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1、.,1,一、 完形填空的特点是什么？,完形填空是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在220-280左右。文中平均每隔16-20个词左右设空。学生通过推理判断，综合分析等将答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。选材多为记叙文。,.,2,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,（一）从文章结构看,首句通常不设空，以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。2. 短文设空平均密度为16-20个单词一个空。,中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的一个显著特点就是突出
2、语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。,.,3,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,（二）从语言层次看考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高。我们可以把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次,句子层次的设空,例：(某年中考英语试卷 完形填空四选一 保留原题号)I 90 you were very busy then helping your friend get ready for her wedding I am sure it was a success.A. remember B. explainC. hope D. e
3、xpect,答案：A,指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。,.,4,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,2. 句群层次的设空,前制性设空,后制性设空,指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目,即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。,指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案 的题目/下文某处有提示。,.,5,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,前制性设空例：It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to _ in
4、 front of all the teachers and students of my school! A. write B. speak C. sing D. dance,后制性设空例：1). Nobody _ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you dont like me ” A. believed B. liked C. hated D. knew 2). Country music comes from _ kinds of music. One is the traditional music of ta
5、ll mountain people in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West. A. many B. all C. two D. three,B,B,C,.,6,二、完形填空的设空规律有哪些？,3. 语篇性设空 I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, ho
6、ping to 1 him achieved all Id expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He will be a man. (最后一句话)( ) 1. A. comfort B. please C. attract D. educate,D,指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。,.,7,三、 真题演练,(中考试卷 完形填空) Sometimes you may not understand your parents. One minute theyre friendly, the next minut
7、e theyre shouting and screaming loudlyenough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 85 ? You, probably! When you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . Get into the habit of taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long youll be doing it without thinking. Even though you ma
8、y not realize it, your parents have bought you many clothes. But theyre not buying themselves new things every week, are they? The simple truth is that there are more 87 things to spend money on, like the electricity bill and food. You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives. The
9、y may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen. Even if you 88 , your parents wont change their minds. Parents like to show off their family. The best thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives. Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that
10、 theyll probably allow you to go to the next two 89 .,.,8,三、 真题演练,You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say youre not really hu
11、ngry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you arent eating enough. Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals. Finally, offer to 91 after the meal. Your offer may not be accepted, but your parents will be pleased.,( ) 85. A. friendly B. lonely C. changeable D. comfortable( ) 86. A. hang
12、them up B. leave them alone C. put them on D. throw them away( ) 87. A. interesting B. difficult C. important D. surprising( ) 88. A. agree B. complain C. listen D. win( ) 89. A. concertsB. meetingsC. classes D. parties( ) 90. A. In additionB. In return C. At most D. At last( ) 91. A. do the cooking
13、 B. lay the table C. buy some snacks D. wash the dishes,C,A,C,B,D,A,D,.,9,三、 真题演练,解析：85. （前制性设空）文章第一段提出，父母的态度往往会令你感到诧异，他们有时是那么友好，忽然间又会生气地大声嚷嚷，由此可以看出，他们的态度是那么地易变changeable。所以，本题答案为C。86. （句子层次的设空）青少年应该培养良好的生活习惯。例如，在家脱衣后应该及时挂上。B项leave them alone 表示“让它们独自留下”；C项put them up 表示“把他们穿上”；D项throw them away表示“把
14、它们扔掉”，以上答案显然均不符合文章意思，而A项hang them up 正是“把衣服挂上”的意思，所以答案为A。87. （后制性设空）家长会给孩子买许多衣服，但他们不会经常为自己购物，那是因为他们要考虑维持家庭生计，他们往往把钱花在更重要的事情上，所以答案为C。88. （前制性设空）你有时会去拜访那些无聊又年长的亲戚，他们会一遍又一遍地唠叨你小时候的乖巧可爱，而你只能洗耳恭听（They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen.）显然，你会对此而抱怨，但家长们仍不以为
15、然（ your parents wont change their minds.），所以本题答案为B。,.,10,三、 真题演练,解析：89. （前制性设空） 如果能帮助招待好你的亲戚，你的家长会感到十分满意，也会允许你出席以后的更多的这种聚会。选项A、B、C与聚会无关，应予淘汰。所以，本题答案为D。90. （语篇性设空）每日吃饭时，应该想到家长的艰辛。当你说你并不饿时，家长不但会有内心的不快，另外会担心你吃得过少而影响身体（Imagine how your parents feel when you say youre not really hungry. , your parents ar
16、e probably worried that you arent eating enough.）。根据文章内容，空格处应填入“除此之外”的意思，所以本题答案为A。91. （前制性设空）文章结尾告诫我们要少吃零食，要留出吃饭的空间（Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals.）。饭后也要提出帮助父母做些事情，尽管有时不会得到他们的许可。从四个选项中，我们可以看到D项符合饭后可做的事，A项do the cooking 表示“煮饭”，B项lay the table表示“摆餐具、饭桌”均发生在饭前，C项buy some snacks与上文“少吃零食”
17、的论述矛盾，所以答案为D。,.,11,四、 解题技巧点拨,（一）_。（二）_。（三）_。,细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意,理解词义，瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破,复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案，坚定信心,.,12,作答应注意的问题,1完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句一般是不设空的，要特别注重对首句的理解，因为它往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。,.,13,作答应注意的问题,2第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止。,.,14,作答应注意的问题,
18、3做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见树林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。,.,15,作答应注意的问题,4每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其它三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。,.,16,作答应注意的问题,5动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似
19、结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。,.,17,注意：要充分利用首句的标示作用 第一句往往是全篇的关键句，首句一般不设空，它有概括和预示全文大意的作用，是判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、大意的突破口，常含有解题和理解文章的有用信息。（when,where,who,what,how),注意：要注意尾句的提示和总结作用,故事的结局问题的结论幽默或富有哲理的结尾,注意：文章中有中文注释的单词,.,18,具体解题步骤,1、抓住首句，了解短文,2、通读全文，把握脉络,3、瞻前顾后，上下求索,4、再读文章，核查答案,勾划、研读首句尾句以及有中文注释的单词打开答题窗口，窥探全文。,跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意
20、文中的语篇标志，和句中的连词,捕捉关键词汇。,前后联系，先易后难。运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，划出语篇标志，找准关键词、定位词。,代入答案，再读全文，反复检查 争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。,少于1分钟,约10分钟,约2分钟,约2分钟,.,19,解题中的推测手段, 根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测： 根据语篇标志进行推测： 根据文化背景知识进行推测： 根据常识进行判断： 根据语法知识进行推测： 运用词汇知识推测答案：,并列关系,转折关系,因果关系,.,20,附：中考完形填空常考考点：常考动词：（未完请大家补充，交流。）动词占中考的35%十大动词 see watch look
21、notice let have make hear、listen to feel (help)表示“说”的say、speak、tell、talk表示“拿”的bring、take、carry、fetch、hold、get表示“到达”的reach、 arrive、 get：表示“借”的borrow lend keep 表示“花费”的cost、take、spend、pay (for)表示“穿戴”的put on、 wear、 haveon、 dress sb./oneself、 dress sb. in、 dress up (sb.) (in) 、be dressed in：表示“丢失”的lose、m
22、iss:表示“睡觉”的sleep、 go to bed、 go to sleep、 fall (drop) asleep、 be asleep:表示“喊叫”的shout、 cry：表示“能”的can、 be able to表示“忘”的forget、 leave其他：buy、sell get give know think play stop like love enjoy find,.,21,常考形容词：描述心情、感受的形容词happy sad worried tired描述品质的形容词: good nice fine great 描述性质的形容词: old young friendly, lovely, 描述数量的形容词: few a few little a little 常考副词：too either also yet however never ever still just even常考代词：Other others the other another 反身代词，不定代词常考连词：and but or so though until unless 等常考介词：at in on of about to for from,
