量(不是百分比而是实际
7、具体发电量，单位为unit),饼图,第二步：分析图形Australia的两个饼图：1980年，煤占比例最大，天然气和水力一样，石油最少2000年，煤占比例更大，水力增大，天然气和石油减到很小都没有核能,France的两个饼图：1980年，煤和天然气一样多，石油其次，核能和水力相加等于石油2000年，核能最多，煤和石油相等，水力和天然气很少,饼图,第三步：确定框架一个图一个图的介绍同时加上年度变化的特征,开头段：,The charts compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and
8、2000. (改写题目) Between these years electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France. (总述趋势),饼图,主体一段：,In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power (e
9、ach producing 20 units) and oil (which produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro power continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 36 units.,饼图,主体二段：,In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25
10、 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro power contributing only 5 units. But by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almos
11、t 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units. Other sources were no longer significant.,饼图,结尾段：,Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power.,饼图,double/
12、triple:Electricity production almost doubled. (vi.)The two countries doubled their electricity production. (vt.)煤是澳大利亚的主要电力来源。Coal was the main source for electricity in Australia.Australia used coal as the main electricity source.Coal became the main fuel to produce electricity in Australia.The mai
13、n proportion of electricity was produced from coal in Australia.,饼图,写作要点 ：介绍各扇面及总体的关系；各个扇面之间的比较，同类扇面在不同时间、不同地点的比较重点突出特点最明显的扇面：最大的、最小的、互相成倍的,饼图,TABLE,表格特点：包含大量数据，写作关键是将这些数据分门别类系统化。,写作注意：1. 阅读表格时一般先阅读第一列（大分类），其次阅读第一行（小分类）；2. 阅读过程中注意同类数据的异同、变化特点或规律；3. 圈记突出性数据，可写上序号标记描述时遵循的顺序；4. 应有对同栏数字数字变化趋势的描述。,表示排列的常
14、用句型：1. A ranks first, followed by B at 20 and C at 15. A占比例最大，其次是B占20及C占15。 2. At the top of the list is _, which accounts for 70. 比例最高的是_，占70。3. At the bottom of the list is _, which takes up 20 only. 比例最低的是_，仅占20。,The table below shows the consumer durables (telephone, refrigerator, etc.) owned in
15、 Britain from 1972 to 1983.,表格,表格,第一步：分析 X 轴和Y 轴X1 ：年代：1972-1983（8年）X2 ：耐用消费品种类（8种）Y： 家庭使用百分比,表格,第二步：分析图表, 27%, 5%, 8%, 21%, 14%, 2%, 35%,主体一段：,As can be seen from the chart, the percentage of British households with a range of consumer durables steadily increased between 1972 and 1983.（总述）The great
16、est increase was in telephone ownership, rising from 42% in 1972 to 77% in 1983. Next came central heating ownership, rising from 37% of households in 1972 to 64% in 1983. The percentage of households with a refrigerator rose 21% over the same period and of those with a washing machine by 14%. House
17、holds with vacuum-cleaners, televisions and dishwashers increased by 8%, 5% and 2% respectively. In 1983, the year of its introduction, 18% of households had a video recorder.,表格,主体二段：,The significant social changes reflected in the statistics are that over the period the proportion of British house
18、s with central heating rose from one to two thirds, and of those with a phone from under a half to over three-quarters. Together with the big increases in the ownership of washing machines and refrigerators, they are evidence of both rising standards and the trend of lifestyles based on comfort and
19、convenience.,表格,The first chart below shows the results of survey which sampled a cross-section of 100,000 people asking if they travelled abroad and why travelled for period 1994-98. The second chart shows their destinations over the same period.,多表格,多表格,分析：主体段写两个第一段：1994 -1998年的旅游原因分为4大类，把每类的最大值、最小值和变化趋势写出来；第二段：旅行去的地区分为3类，把每类的最大值、最小值和变化趋势写出来剩下的非特征数据在这道题里完全可以忽略。,表格写作要点：1. 横向比较。介绍横向各个数据的区别、变化和趋势；2. 纵向比较。介绍横向各个数据的区别、变化和趋势；3. 不需要将每一个数据分别说明，突出强调数据最大值和最小值；4. 对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的。,
