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1、Academic writing 学术类写作文体的特殊要求,学术类,1.文体 Some teachers dont know how to use computers to help the students effectively. 2. 非正式词汇 Historic buildings attract lots of visitors and can improve the local economy. 3.拼写错误 The impact of tourism on these neighbourhoods should be analyzed. 4.实词 Children in weal
2、thy families are more and more dependent on their parents. 5.实词Serious crimes harm peoples lives.,1.dont 不要缩写Do not cannot (没有空格）2.Lots of = numerous = a host of （可数名词） a great deal of (不可数）3.Neighbourhoods （英式）Neighborhood（美式）analyze （美式）analyse （英式）注意雅思考试，可以用英式美式，但是英式美式不能混用。,More and more(口语化) = i
3、ncreasinglySerious=severeCrime =criminal actsharm =Damage/ destroy/ undermineImpair peoples health(专门指破坏健康）People= individual注： human beings 的范围比较大，作文里面慎用,6.实词 The advantages of stopping animal experiments are more than continuing them.7.句式 Today, advertisements are everywhere. There are many ways t
4、o do advertisements. 8.句式The environment is becoming worse. We must work together to deal with it.9.色彩So, we must take steps to deal with the environmental problems! 10.文化背景We must be friendly to others because the Bible said,” Treat your neighbors as you would like to be treated.”,6are more than =o
5、utweigh7句子太短（加个and）加连词）8句子太短，加Therefore 9Must should10不要用宗教语言主要还是逻辑,熟练掌握思考素材的三种方法,文明类 Tourism Education Government Women and Families Language and Culture Technology and the Media Development and Globalisation,野蛮类 Crime Animals Environmental Problems,a 分类法 （话题比较宽泛的，可以用分类法）Some people think old build
6、ings should be destroyed and replaced with modern buildings. To what extent do you agree? 开头: 城市老房子越来越多正文： 有些房子是要拆掉的。1.老房子比较危险。2. 老房子破坏市容，3.老房子住人比较少。有些是不需要拆的。1. 特殊的文化价值，政治价值的。2. 旅游资源（名人房子）注意（作文最好是四段式，可以参考剑6的考官范文，都给的是四段式的，正文部分，两段不要一样长，突出自己的侧重）,练习 Some high-school graduates go to travel or work for a
7、period of time before they go to university. To what extent do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 分类：优势劣势或者按照学生的专业分类，比如说有些人会去学文科，理科，各自的优势是什么，劣势是什么。,2. 替代法 Some people think motorized flight was the greatest invention in the twentieth century. Do you agree or disagree? 出现了 最高级，或者onl
8、y，完全禁止，就用替代法。用反例子。正文：1.(我承认1.可以促进国际间人们的交流。2.给我们带来便利好处。 但是，(举反例子1. 电脑，2互联网，3汽车，4手机等等都是超过飞机的影响的）,练习 Some people think stricter punishment for driving offenders is the only effective way to improve safety on the roads. To what extent do you agree or disagree?,3.裸奔法Technology & Efficiency （都有逻辑关系）Mind &
9、 SoulSociety & CrimeTime & SpaceRights & Responsibilities Environment & Health Mind & Soul Employment & Competition Culture & Population Money & Fun,练习：电子商务的影响正文：对于社会：科技提高了效率，精神方面缺乏交流，商店比较省空间，产生就业机会。 对于个人：效率提高，会有网络犯罪，提搞个人乐趣。,语法难点,A正确理解7种句子成分 1 Smoking is just a personal choice rather than a moral is
10、sue. （主语，可以是动名词，从句，名词做主语）2 Nowadays, more and more people agree that gambling is an unhealthy hobby. （谓语，只能是动词）3 Junk food impairs peoples health.(宾语，动名词，名词，从句） 4 In recent years, the Internet has been gaining in popularity at an amazing rate. （定语，修饰名词）5 Outdoor activities can greatly improve our he
11、alth.（状语，可以是动词，形容词，整个句子） 6 Shopping, an necessary activity in everyday life, is far more convenient in the city than in the country. （同位语，一般名词后面有逗号，解释说明的作用）7 I found the employment situation disappointing. （补语，动词+ 名词+形容词或者分词就是补语）,正确使用四种特殊句式,a 状语提前（作用形成句子节奏感，加强程度） Obviously, if elderly people live at
12、 home, their children can take care of them and they feel less lonely. Overall, the function of a building is more important to a building than its appearance. I am fond of the Western culture. Specifically, I think the French culture is really second to none（最好的=best）. Most importantly, the governm
13、ent should make sure that citizens can improve their lives. In terms of attitude, Teddy Bear is a very good teacher. To reduce traffic jams, the government should encourage people to take the subway. （in order to换成to）Living in poverty, these people do not even have money to buy enough food. Without
14、an IELTS score, one cannot get a visa from the embassy.,b倒装句（动词放到主语前面） Not only should the parents spend more time with their children, they should also try to communicate with their children more often. （not only，but also 半倒装）Only in this way can this issue be effectively solved.,c强调句 It is the sli
15、ts that make a chi-pao really special. It is the traditions in Beijing that attract many foreign tourists.,d 虚拟语气（语气弱化，用的不多，考高分可以用） If this were not true, then we would find it impossible to predict how the stock market would develop. The schools would seem very impersonal if all the human teachers
16、were replaced by the computers.,有效避免7种语法错误,1. Employee can benefit more from telecommuting than employer. （可数名词不可单独使用，一定要有修饰，即The ，a ,或者加S） 2.1 Work at home using modern technology can greatly enhance our efficiency. 2.2 Children who are raise（抚养） in impoverished（poor） families can generally deal wi
17、th problems more effectively in their adult years. 2.3The problems that are created by environmental contamination （污染，pollution）is very hard to resolve. 2.4 Many students are very like studying home economics. 2.5 In present-day society, cultures were becoming very similar.,3 Intelligent students s
18、hould not be treated different by their teachers. 4.1 Countries should pay attention on the disadvantages （that）globalization may create. 4.2 The Internet has instead of(repalced) teachers in many classrooms. 5 Some parents do not obey traffic rules himself. 6 Some people think the Internet only has
19、 positive impact, （while）other people think it also has negative influence on our lives. 7 There are a great many children think （thinking）the main purpose of education should be to afford them pleasure and enjoyment. 注意：Important for sb.to do Important to me The reason for The solutions to,高分范文讲解,I
20、n Britain, when some people get old they often go to live in a home with other old people where there are nurses to look after them. The government has to pay for his care. Who should be responsible for our old people? Give reasons for your answer.,Example 2 Band 8,One of the most challenging proble
21、ms of todays society is the question about who should be responsible for our old people. It is not only a problem with money but also a question of the system we want our society to have. In my essay, I would like to present four possible models.,Firstly, the company could be responsible for its ret
22、ired employees. To do this, a special fund could be established. The advantage of this model is that if one believes in the capitalist system, it should be the cheapest solution. One possible problem is that the companies may have (a)competition disadvantage due to higher staff costs.,A second solut
23、ion is that the government has to take the responsibility for the old peoples care. It can finance this with its tax incomes. Actually, this is the most democratic model since everybody gets as much money as he or she needs. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this solution
24、 seems not to work very well. The government can no longer afford to support all the old peoples. Another way of solving the problem is to give back the responsibility to the individual, which means that everybody has to save money during their working life for the live after their retirement. This
25、seems to be not a very fair model because there will certainly be people who cant afford to save part of their salary; therefore, the government would have to care for them.,A last solution is to go back to the old model of the “big family who cares for all their members. I do not think this is poss
26、ible in our days (todays)society because the family structures have changed. To sum up, I have to admit that I cannot find a really good solution for to this problem. All models have both advantages and disadvantages. Certainly we have to think about this topic much more in the future.,雅思100个加分词汇,注意
27、： vt 表示及物动词，后面需要跟宾语 背诵的时候尽量联系话题来记（比如教育，犯罪，环境），在写作的时候也可以根据话题来随时查阅这个词汇表，这样反复熟悉，将很快掌握这个精彩的作文词汇,education,1. parenting n . 家长给小孩的教育 a good parenting/ a bad parenting 2. schooling n. 学校对学生的教育 3 cultivate v. 培养 （+宾语）4.awareness=sense=recognition n. 意识 +of e.g Cultivate the awareness/sense/recognition of 5
28、 contribute to v 推动 to society(注意society 是一个抽象名词，不加the) 6.motivation n. 动力 (give sb. to do )7.adapt to v 适应 8. afford something v 提供 sb. sth.,media,9.prevalent adj. 形容词无处不在的，可以代替everywhere 10 journalists n. 记者 (reporter)11 the press n. 新闻界 (the media)12.coverage n. 报导，动词是cover e.g The coverage of an
29、 event 13 misleading adj. 有误导性的 13.dependable adj. 可靠的 E.g misleading/ dependable commercials / advertisements 虚假/可靠的广告14 up-to-the-minute adj. 非常及时的 coverage of ,Technology,15. transform vt 改变，代替changeTransformation/ transformer 16 advance v&n 发展 (advancement,development)17.a staggering rate n 惊人的速
30、度 18.Information overload n . 信息爆炸 19 enhance vt 提高，增强 (=improve) efficiency/ the cityscape(改善市容）20 innovations n 创新，发明 （=invention） 21.technological adj 科技的 advancement/ innovations 22 telecommunications n 远程通讯,Government,23. combat=tackle=resolve =address vt 解决 (+宾语）How should I address you ? （口语）
31、24 alleviate=ease vt. 减轻，缓解 the traffic jam.25 invest in=allocate money to v 对投资 26 authorities n 当局(government) The 27 ban=forbid=prohibit vt 禁止 Strictly 28 scrutinise vt 监督 (monitor) 29 administer=regulate vt 管理(manage) 30 tax revenue n 税收 31 obligation n 责任 (responsibility),Tourism,32 broaden one
32、s horizons v 开阔人的眼界 在作文里面泛指 一个人 最好用 one/ones33 conflicts n 冲突 clashes34 promote vt 促进 Limit restrict 限制 35 local/local residents= local inhabitants n 当地居民 36 mutual understanding n 相互了解 37 enrich ones experience v 丰富人的经历,languages,38.the proliferation of n 的大量扩散,大量出现（比如英语，互联网，环境污染等） 39 plays a domin
33、ant role in v 在占统治地位 40 go extinct v 灭绝 die out 41 lesser-known languages n 小语种 42 the widespread use of n 的广泛使用,Culture,43 ancestors n 祖先 44 descendants (注意拼写) n 后代 Offspring (比较近的后代，不加S）45 time-honoured n 历史悠久的 （it has a long history） traditions 46 cultural heritage n 文化遗产 47 cultural diversity n
34、文化多样性 48 cultural identity n 文化特性 49 ethnic minorities n 少数民族,发展类,50 the pace of life= the tempo of life n 生活节奏 51 the gap between the urban area and the rural area n 城乡差距 52 inferior adj 质量差的 （bad）53 facilities n 设施 （一般用复数）Equipment （指比较小的）（一般是 a piece of ） 54 alienated adj (人与人之间)疏远的 55 materialis
35、tic adj (人)物质化的，现实的 56 the present situation=the current situation=the status quo n 现状,57 affluent adj 富裕的，有钱的 (rich ) 58 impoverished adj 贫穷的 59 sweeping trends n 席卷一切的潮流 60 synthesize the Asian and Western cultures vt 有机结合东西方文化 61 erode vt 侵蚀（本土文化） 62 universal adj 普遍的 63 a double-edged sword n 双刃
36、剑（既有好处也有坏处）,woman,64 domestic violence n 家庭暴力 65 gender equality n 性别平等 66 discrimination n 歧视 67 an enlightened society n 一个开明的社会 68 household chores n 家务事 69 be tied down by v 被所拖累,家庭类,70 offspring n 后代 （单复数相同，不加S）71 personality clashes n 性格冲突 72 household n 家庭（=family）73 generation gap n 代沟 74 fa
37、mily bonds n 亲情 75 harmony n 和谐 harmonious society,犯罪类,76 crimes=offense=criminal acts n 犯罪 77 commit a crime v 犯罪（动词短语） 78 stringent adj 严厉的 79 punishment n 惩罚 80 the crime rate=the incidence of crime n 犯罪率 81 rampant adj 猖獗的 crime / pollution 82 violate the law v 违法 83 curb v 遏制（犯罪、污染等）,动物类,84 pre
38、serve v 保护(某种资源,比如natural resources或者old buildings），如果保护某人可以用protect 85 inhumane adj 残酷的，不人道的（cruel） 86 biodiversity n 生物多样性 87 companions n 伙伴 88 replacements=alternatives n 替代物（比如化妆品实验用动物作替代物而不用人做实验） 89 habitat n 栖息地 90 endangered species n 濒危动物,环境类,91 sustainable development n 可持续发展 92 exploit na
39、tural resources v 开采自然资源 93 the ecosystem (请大家记住任何eco-开头的单词都和生态有关) n 生态系统 （ecology）94 profound impact n 深远的影响 95 conserve v 节约，代替save 96 deteriorate(不及物动词) aggravate(及物动词) v 如果某种现象自身恶化，就可以说它deteriorate 如果某种事物导致别的现象恶化，就用aggravate sth.或者用被动形式 97 discharge v 排放（污染物） 98 consume=deplete v 消耗（资源） 99 eco-f
40、riendly adj 有益于环保的 100 scarcity n 短缺,复杂句（6种关系）,1 cause and effect 因果关系 标志词 1） 表示原因的 as , since ; due to , owing to + n. (because)2） 表示结果的（so） hence(因此)， thus(因此) ， therefore（因此）（用在句中） As a consequence,（作为结果） As a result,（作为结果） Consequently（作为结果） （用在句首）3） thereby( 以此达到的目的) （用在句中）Thereby 后面一般加动名词E.g(高
41、分例句）1 The ecological problems are being aggravated ; hence , it is imperative(= very important) that we take measures(actions) to curb the pollution of the environment. 2 The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation, thereby promoting sustainable development and cre
42、ating a more livable environment.,2 exemplification举例关系 标志词 Take（n.）for example.(以为例) for instance,（比如）To illustrate,(例如.) As an apt illustration,（作为例证,）Consider, for example(以为例)E.g1 The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. Take China for example, when youngsters go to the
43、movies, it is common for them to choose Hollywood blockbusters （大片）over domestic films. 2 Animals are humans companions. To illustrate, dolphins often rescue sailors from sinking ships. 注意：雅思作文举例不宜过长，运用解释和其带来的后果加以证明。不要写自己个人的例子，写具有代表性的一群人，社会人等。,3 comparison and contrast 对比关系 标志词 while/ whilst /wherea
44、s （主句和从句对比，句内对比，中间用逗号）By contrast, （句子间对比，两句话）1 While/ Whilst modern man （人类）leads a stressful life, our ancestors could often perform their business in a leisurely fashion. Perform ：从事某事2 The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts
45、in the country tend to be of inferior（劣质的） quality.,4 Concession 让步关系 标志词 Despite/In spite of/Notwithstanding(尽管) Nonetheless/ Nevertheless， (尽管如此) （一般放在句首）Even though(尽管) = Although 1 In spite of the disadvantages that animal experimentation can bring about, many scientists insist on continuing thi
46、s practice. 2 The government plays a crucial(very important) role in scientific research; nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting(do/ perform 从事） scientific research.,5 Supposition 假设论证 标志词 provided that（如果）（一般跟希望的，好的结果） If （好的坏的都可以）E.g 1 Provided that we can minimize (r
47、educe)the pain of test animals, animal experimentation should be continued. 2 If large companies are moved to the countryside, the traffic congestion in cities will be alleviated(reduce) substantially(obviously).,6 Modification 修饰关系 (定语从句）标准词that, who, which （在雅思作文中，最好which 前面都有逗号）E.g1 In this day a
48、nd age, we have a proliferation（扩散，大量的） of buildings that look exactly like the buildings our ancestors built. 2 Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed（警觉） many adults.,基础句型,前进类 1 benefit from People who look for information can
49、 benefit from the amazing（staggering） development of the Internet. （典型6分句子）2 invest in The medical facilities in the rural area are still not very developed; therefore, the government should invest more money in these facilities. 3 promote the development of The widespread use of English has promote
50、d the development of English training schools in China. 4 It is obvious that It is obvious that a DVD can hold more information than a book. More importantly, it is more entertaining. 5 play a key role in Ones job and age play a key role in deciding what one wears.,6 enrich ones experience Working f
