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1、Francis Bacon,Of Marriage And Single Life,英国文学选读,1,PPT课件,Francis Bacon,Selected Readings of his Essays,Return,2,PPT课件,Famous essays,Advancement of Learning 1605New Instrument 1620New Atlantis 1626,Return,3,PPT课件,Introduction,Knowledge is power. Bacons real claim to fame is: not that he, as the lord
2、chancellor(议院议员）, in 1621, was removed from office for accepting a litigants bribe（受贿）; nor, that he was the real writer of the Shakespearean plays (one of the controversies in English literature, the “Baconian controversy”); but rather Francis Bacon is known as a philosopher, one of the first order
3、.,Return,4,PPT课件,Bacon delineated（描述） the principles of the inductive method（归纳法）, which constituted a breakthrough in the approach to science, even though philosophers and scientists of the day, - and seemingly today, yet repudiated（否认） both his theories and methodology, alike.,Return,5,PPT课件,Franc
4、is Bacon was born at London. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, at the age of twelve. He studied law and became a barrister in 1582; two years later he took a seat in the House of Commons. His opposition, in 1584, to Queen Elizabeths tax program retarded his political advancement. While in the e
5、arlier days he supported the earl of Essex, Bacon, in 1601, was involved in his prosecution. With the accession of James I (1566-1625) and thereafter, a number of honors were bestowed on Bacon: he was knighted(爵士） in 1603, made Solicitor General in 1604, Attorney General in 1613, and Lord Chancellor
6、 in 1618.,Return,6,PPT课件,He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they areimpediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. 成了家的人，可以说对命运之神付出了抵押品。因为家庭难免拖累事业，而无论这种事业的性质如何。,Return,7,PPT课件,Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have procee
7、ded from the unmarried or childless men; which both in affection and means, have married and endowed the public. 所以是能为公众献身人，应当是不被家室所累的人。因为只有这种人，才能够把他的全部爱情和财产，都奉献给唯一的情人公众。,Return,8,PPT课件,Yet it were great reason that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times; unto which they
8、 know they must transmit their dearest pledges. 而那种有家室的人，恐怕宁愿把最好的东西留给自己的后代。,Return,9,PPT课件,n. Hostage(1) & Impediment(2),(1) a prisoner who is held by one party to insure that another party will meet specified terms人质，抵押品,(2) sth immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress 妨碍、阻碍某事物进
9、展或活动的人或物; any structure that makes progress difficult身体上的某类残疾, 缺陷,Return,10,PPT课件,Endow .Vt,1.give qualities or abilities（向学校等机构）捐钱, 捐赠, 资助，赋予 Eg. He endowed a bed in a hospital. 他向医院捐赠了一张病床。 2.furnish with an endowment 使(某人)天生具有(好资质、能力等) Eg. This country is favorably endowed climatically. 这个国家的气候得天
10、独厚。,Return,11,PPT课件,Impertinent adj. Rude and not showing respect for sb Impertinence n .Covetous： adj. Having a strong desire for the things that other people have 贪婪的Except to: 反对 Abate: v. become less strong or to make sth less strong 减弱 Eg: The storm showed no signs of abating.Abatement: n,Words
11、:,Return,12,PPT课件,Restrain : 1.v .stop sb/sth from doing sth . 管制，阻止，禁止 Eg: The prisoner had to be restrained by the police.2. Stop yourself from feeling an emotion or doing sth that you would like to do . 约束， 控制 Eg: She had to restrain herself from crying out in pain. 她只是忍住痛苦，不哭出来.3. To stop sth th
12、at is growing or increasing from becoming too large. 抑制， 控制,Return,13,PPT课件,Eg: The government is taking step to restrain inflation. 政府采取措施抑制通货膨胀.Humorous : adj . 1. Funny and entertaining 2.性情乖张的Shackles: 1. to put shackles on sb. 给某人带上镣铐 2. to prevent sb from behaving or speaking as they want. 束缚，
13、 阻挠，成为的束缚,Return,14,PPT课件,Some there are, who though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences. Nay, there are some other, that account wife and children, but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men, tha
14、t take a pride, in having no children, because they may be thought so much the richer. 有的人在结婚后仍然愿意过独身生活。因为他们不喜欢家庭，把妻子儿女看作经济上的累赘。还有一些富人甚至以无子嗣为自豪。也许他们是担心，一旦有了子女就瓜分现有的财产吧。,Return,15,PPT课件,But the most ordinary cause of a single life, is liberty, especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds, w
15、hich are so sensible of every restraint, as they will go near to think their girdles and garters, to be bonds and shackles. 有一种人过独身生活是为了保持自由，以避免受约束于对家庭承担的义务和责任。但这种人，可能会认为腰带和鞋带，也难免是一种束缚呢！,Return,16,PPT课件,Some people,Some other people,Some foolish rich covetous,People in certain self-pleasing and humo
16、rous minds,They account future impertinence.,They account wife and children but as bills of charges.,They take a pride in having no children , because they may be thought so much richer,They like liberty, and are sensible of every restraint , as they will go near to think their girdles and garters t
17、o be bonds and shackles.,Return,17,PPT课件,Words：,1.Subject a person who has the right to belong to a particular country, especially one with a king or queen （尤指君主制国家的）国民，臣民 E.g. A British/ French subject2. Light adj (work/exercise) easy to do; not making you tired E.g. After his accident he was moved
18、 to lighter work.3.fugitive n. （from sb /sth）a person who has escaped or is running away from somewhere and is trying to avoid being caught逃窜犯 E.g. a fugitive from justice,Return,18,PPT课件,4. Charity noun. (formal) kindness and sympathy towards other people, especially when you are judging them 仁爱；宽容
19、 E.g. Her article showed no charity to towards her former friends.5. Indifferent adj. not very good E.g. The festival has the usual mixture of filmsgood, bad and indifferent.6. Corrupt adj. of people willing to use their power to do dishonest or illegal things in return for money or to get an advant
20、age 贪污受贿的；徇私舞弊的 E.g. corrupt officials accepting bribes,Return,19,PPT课件,7. Put sb in mind of sb/sth to make sb think of sb/sth; to remind sb of sb/sth Put/get sth out of your mind to deliberately forget sb/sth8. Despise verb. to dislike and have no respect for sb/sth鄙视；瞧不起 E.g. she despised gossip i
21、n any form. 9.Means the money that a person has 财富；钱财 E.g. people should pay according to their means.按负担能力消费,Return,20,PPT课件,10.Vulgar adj. rude and likely to offend粗野 E.g. She found their laughter and noisy games coarse and rather vulgar11.Facile adj. produced without effort or careful thought E.g
22、. A facile remark 信口开河12.Base baser basest not having moral principles or rules卑鄙的 E.g. He acted from base motives.动机卑鄙13.Call upon call on; request号召；要求,Return,21,PPT课件,1.Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants，but not always best subjects. repeat words more powerful2. Certainly
23、 wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity. metaphor vivid3. For if they be facile and corrupt, you shall have a servant, five times worse than a wife. 4.Turks & Ulysses Argumentation，take some examples to demonstrate and support the arguments,Return,22,PPT课件,实际上，那些独身者也许可以成为我们生活中最好的朋友，最
24、好的主人，最好的仆人。但是他们却很难成为最好的公民。因为他们随时随地毫无挂牵地迁徙和流浪，尽情逃之夭夭。所以几乎所有的流窜犯都是一些无家可归的人。 真正的独身者也许可以献身宗教事业，做一个合格的僧侣。献身宗教的博爱者是最有理由保持独身的。否则，他们胸中的慈爱就会首先献给自己的家人，而不是去供奉上帝了。一份慈爱之心需要浇灌家庭田园之后，才能更加从容悠然地灌溉广大土地。,Chinese Translation：,Return,23,PPT课件,作为法官或者仲裁者的人是不是独身，关系并不大。因为他们常常之所以缺少主见，贪赃枉法，原因就在于他们身边常有败坏的随从进奉谗言，而其蛊惑能力足以抵上枕旁的妻子
25、。作为一名军人，他们拥有家室是一件好事。因为我发现，家庭的荣誉和自尊，可以激发他们身上的责任和斗志。军人之勇也是家庭的象征。关于这一点，我们也可以从身边土耳其人生活中的婚姻与家庭事例中得到旁证。土耳其的民间风俗中有些不大重视婚姻和家庭，结果士兵的斗志就差一些,Return,24,PPT课件,人对于家庭的责任心，不仅仅是对我们自己的一种限制和约束。责任心也是一种人生训练。我们可以看到，生活当中有一部分坚持独身的人，不但在花钱方面大手大脚，挥霍无度，而且他们的心肠往往也坚硬无比。因为他们平时缺少家庭之爱，所以几乎不大懂得怎样关爱别人。这种人表面上少有柔情，他们适合做职业打手或法官。生活中某一种良好
26、的生活风俗，常常能够自然而然地教化出情感坚贞、道德严谨的男子汉。正如尤利西斯,他具有的超级情感，能够强力抵制美丽女神的超级诱惑，从而保持自己对妻子的忠贞。,Return,25,PPT课件,Words,Chaste贞洁的，忠贞的To remain chaste纯洁的A chaste kiss简朴的，务实的，不修饰的The cool，chaste interior of the hallReputedGenerally thought to be sth or to have done sth, although this is nor certain所谓，普遍认为，号称,Return,26,PP
27、T课件,独身的女人常常是骄横和目空一切的，因为贞洁就是她们的资本,Chaste women are often proud and froward, as presuming upon the merit of their chastity.,Return,27,PPT课件,如果妻子认为自己的丈夫是明智的，那么不论是贞洁还是顺从，都是一种最好的契约。但如果妻子发现她的丈夫是妒忌多疑的，那么她绝不会这么做。,It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husb
28、and wise; which she will never do, if she find him jealous.,Return,28,PPT课件,妻子就丈夫而言，是年轻人的主人，中年人的伴侣，老年人的保姆。这就是男子可以按照他的意愿，想在哪个年龄阶段就在哪个阶段娶妻的缘由。,Wives are young mens mistresses; companions for middle age; and old mens nurses. So as a man may have a quarrel to marry, when he will. So as a man may have a
29、quarrel to marry, when he will.,Return,29,PPT课件,But yet he was reputed one of the wise men, that made answer to the question, when a man should marry,- A young man not yet, an elder man not at all. 但也有一位古代哲人，对于男人应该在何时结婚的这个问题上是这样说的：“年纪少时不应当，年纪老时没必要！”,Return,30,PPT课件,It is often seen that bad husbands
30、, have very good wives; whether it be, that it raiseth the price of their husbands kindness, when it comes; or that the wives take a pride in their patience.常可见到许多不出色的丈夫却有一位非常好的妻子。不知道这是否是丈夫难得的和善所以才显得那么可贵？亦或是伴随这种丈夫，妻子所表现出的强大耐心连她自己都觉得骄傲吧？,Return,31,PPT课件,如果这类水准的坏丈夫是她们自己选择的，甚至是不顾亲友的劝告而选择的，那么就让她自己去品尝这枚果
31、实的滋味吧。,But this never fails, if the bad husbands were of their own choosing, against their friends consent; for then they will be sure to make good their own folly.,Return,32,PPT课件,Of Marriage And Single Life,Fortune,Single men marry and endow the publicFamily men transmit the best things to their p
32、ledges,Return,33,PPT课件,Reasons for a single life,Selfishness Account wife and children as bills of charges; thought to be richer if having no children.Liberty Self-pleasing and humorous minds that regard wife and children as restraint.,Return,34,PPT课件,Reasons for a single life,Selfishness Account wi
33、fe and children as bills of charges; thought to be richer if having no children.Liberty Self-pleasing and humorous minds that regard wife and children as restraint.,Return,35,PPT课件,Best friends,Best masters,Best servants,Unmarried men,Not best subjects - light to run away,Return,36,PPT课件,Professiona
34、l preference,Churchmen-Charity will hardly water the ground, where it must first fill a pool. Judges and magistrates-If they be facile and corrupt, you shall have a servant, five times worse than a wife.Soldiers-The generals commonly in their hortatives, put men in mind of their wives and children.,
35、Return,37,PPT课件,Humane discipline,Single men Charitable hard-heartedGrave natures Example of UlyssesChaste women Proud & froward Men Women,wise,jealous,chastity,obedient,Return,38,PPT课件,To Marry or Not?,Wives are young mens mistresses; companions for middle age; and old mens nurses. A young man not
36、yet, an elder man not at all.,Bad husbands Good wives,Plus,Raises the price of their husbands kindness,Wives take a pride in their patience,All about their own chioces,Return,39,PPT课件,Personalities,Family menResponsible Patient Kind-heartedStrong-mindedEnthusiasticperseverant,Single menIrresponsible
37、 SelfishFacileSelf-centeredFugitiveHard-hearted,Return,40,PPT课件,Own perspectiveprefer marriage to single life,Marriage makes men good qualified. Eg. Be responsible to family and nationAlthough unhappy things exist in marriage, it makes the society harmonious and stable.Single life does no good to so
38、ciety, except for their selfishness.,Return,41,PPT课件,Wives are young mens mistresses; companions for middle age; and old mens nurses.My opinion: A bit biased- men are superior women are at low position They are companions for each other,Return,42,PPT课件,Summary,Of Marriage and Single Life has its essential attitude towards life.Different people have different opinions at different times.We should have our own perspectives in critical thoughts about it.,Return,43,PPT课件,
