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1、现在完成时,八年级下册 时态之二,现在完成时的含义及用法,现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。,现在完成时的基本句型：,肯定式： 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式： 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?,用法现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)I ha
2、vent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的),此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。,already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经,你已经找到你的书了吗? (find-found) 他们在这个城市建了许多房子. (build-built) Judy还没到达. (arrive-arrived) 你吃过早饭了吗? (have-had),Have you
3、 found your book yet?,They have built many buildings in this city.,Judy hasnt arrived yet.,Have you had breakfast ?,试一试,用法 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 oclock?,常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连
4、用.,for+ 时间段since+时间点 , since+ 句子，since+ 时间段+ ago,用for 或since填空,Mr. Brown has had his TV _15 years. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . My friends havent visited me _ my birthday. We havent used our car _a long time . She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _
5、 years. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old.,for,since,for,since,for,for,since,常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词:already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter .yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚) They have just left. ever(曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing ?never(从不) I have never se
6、en him .before(以前) Have you seen the film before?since(自从以来) Ive worked in the school since 1999.for(长达) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的)recently(最近) I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止) So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to no
7、w(到目前为止)this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年),have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to “到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to “去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。have been in “呆在某处一段时间了”,Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling , I went t
8、here last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。,实义动词分为: 瞬间动词 、延续动词,瞬间动词,注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,在现在完成时的肯定句中，瞬间动词不能与表示短时间的句子连用，否定句中可以。瞬间动词若要连用可替换成别的表达方式:瞬间动词可用于“段时间 + ago ” 的一般过去时句型瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语.与段时间连用瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时 的句型中。表示“自从.以来有.时间” 的意思.主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬
9、间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时的句型中,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了.,His grandpa has died for 2 years.,Nick has joined the army for 3 years.,He has left Shenzhen for along time.,I have borrowed the book for 4 months.,X,X,X,X,注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,method 1:,动作,die,be over,leave,
10、borrow/buy,arrive,begin,end/finish,join,marry,keep/had,be away,be here,be on(上演）,be married,be in,be dead,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了.,His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.,Nick has been in the army for 3 years.,He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.,I have had/kept the book for 4 months.,method 2:,It is + 时间段 since +一般过去时的句子.,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了.,It is 2 years since his grandpa died.,It is 3 years since Nick joined the army.,It is a long time since he left Shenzhen.,It is 4 months since I borrowed the book .,
