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1、占总分值的15,答题时间：30分钟,短文长度：不少于120个单词,给总体分，不分项给分,CET四、六级写作,时间要求,30分钟 1） 审题（3分钟） 2） 写作（25分钟） 3） 检查（2分钟） (语法（时态、冠词、主谓一致）、拼写、标点),CET四、六级写作,四级写作的体裁包括说明文、议论文和应用文写作的素材或要求可以是中文、英文和图表。 写作字数在120字左右，时间为30分钟 注意： 写作既考查思考判断能力，也考查表达能力。因此，应对一些校园生活、社会新闻和常识有一定的认识和见解，并能够有层次地、结构完整地在文章中清楚表达你的观点。,题型分析写作,大学英语四级写作通常采用三段论模式，即：
2、开头段(introduction) 主体段(body paragraph) 结尾段(conclusion)而段落的基本结构则是由主题句、支撑句和结尾句构成。,题型分析写作,需要注意的是，各种应用文体，如书信、告示、条据等，也是大纲所要求掌握的写作内容，不能忽略。总体说来，议论文要求逻辑严密，表达准确，而说明文则要求层次清晰，语言练达。平时进行写作练习时，应有意识地积累相关的典型句子，对大纲所要求的交际范围内的话题做适当的思考，以充实背景知识。,CET四、六级写作,应试作文的评分标准尽管描述语言不同，但都可以分为内容、组织和语言三个方面，如果是应用文，还要看语域(主要指语言使用是否符合场合)和格
3、式。内容按照题目提纲扩展即可；组织除了要注意段与段之间的连贯与衔接之外，还要特别注意考生最容易忽略的句与句之间的逻辑性；最难提高的是语言，即用词的丰富性和句子的复杂性。要拿到新四级写作高分，就必须在语言上有所起色，语言是绕不过去的一个心结，那么语言突破之路，到底在何方呢？。,CET-4 Writing,应试作文的评分标准尽管描述语言不同，但都可以分为内容、组织和语言三个方面，如果是应用文，还要看语域(主要指语言使用是否符合场合)和格式。CET作文题采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores），而不是按照语言点的错误数目扣分。,1.
4、 阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。2阅卷人员更具阅卷标准，若认为所阅文章与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为锁钥文章稍逊或稍低列于该分数则可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。3. 评分标准 2分 - 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。,二、评分标准,5分 - 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差；有较多的严重语言错误（2/3错句，1/3对句）。8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。(1/3错句，严重错误最多3处)11分 - 切题。表达思想清楚，
5、文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。（4-5处错）。14分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯、通顺，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。（个别小错最多3处）,评分标准,语言突破 如何写句子,用简单句写复杂思想 简单句包括S+V(主谓句)，S+V+O(主谓宾)，S+V+O+O(主谓宾宾)，S+V+O+C(主谓宾宾补)，S+V+C(主系表)，复杂一些的句子无不是由这些简单句演变而来的。,语言突破如何写句子,例如写这句话：”大学生刚刚毕业就想立刻找到高薪的工作是不可能的”。一般我们的反应是要用Itisimpossibleforsb.todosth.这样的句型，然后想着往里填词：在sb.的位置填上“刚刚毕业的大学生”
6、，在不定式的位置填上“找到高薪的工作”，如下所示：Itisimpossiblefor刚刚毕业的大学生to找到高薪的工作.,那么“刚刚毕业的大学生”怎么写？英语里面好像找不到一个表示“刚刚毕业的”形容词放在大学生前面，所以就要用定语从句，写成：collegestudentswhohavejustgraduated如果graduated不会写，先写成left；然后怎么写“高薪的”，英语里面也没有这样一个形容词放在jobs的前面，所以用定语从句，写成tofindjobswhichcangivethemalotofmoney。这样这个句子将写成：Itisimpossibleforcollegestud
7、entswhohavejustgraduatedtofindjobswhichcangivethemalotofmoney.这样将两个定语从句放在这个句型里面，实在是太容易犯错了。,实际上，刚刚毕业的大学生可以写成：newly-graduatedstudents,而高薪的工作可以写成well-paidjobs将这两个短语放进去，成为：Itisimpossiblefornewly-graduatedstudentstofindwell-paidjobs，与上面的定语从句相比会获得更高的分数。,如何谋篇,1.审题审查作文的题材和体裁：议论文，说明文和应用文议论文要求逻辑严密，表达准确。说明文则要求
8、层次清晰，语言练达。应用文还要看语域(主要指语言使用是否符合场合)和格式。,2.善于借助已给提纲四、六级作文往往给出提纲，这大大节省了考生的构思时间。所以考生要借助提纲理解出题者的真正意图，然后无额定提纲中的关键词及个要点间的逻辑，整理自己的思路，对自己所想到的内容进行组织和安排。,如何谋篇,3.确定主题句审完题后，写作的第一步就是确定主题句，主题句既能保证不跑题，又能帮助制定写作思路。而写主题句最保险的方法就是翻译中文提纲。,4.组织段落构思好之后，恰当的运用连词，合理安排段落，使文章条理清楚，内容连贯。段落的组织主要通过扩展句对主题句进行支持和说明。5.结尾部分的内容一定要和自己先前表达的
9、主题一致，切忌自相矛盾。,2010年12月作文,How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立，父母应该,Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work, marriage, etc. Some parents
10、believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy childrens independence thoroughly.,For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent. The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity
11、 of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childhood. Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.,The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parents
12、 trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.,四、六级写作开篇表达方法,使用引语（use a quotation）使用一段名人名言，或人们常用的谚语、习语，以确定文章的写作范围和方向。2B or not 2B, that is a ?引用具体或粗略的数据 （use figures or statistics）当然对于图表题型，该种方法是必须的选择，具体做法是给出一些具体或粗略的数据，然后作出概括性分析，点明主题或引出需要论述的问题。As is demonstrated in the table, in 2
13、004, there are 500,000 unemployed graduates, ,提出问题（ask a question）提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题，然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短讨论。Is it love ? Definitely ,it is only to destroy childrens independence thoroughly.主题句法（use of topic sentence）文章一开始就以主题句点明全文主题，然后围绕主题内容进行发展。,四、六级写作开篇表达方法,开篇的常用核心句型：, As opposed to generally accepted vie
14、ws, I believe that The arguer may be right about , but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that . Although it is commonly agreed that , it is unlikely to be true that ., There is an element of truth in this statement, but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that . Although it is commonly agr
15、eed that , it is unlikely to be true that .,There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of . Those who object to argue that . But people who favor , on the other hand, argue that. Currently （In recent years / In the past few years / For many years now）, there is （has been） a（n） general （wi
16、despread / growing / widely held） feeling towards （concern over / attitude towards / trend towards / awareness of / realization of / illusion of / belief in）.,开篇的常用核心句型：, As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that . Now it is commonly （widely / generally / increasingly） believed （thought / he
17、ld / accepted/ felt / recognized / acknowledged） that . But I wonder （doubt） whether ,开篇的常用核心句型：,议论文体裁,要求考生根据题目给出的论点，按照所给提纲的要求对其进行论证，然后表明自己的立场和观点。写作要点如下：表明观点，提出论点；论证观点，以事实或数据为依据论证；得出结论表明或表明个人的看法2011年12月“ Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will”,Success depends on many factors, both physical and spiri
18、tual. However，mental factors like a strong will are far more decisive in enabling us to achieve success. For example, despite our repeated efforts to quit smoking, our lack of a strong discipline would still cause us to end up in failure。(论点),Although“All roads lead to Rome”, none of them is complet
19、ely smooth. Our life is filled with obstacles which may make us feel so hopeless that we may choose to give up.,At the crucial moment, strong determination helps a lot. As a matter of fact, the ability to work through difficult situation and unfortunate events with strong will can make one stronger
20、and more capable. In other words, if we want to realize lifes goal, we must keep forging ahead with strong consciousness.(论证),From what has been discussed above, we can see that a strong will is of great importance to everyone in life.Please bear in mind, “Where there is will, there is a way” . What
21、ever we do, as long as we stick to and do not give up easily, we will achieve it finally. (收尾),图表知多少？table 表格图line graph 曲线图bar chart 柱状图column chart 柱状图pie graph 饼状图diagram 布局图/流程图cartoon 漫画,图表体裁,Whats this?,Diagram,Chart,Table,Graph,cartoon,写作要领,根据图表所展示的内容作为论据对主题进行讨论（进行相应的分析和概括，或对趋势进行预测），然后得出合乎情理的
22、结论。建议1:做首位比较或极值比较，即把时间最早的与最晚的信息作比较或者把最高点和最低点作比较。 2: 对图表描述后的概括、发现或议论一般以分析原因为主，要注意符合图表的本意。 3: 文章的结论可以是对全文的归纳，也可以是对未来的一种预测。注意正确使用动词的时态 。,图表作文写作要点,(1)考生应仔细研究题目以及提示信息，认清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，抓住其主要特点，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定内容层次以及主题句。 (2)考生应该仔细研究图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要，最有代表性的信息，然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息。切忌简单地罗列图表所给出的信息
23、。,图表作文写作要点,(3)图表作文一般采用的时态为一般现在时，但如果图表中给出了具体时间参照，考生则应对时态进行相应的调整。(4)图表作文有一些固定句型和表达法，考生应对此融会贯通。,图表作文写作要点,As can be seen from/in the chart/diagram/table/graph. Accordingto/AsisshownintheTable/Figure/Chart. It can be seen from the chart/diagram/table/graph/figures/statistics that. From the table/figures/
24、data/results/ information above, it can/may be seen/concluded/shown/estimated/calculated/inferred that.,图表作文写作要点,5)图表作文可以细分为表格，曲线图、柱形图和饼形图。 表格可以表示多种事物的相互关系，所以考生要对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。 曲线图常表示事物的变化趋势，考生应认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。 柱形图用来表示各种事物的变化情况及相互关系，要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态
25、发展趋势，因此考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。 饼形图表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系，旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切片的饼形图所传达的信息。考生应清楚掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。,图表作文写作要点,(6)列出各段主题句。考生可以根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句，为全文的展开做好铺垫。(7)围绕主题句完成段落的展开。尽量做到主题明确、条理清楚、文字简练。,基本提纲模式,第一部分：图表描述。简单描述图表所揭示的某种社会现象的变化发展情况；第二部分：原因或根源。阐述导致这种社会现象或发展
26、变化的深层次原因；第三部分：结论或评论。对这种社会现象进行利弊评述，也可以简述个人观点或对这种趋势可 能造成的后果进行预测。,以描述变化为主的,描述图表反映的问题,描述图表的变化,结论,以原因为主的,描述图表的信息,分析变化的原因,得出结论,模板1,首段 Nowadays, there are more and more in some big cities . It is estimated that（用具体数据说明现象） 正文 Why have there been so many? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first
27、 one is that（原因一） Besides, （原因二） The third reason is（原因三） 结尾 To sum up, the main cause of XX is due to（主要原因） It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, （解决建议一） For another, （解决建议二） All these measures will certainly reduce/enhance,模板2,首段 It is obvious in the graphic / table that
28、 the rate / number / amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up / grown / fallen / dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of Y1. 正文 What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are reasons behind the situation reflected in
29、 the graphic / table. First of all, （第一个原因）. More importantly, （第二个原因）. Most important of all, （第三个原因）.,模板2,结尾 From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic / table will continue for quite a long time (if necessar
30、y measures are not taken.),对“上升” 的描述：V. increase / go up / soar / rise / grown. an increase / a growth / a jump/ a soar / an upward trend,对“下降” 的描述：V. fall / decrease / go down / collapse / decline / dropn. a collapse / a decrease / a fall / a decline / a drop,如何描述：主语 动词by +数据主语动词副词,表示程度的副词 程度较大 con
31、siderably / dramatically / greatly / obviously / quickly / sharply / rapidly / significantly / suddenly,表示程度的副词 程度较小slightly / gradually / slowly / steadily,对“百分比”的描述.accounts for % of the totaltakes up % in the whole chart,表示“倍数”的句型 doubled / tripled,如何表示比例 20 percent / 20% one in three / 1/3 one o
32、ut of every four / 1/4,常用套句：The number of increased by %The number of dropped by %The most rapid increase of all the four aspects was . As the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impresive.From the diagram it can be safely concluded thatThis bar cha
33、rt reflects several trends.,A Worthy Investment,第一段：简要描述图表内容(2-3句话)As is shown above, the chart clearly demonstrates /reflects the relationship between the education level and employment in 2010. It is obvious that well-educated persons such as those owning Doctoral degree and Masters degreehave a r
34、elatively higher employment than those who have low degree.,A Worthy Investment,第二段：从正反俩方面论述教育与就业的关系However ，peoples opinions about investment in education differ from person to person. Quite a few people still hold the opinion that a higher education does no good to a better job since that there ar
35、e many university students who can not get an ideal job. To them, it is not only a waste of money, but also a waste of time.,Others deem that education is worthy of investing. It is no doubt that education offers favorable working opportunity and handsome income, which will definitely ensure people
36、a promising future.,A Worthy Investment,第三段：结尾重申自己的观点(必须是正面的！)In conclusion，we should realize the significance of education. As the proverb goes”Knowledge is power”. Education pays, sooner or later.,Fast Reading(2012.12),(1) 1-7 B C B A D C D 8. closed and inflexible 9. combined 10.creating a realit
37、y of his own,Fast Reading(2012.12),(2) 1-7 D C A A D B C 8.hazards 9. tightened 10. comparatively easier to get / slightly more convenient,Fast Reading(2012.12),(3) 1-7 C B D C A A D8. their conditions 9. the private sector 10. obligations,Reading in Depth (2012.12),(1) 47N 48D 49M 50B 51I 52L 53O 54G 55F 56E (2) 47O 48D 49G 50J 51H 52K 53B 54M 55L 56N(3) 47N 48H 49G 50A 51B 52J 53E 54O 55M 56L,(1) 57-61 CBACD 62-66 DCBAA(2) 57-61 BCBDA 62-66 CABDC (3) 57-61 ADBCA 62-66 BADCB,Reading Comprehension (2012.12),
