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1、, ,Chapter 4,Copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.All rights reserved. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of thework should be mailed to:Permissions Department, Harcourt College Publishers,6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777., ,(supply) (demand) . .,“Market is a forum of vo
2、luntary exchange” (Prof. McMillan, Stanford Univ.) “ ” (Prof. Mankiw, Harvard Univ.), ., ., (Competitive Market),(competitive market) , , , () (price taker) ., Monopoly , . Oligopoly ., , Monopolistic Competition ., is the amount of a good/service that buyers are willing and able to purchase. , , ,
3、states that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. / / , is a table that shows the relationship between the price() of the good and . , , Market price Consumer income Prices of related goods Tastes Expectations, is the downward-sloping line relating price to quantity d
4、emanded. ,$3.00,2.50,2.00,1.50,1.00,0.50,2,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,11,0, Ceteris Paribus,Ceteris paribus . , ceteris paribus “ .”, ,:, , (Change in Quantity demanded) vs. (Change in Demand), , ,0,D1, , ,A,20,$500, , , ,0,D1, ,D3,D2,Increase in demand,Decrease in demand, 1. , . ., ,$30000,2,1,3,4,5,6,7
5、,8,9,10,12,11, ,0,Increasein demand, .,D1,D2, ,$3.00,2.50,2.00,1.50,1.00,0.50,2,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,11, , ,0,Decreasein demand, .,D1,D2, 2. , , . ) vs. , ) DVD player & DVD, , , , states that there is a direct (positive) relationship between price and quantity supplied. , , Market price Input pric
6、es Technology Expectations, ., the upward-sloping line relating price to quantity supplied. , ,$3.00,2.50,2.00,1.50,1.00,0.50,2,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,11,Ice-Cream Cone ,Ice-Cream Cones ,0, Graphically, individual supply curves are summed horizontally to obtain the market supply curve., - , . ., ,1,5
7、, , ,0,S,$500,A,C, , , , ,0,S1, , Equilibrium Price . , . Equilibrium Quantity . , ., ,At $2.00, the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied!,Ice-Cream Cone ,Ice-Cream Cones , ,2,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,11,0,$3.00,2.50,2.00,1.50,1.00,0.50,Ice-Cream Cone ,Ice-Cream Cones ,2,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,
8、10,12,11,0,$3.00,2.50,2.00,1.50,1.00,0.50,Surplus,* , . .* . . * ,Ice-Cream Cones ,Ice-CreamCone ,$2.00,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,Supply,Demand,$1.50,Shortage,* , . . * . .* , 3 , ( ) . . , ,Aircond. ,200,0,7,Aircond.,Initialequilibrium,D1,1. Hot weather increasesthe demand for Aircond.,Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc., (Shifts in Curves) vs. (Movements along Curves),. . , ,oil ,$70,0,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,oil ,13,Initial equilibrium,S1,10,Newequilibrium,
