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1、阅读理解主要考查形式主要有四大类：,1事实细节题。,2主旨大意题。,3词义猜测题。,4推理判断题。,英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是要求阅读者根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。因此，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，哲学原理，并借助一定的常识进行分析，推理，判断。,五年高考全国卷推理判断题量统计表,7,7,5,7,8,推理判断题量在近5年中相对稳定,1. 数据推断题,3. 逻辑结论推断题,2. 知识推断题,5. 作者观点、态度倾向推断题,6. 写作目的/意
2、图推断题,7. 文章出处/来源推断题,推理判断,8. 预测想象推断题,4. 隐含意思/细节推断题,1. 数据推断题,解答此类题, 关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息, 然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上, 运用自己的数学知识,对其进行分析、推算, 从而得出正确的结论。,技巧:,Shakespeares Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeares WorldThe Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the carparks shown on the map: nearest is Win
3、dsor Street (3 minutes Walk) Q: How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children?A. 9.80B. 12.00C. 14.20D. 16.40,Example 1: 2010年全国, A篇,Below are some classified ads from an English newspaper.classified adsFOR DIRECT CLASSIFIED SERVICE CALL 800-055710A.M.-4P.M. MONDAY-FRIDAYF
4、OR SALECOME to our moving sale-Plants, pottery, books, clothes, etc, Sat, Dec. 14th-9 a.m.-5 p.m.1612 Ferndale, Apt. 1,800-4696.USED FUR COATS and JACKETS. GOOD condition. $30-$50. Call 800-0436 after 12 noon.MOVING: Must sell. TV21”, $50; AM/FM radio A/C or battery, $15; cassette tape recorder, $10
5、. Call Jon or Pat, 800-0793 after 5 p.m. or weekends.SHEEPSKIN COAT: mans, size 42, 1 year old. $85. After 6 p.m., 800-5224. Q: A second-hand jacket will probably cost you _.A. $60B. $40C. $20D. $10,Example 2: 2009年浙江, B篇,2. 知识推断题,解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础常识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。,知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自
6、己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。,知识推断题一般都是针对细节。,技巧:,Tokyo: Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire (蓝宝石) worth nearly six hundred thousand dollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum. “Normally it would be forbid
7、den to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects, but its different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel,” a police official said. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten (咬) by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be sav
8、ed. Medicine was being kept ready at a nearby hospital. Q: The jewels was being shown in _.A. an Indian hotelB. an Indian museumC. a Japanese hotelD. a Japanese museum,Example 3: 全国,3. 逻辑结论推断题,解答这类题的前提是首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题意的要求进行推断。,逻辑结论是指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观
9、点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。,技巧:,When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked, “Are you single?” “Why, yes.” I answered, smiling at her happily. “So is m
10、y mother.” she said, “Would you like to meet her?” Q: The waitress said hello to the writer every day because _.A. she lived near his houseB. he often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be friendly with himD. she loved him very much,Example 4:,Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn (旅馆). “Please,
11、 sir.” begged the innkeeper, “Dont kill us! We meant nothing!” The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called: “Ready! Aim!” The wife screamed. “Stop!” said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now,
12、dont you?” Q: Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple?Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger.C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.D. Beca
13、use he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger.,Example 5:,4. 隐含意思/细节推断题,1. 文章中直接用于表达细节的信息2. 文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论3. 与文章内容完全相反的结论4. 不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。,干扰项特点:,4. 隐含意思/细节推断题,要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考， 得出片面结论。2. 要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。3. 注意不要选择表
14、层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。,技巧:,One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant, “I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well,” replied the man, “Im moving out of my apartment a
15、nd the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.” Q: The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects,Example 6:,Since my retire
16、ment (退休) from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes (风景画) much influenced（影响）by Krenkel and St. John for five years. but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brush
17、es and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. As Confucius once said, “At seventy I can follow my hearts desire.”71. We can infer from the text that the author _.A. had bee
18、n taught by Krenkel and St. JohnB. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 yearsC. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolorsD. started his retirement life at the age of seventy,Example 7: 2006年全国, D篇,5. 作者观点、态度倾向推断题,作者观点、态度题考查目标比较明确，题干一般都含有according to the writer/author, attitude, opinion, believe,
19、 consider, regard等词或短语。,这类题目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表现的态度外，有的还考查作者对具体的某个人或事物的态度或评价。如作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是中立/犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。,5. 作者观点、态度倾向推断题,常见提问形式:,1. Whats the authors attitude towards?2. What is the opinion of the writer in this passage?3. What does the author mean by saying “”?4. From thepar
20、agraph, what do you think the author wants to tell us? 5. The author seems to be in favor of/against.6. With which of the following does the author agree？,5. 作者观点、态度倾向推断题,干扰项特点:,1. 是自己的某种看法或观点2. 是社会的一种普遍种倾向3. 是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等,技巧:,问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述 主题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感情色彩的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；2. 如果问的
21、是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。,Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends. On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my fathers friends for lunch at an ou
22、tdoor caf. We talked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed over my sons funny facial expressions. Gone was my fathers critical (挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had he
23、ld him back before? Q: What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?A. More criticalB. More talkativeC. Gentle and friendlyD. Strict and hard-working.,Example 8: 2008年全国, A篇,As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, d
24、estination, purpose, and excuse. It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence (青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends a
25、nd I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria. Q: How does the author feel about his childho
26、od?A. Happy but short.B. Lonely but memorable.C. Boring and meaningless.D. Long and unforgettable.,Example 9: 2008年天津, E篇,6. 写作目的/意图推断题,常见提问形式:,考查整篇文章:,The writer writes this passage in order to _.2. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.3. What is the purpose of writing this article?4
27、. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.,6. 写作目的/意图推断题,常见提问形式:,考查某处细节:,The writer uses the example of to show that _.2. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.3. .are mentioned in the first paragraph to _.,6. 写作目的/意图推断题,常见的写作目的:,不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种
28、:,1. to amuse/entertain readers (娱乐读者)2. to persuade readers to sell a product or a service (说服读者接受某种观点/ 某样东西）3. to inform readers (告知读者某些信息),6. 写作目的/意图推断题,技巧:,这种写作目的常见于故事类的文章。,1. to amuse/entertain readers,2. to persuade readers to sell a product or a service,这种主要是通过对旅游景点报刊杂志影片电视节目等的介绍来达到写作目的: 吸引更多
29、的游客读者或订户观众或者推销产品或者服务等,6. 写作目的/意图推断题,技巧:,3. to inform readers,这种写作目的多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章。了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。,People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn
30、 how to climb, youre wrong. How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness (保护带) around your chest to hold you. Climbing attracts people because its good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a com
31、plete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger. Q: Why does the author write this passage?A. To tell people where to find gyms.B. To prove the basic need for climbing.C. To encourage people to climb mountains.D. To introduce the sport of wall climbing.,Example 10: 20
32、08年安徽, C篇,14 days from just 2,090 ppFully inclusive from the UKPrice covers: International airfares, departure taxes, fuel charges, local transportation, accommodation, all meals, entrance fees, guides, daily tours and visas for UK citizens.Days 1-3: UK-ShanghaiDay14: Beijing-UK Ks5u Fly back to the
33、 UK, arriving home later the same day filled with happy memories. Q: The ad is mainly intended to _.A. encourage the British to travel in ChinaB. attract the British to traditional Chinese foodC. offer service of booking air tickets to touristsD. provide the British with a better understanding of Ch
34、ina,Example 11: 2009年福建, C篇,“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves
35、,” he said. Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity. Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. “The wind starts out by making little ripples (涟漪), but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves Q: The writer uses the two ques
36、tions at the beginning of the passage to _.A. test the readers knowledge about wavesB. draw the readers attention to the topicC. show Jamie Taylors importanceD. invite the readers to answer them,Example 12: 2005年广东, C篇,7. 文章出处/来源推断题,The passage is most likely to be taken from _.2. Where would this p
37、assage most probably appear?3. The passage is most likely a part of _.,常见提问形式:,7. 文章出处/来源推断题,这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。如:1. 报纸: 前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。2. 广告: 因其格式特殊，容易辨认。3. 产品说明: 器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式等; 而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。,解题技巧:,Example 13: 2010年江西, B篇,In which column of a newspaper could we find this adve
38、rtisement?A. ArtsB. SalesC. JobsD. News.,Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed”? Read the following directions and see if you understand them. “To reduce pain, take two tablets (药片) with water, followed by one tablet ever
39、y eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask for your doctors advice. Reduce the am
40、ount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine”. Q: This text is most probably taken from a _.A. textbookB. newsreelC. doctors notebookD. bottle of medicine,Example 14: 全国,8. 预测想象推断题,The paragraph following the passage will most likely/probably to be _.2. The passage
41、 is probably followed by a paragraph about _?3. What did the paragraph preceding/following this section likely deal with/talk about/discuss? 4. What will the author talk about in the next paragraph?,常见提问形式:,有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。,8. 预测想象推断题,做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，
42、也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。,技巧:,We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing (数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. More and cleverer computers will continue to ap
43、pear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us. However Q: Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked a
44、bout in the third paragraph?A. Computers will soon stop developing.B. Computers are as clever as man.C. Many people like computers very much.D. I dont think computers will replace us completely.,Example 15:,There was ice on the road, and the doctors car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his
45、 surprise, he was not hurt. He got out of the car and walked to the nearest house, he wanted to telephone the garage (汽车修理厂) for help. The door was opened by one of his patients. “Oh, Doctor.” she said, “I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly i
46、ndeed. There has been a very bad accident in the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help”. Q: Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story?A. “Yes, he does need help - your help, not mine.”B. “An
47、other accident? Ive just had an accident myself?”C. “I got your call and rushed over. I hope Im not too late.”D. “I didnt get your call. But Im here and hope I can help.”,Example 16:,在推理判断时要牢记以下几点：1.严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，千万不要掺杂 自己的主观想法或经验;2.如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推 论，也就不是正确答案;3.如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及， 那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案;4.如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完 整，那也不是正确答案;5.文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should, must, may, etc.)往往能流 露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案;6.注意作者在文章中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too， excessively, rather则常带有否定的口气;7.某些过渡词(例如：however, but, on the contrary, whats more)后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。,
