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1、.,名 词,.,目录,一 名词概述二 名词的分类三 名词的数四 名词的格五 名词的用法,.,一 名词概述,名词的概念：用来表示各种各样的人和事物名称的词就是名词名词的范围包括：人称、具体事物、抽象事物、时间、地点、方向等,.,二 名词的分类,专有名词：姓名，国家，语言，月份，星期，节日，大学等 个体名词 可数名词 普通名词 (有单复数之分) 集体名词 物质名词：自然物质，食品 ，饮料等 不可数名词 （没有复数形式） 抽象名词：情感，学科，概念等,.,普通名词：一类东西或者一个抽象概念名词个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family
2、。物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work,peace。,.,注意：1）普通名词前一般要加a或者an或者the例如：a book the key2)专有名词的第一个字母一般大写，前面加the,且the首字母不大写例如：the USA the UN3）人名前若有尊称或者头衔，第一字母大写例如：Chairman Hu 4）集体名词作主语事，谓语只能用单数例如： Class one is the No.1 in the sports game5）可数名词有数的概念，单数名词前一般加a/an；复数名词词尾一般加-s/-es例如： an
3、egg a box of eggs,.,6）专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词一般属于不可数名词，除此之外有一种判断不可数名词的方法：液体物质：water. oil .soup小颗粒物：dust sand 自然现象：light snow wind抽象概念：thought importance消息、建议：advice news information事物总称：clothing jewelry,.,有些不可数名词在一定的上下文也可以用作可数名词，但往往意思也发生变化,.,一些专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词变复数后词义发生变化,.,三 名词的数,（一）可数名词的数 1 名词变复数的规则变化：（1）一般在词尾
4、加-s 清辅音后读/s/ ，浊辅音后读/z/（2）以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的加-es 读/iz/ 例如： (boxes buses dishes watches) （3）以-y结尾的：辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i再加-es；元音字母加y结尾，直接加-s （4）部分以f或fe结尾的词：把f、fe改为v，再加-es （半片树叶自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀狼，架后小偷逃命忙） half leaf self wife knife wolf shelf thief life,.,leaf,wolf,wolves,leaves,knife,knives,.,2 名词变复数的不规则变化：（1）变内部元音
5、 （oo-ee; a-e） man-men tooth-teeth foot-feet（2）词尾加-en或-ren （3）单、复数词形相同的词(人在中国日本和瑞士，喜欢绵羊鹿和鱼) Japanese Chinese（4）汉语音译词如度量衡、币制等单位的名词无复数形式，但要用斜体（5）表示“某国人”的名词，单复数变化情况： 单复数形式相同；变词尾的man为men；词尾加-s(walkman, German, human) （6）以o结尾的词：加-es;加-s （黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿）（广播录像动物园，钢琴袋鼠照相片）,.,要点考点聚焦,找规律,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes
6、,NOUN.,negroes,.,（7）外来词的复数变化：datum-data 数据 basis-bases 基础（8）复合名词的复数变化主要词变复数:passer-by_passers-by father-in-law_ fathers-in-law前后两词都变复数:man teacher-men teachers,.,(二)不可数名词的数 1 不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化，只能借助数词和量词来表示一定的数量，这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。 （注：可数与不可数是一个语法概念） 2 表示方法：“数词或冠词+量词（单数或复数）+of+不可数名词”,.,a bottle
7、 of juice,a glass of orange,two boxes of milk,不可数名词,NOUN.,.,3）物质名词在某些情况下可以变为可数名词，有复数形（一）当物质名词转换为个体名词时例如：Cake is a kind of food These cakes are delecious（二）当物质名词表示物质种类时例如：The factory produces steel We need various steels（三）当物质名词表示份数时例如： Our country is famous for tea Two teas ,please 4）抽象名词在一些固定词组中可用作
8、可数名词例如： take a walk catch a cold,.,5）可数名词和不可数名词表示复数时，用于修饰他们表示数量的词也不能乱用，有些只能修饰可数名词；有些只能修饰不可数名词；还有一些都可以修饰,.,注意1）People 是集体名词，但当民族讲时可以用复数Peoples2）以复数形式出现的书名,剧名报纸杂志名也是为单数例如：The Arabian is a very interesting story-book一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书3）表示有两部分构成的东西，若表示具体数目，要借用数量词pair,.,与众不同,NOUN.,scissors,shoes,pants,glas
9、ses,chopsticks,.,Fish作鱼讲时单复数同形可数；This is a fish 作鱼肉讲时，不可数;Eg:There is not much fish on the plate作各种鱼类讲时后面必须加-es构成复数Eg: He raises a lot of fish in the pool,.,名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、 宾语或主语。其构成法如下：（1）表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Childerns Day(儿童节), my sisters book(我姐姐的书)（2）以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers
10、Day(教师节)（3）如果两个名词并列并且都加s则表示分别有；只有s一个则表示共有例如：Johns and Mary Johns and Marys room roomJohn and Marys room（4）复数名词和短语， Johns and Marys room加在最后一个词的词尾例如：a month or twos leave,.,（5）有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. 如：todays newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息), Chinas population(中国的人口).（6）无论表示有
11、生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).,.,名词所有格所修饰的词的省略1） 在某些句子中，名词所有格所修饰的词，往往可以省略 Johns bike is better than Mikes.2 ）表示店铺、住家、公共建筑时，名词所有格后可省略名词 the doctors Mr. Blacks 3 ）the+姓氏复数，表示“一家人” the Smiths史密斯一家; 4）年份前面加the后面加-s,表示年代， 例如20世纪80年代， the 1980s 双重所有格: a friend of m
12、y sisters=one of my sisters friend, a picture of Mr. Li(s),.,五 名词的用法,1 作主语(句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体，人或事) The students are playing football now.2 作表语（放在系动词后表示主语的身份或特征） She is an English teacher.3 作宾语，包括及物动词和介词的宾语 （表示及物动词动作的对象） We are studying maths now. He often reads the newspaper before supper.4 作定语，主要修饰它后面
13、的名词 （限定或修饰名词、代词） This is a grammar book. This is a bicycle factory.,.,注：名词作定语时，除了man,woman用复数形式外，其他都不用复数形式，例如：a shoe shop, an apple tree,表示复数形式，two shoe shops, apple trees.5 作状语，主要用来表示时间、距离、长度、重量、程度、方式或价格等。可以单独作状语，也可以是名词词组作状语 （修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示时间、地点、状态、程度等含义） The film lasted an hour. The box weighs 20
14、kilograms. I go to school every day.6 作同位语We students must study hard.,.,指点迷津,Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me.A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed.The number of the students in our school _(is ,are) 2,000.The woman with two children _( is ,are ) coming here.Neither he nor I _(are, am ) an
15、 American.,is,is,is,is,am,NOUN.,.,指点迷津,6. Maths _(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.7. They are all _( woman, teachers ; women teachers).8. The population of China _(are, is ) over 1,300,000,000.9. There are many _(peoples,people )in the street in summer.10. One of the students _(have, has) gone t
16、o Shanghai.,is,is,women teachers,people,has,NOUN.,.,1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk. Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three in my family. A.people B. person
17、C. child 4. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,NOUN.,.,典型例题解析,The Browns is going to visit China. ( )The Browns are go
18、ing to visit China. ( )The young is dancing there. ( )The young are dancing there. ( )Physics are very difficult to learn. ( )Physics is very difficult to learn. ( )We have five Germen in this meeting. ( )We have five Germans in this meeting. ( )This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary. ( )This
19、 is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries. ( ),NOUN.,.,( ) 1. Please give me _ paper.A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 2. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass ( ) 3.Bill runs fast. He won the _ 800-metre race yesterday. Aboys Bboys Cboy Dboys . ( ) 4. So
20、me _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 5. In the picture there are many_ and two_.A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes C. sheep; foxes D. sheep;foxs,课时训练,D,D,B,A,C,选择填空：,NOUN.,.,( ) 6. This is not my cap, but my _. A. brothersB. brothersC. brother
21、sD. brother ( )7.They write most of their_ in English. A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters,B,B,NOUN.,.,( ) 8. _are_for cutting things. A. Knife, used B. Knives, using C. Knife, using D. Knives, used ( ) 9. John bought_for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoe
22、s B. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes( ) 10.Excuse me, where is the_? A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms,D,A,A,.,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing
23、 a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,NOUN.,.,8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. Septem
24、ber 10th is Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some . (knife)13. How much are these ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy),Lucys,minutes,vegetables,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,.,小结:1、名词的数的变化，以及不可数名词作主 语时的谓语。2、名词所有格的运用，双重所有格。3、名词的句法功能。4、名词的词型的变化。,
