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1、浅谈小学英语测试命题技术,房山区教师进修学校小学教研室,1,测试的性质,公平公正练习题不等于测试题评价是教学的一个环节测试题目要有教育意义，但主要是评价意义评价学生会了什么，能做什么评价对教学的反拨作用,考察？考查？,2,The three periods 测试的三个阶段,1设计阶段 Design2编制阶段 Operationalization3 执行（实施）阶段 Administration,3,The first period: Design 设计阶段,What do you want to test? 测量什么？What are your testing objectives?测试的目的
2、 ?How many items can you involve in the test?你认为哪些方面是需要测量的？How do you want to balance your items?你计划如何分布各个领域的权重？你计划如何赋分？What is your construct validity?你如何体现你的构想效度？What is the impact on your students?How many students are to involve in the test?,4,编制阶段Operationalization,Writing the test blueprint编制测
3、试蓝图Forming the structure of the test确定试卷结构Designing the tasks 设计大题Writing the items设计小题Revising and constructing the whole test整合试卷Scoring赋分Editing 编辑、修订,5,1编制测试蓝图,A.试卷结构 (Test Structure)(1)试题数量Number of parts and tasks(2)试题重点Salience of parts and tasks(3)试题顺序 Sequence of parts and tasks (4)试题之间的相关性
4、 Relative importance of parts and tasks (5)试题中小题的数量 Number of tasks per part（6）试卷形式The format of the test （7）页码数量The number of pages（8）试卷的大小The size of the test book,6,B. 试卷的具体特点Features,目的 Purpose构想的界定Definition of construction施测的条件与环境Setting时间分配Time allotment指导语Instruction语言输入的特点Characteristics of
5、 Input预期学生反馈的特点Characteristicsof expected responses计分方法Scoring method,7,2.搭建试卷框架,(1)试卷由几个部分( Parts)组成 (2)部分由几个大题(Tasks)组成 (3)大题由几个小题(Items)组成 (4)题型及其测试功能 (5)知识目标分布 (6)技能目标分布 (7)综合应用目标分布,8,形式指标,1）文本的大小2）文本成分（如试题，附表，附加题）3）非文本形式（录音，录像等）4）版式5）语言的形式 - 书面的测试输入信息 - 录音的测试输入信息 - 指导语的语种 - 指导语的年龄关照 - 指导语的明确程度6
6、）图文的配合,9,3. 编写试题,(1)选择素材(即原始语料) (2)对应题型 (3)改写素材 (4)编写试题 (5)调整难度 (6)修改试题 (7)整体平衡(各大题难度，内容分布等) (8)版式设计(文字，图表，图画，注解) (9)撰写绘图说明或提供草图 (10)校对(含校对图表和图画)(11)定第一稿,10,4.整合试卷,(1)全面评价构想效度 (2)局部调整 (3)做题思路检验(试做试题) (4)发现问题 (5)局部改写 (6)局部更换(在成稿后，此步往往被忽略) (7)完成试卷 (8)制备附件(录音稿，答案),11,5. 细化赋分系统,(1)总分 (2)大题分值及整体权重 (3)小题分
7、值 (4)高分值的细分 (5)不可细分的高分值限度(如写话总分的控制) (6)最小分值(避免0.5分) (7)细化赋分与试题总量的关系,12,试题命制的基本原则,试题命制的基本程序试题命制的基本要求,13,试题命制的基本程序,1确定全卷的难度和考点2根据考点编写确定题干和选项3写选项（以受试者环绕本题的考 点可能会产生的反应为依据）4修整题干和选项（简洁、排列）5调整全卷的难度和答案的分布,14,Elements of multiple choice 1）多项选择题的结构,15,2）题干设计,- 语境设置：图画、图表、语段- 要素分析（语言、逻辑、语用）- 测试点:一题一个 - 题干调整：简洁
8、，不给暗示,16,situational and meaning. (题干调整),Look! Nancy is _ a kite in the park.A. flyB. flies C. flying Look! Nancy _ a kite in the park.A. flyB. flies C. is flying _ is it? Its my mothers.A. WhatB. Who C. Whose_ it? Its my mothers.A. WhatsB. Whos C. Whose is,17,题干中可能重复出现的单词不要出现在选项中,Whats the matter w
9、ith him?A. His arm hurts B. His shoulder hurts C. His finger hurtsWhats the matter with him? His _ hurts. A. arm B. shoulder C. finger,Picture 1,18,题干中应避免泄露答案,Look! The monkey has a long _ . A. short B. tail C. leg在编写试题时，除了避免试题本身泄露答案以外，还应注意一套试题中前后是否泄露前后题答案之处,19,避免暗示或错误答案,1.The car is _ than that one
10、.A. bigB. more bigC. bigerD. bigger2.They are _ the floor.A. sweep B. sweeping C. sweeps D. sweepping,20,选项要简洁,Where is Ann going? A. She is going to the zoo. B. She is going to the park. C. She is going to the museum.,Listening,21,试题命制的基本要求,1语言正确、地道、得体、简洁 语言测试以何为纲？ 意义（信息），还是形式（语码）？2避免由于文化等造成的偏颇性3考点
11、明确4 避免出诡题（tricky items）5 避免透露答案线索,22,避免由于文化等造成的偏颇性,Its one of the biggest cities in America. A. New York B. Beijing C. Toronto,23,情景与语言的得体,周末妈妈要带你去溜冰,在商场买溜冰鞋时,售货员问你A. How big are your feet?B. How tall are you?C. How big are your hands?,24,情景与语言的得体,When you are doing shopping for skating, the sales g
12、irl asks：A. Whats the size of your shoes?B. Where did you get the coat?C. How big are your bags?,25,考点明确,考点应属于本大题的测试领域 立足于每题只考一个考点，或考能够糅合为一的多个考点（考点因素），但必须避免牵扯不相关、互相干扰的考点每题无论是一个或几个考点，但考点必须明确,26,Lucy _ to school by bus. _mother goes to work on foot. A. goes, His B. goes, Her C. is going, She,Lucy goes
13、 to school by bus，and _ mother goes to work on foot. A. his B. her C. theirLucy _ to school by bus, but her mother goes to work on foot. A. goes B. go C. is going,27,考点？,Jacks uncle is _astronaut. _ is 40. A. a, She B. the, She C. an, HeWe _ be good to wild animals. We _ hunt them.A. shouldnt should
14、 B. should shouldnt C. should should,28,答案的唯一,Do you have _water? Yes, I do.A. some B. any C. a,- Do you have _water? - Yes, I do.A. some/any B. little C. few,29,干扰项的命制（MC）,选择项不能互相牵连、覆盖选择项尽可能一致（长短、结构、类属、难度）,30,选择项的一致,3. How do Chinese people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival? A. They have a big dinn
15、er with their family, enjoy the moon and the moon cakes and tell the story of Change .B. Give thanks to God.C. People eat turkey and pumpkin pies.,31,Listen and choose（根据录音选择正确答案，读三遍）1. After you play some sport, you feel_. A. thirsty B. hungry C. tired2. So you want to _. A. have a meal B. drink so
16、me water or juice C. have a rest3. Anything cold is _for your stomach. A. good B. warm C. bad4.If you are ill, your parents will _you. A. worry about B. talk to C. look at5.If you are ill, you cant _. A. go to school B. play outside C. A and B,A or B,选项的牵连、覆盖、穿帮,32,选项排列方式要适当,A. B. C. D. A. C. A. B.
17、B. D. C. D.A. B. C. D.,33,4）设计失误分析,- 题干无语境- 题干过短，题支过长- 随意干扰- 干扰性过弱- 各干扰项的内容交叉：无法选- 选项长度失衡- 题干包含多余信息,34,不同题型试题的命制,试题的指示语听力理解试题语言知识考查试题阅读理解试题书面表达试题,35,试题的指示语,听力部分笔试部分,听力部分语言知识部分语言综合运用部分,36,试题的指示语,看图听短文，想一想大家在做什么，将人物与事情用线条连接。短文读三遍。Listen and choose (听对话，想一想对话中人物谈论了什么事情，根据问句选择相应的答语，将标号填写在括号内。每段对话读三遍。),简
18、洁、明晰,37,试题的指示语,看图听短文，想一想大家在做什么，将人物与事情用线条连接。短文读三遍。看图听独白，将人物与事情连线。短文读三遍。,简洁、明晰,38,试题的指示语,Listen and choose (听对话，想一想对话中人物谈论了什么事情，根据问句选择相应的答语，将标号填写在括号内。每段对话读三遍。)听对话回答问题。每段对话读三遍。 将答案的标号填写在括号内,简洁、明晰,39,试题的指示语,听短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。短文读三遍。 ( )1. Name A. JohnB. JackC. Joe( )2. AgeA. 8B. 9C. 10,明晰？,听5段对话，回答5个问题,听第
19、二段对话，回答2、3题。,40,试题的指示语,将左右两边相关联的词用线连接起来。 visit the flowers cook the violin play the phone water dinner answer grandparents,A组,B组,41,试题的指示语,将A、B栏中的动词与名词搭配连线。A B visit the flowers cook the violin play the phone water dinner answer grandparents,42,试题的指示语,一致性,43,试题的指示语,Name,Age,Favorite,一致性,44,Listen an
20、d number(根据你听到的单词为下面的图标出顺序号，读两遍10%),明确？,45,听力理解试题,选材的多样化与语言的真实性设计在倾听中能够解决的问题听力理解试题的难度与区分度设计,46,听力理解微技能,理解主旨和要义获取具体的、事实性的信息对所听内容作出判断理解说话者的意图、观点和态度,47,听力理解试题,边听边选听后答题听后做事边听边记笔记,48,直接性还是间接性的考题？,一判断下列单词的划线部分的发音是否相同，把与其它三个不同的字母代号填在括号里。(每题1分，共5分) ( ) 1. A. name B. take C. same D. map( ) 2. A. word B. shor
21、t C. world D. work,When? Why?,49,设计不同层面的问题,Where is the man? A. He is in a restaurant. B. He is in a hospital. C. He is in a shop.,50,设计不同层面的问题,Where is the man? A. In a restaurant. B. In a hospital. C. Is in a shop.What are they talking about?What are they going to do next?,51,Look at this boy. He
22、is from England. And he lives in London. His name is Tom and he is 12 years old. Tom is an active boy. He is crazy about basketball and he can play it very well. Sometimes he plays basketball with Happy his pet dog. Toms favourite colour is blue. So he always wears a blue T-shirt or blue jeans. He w
23、ants to make new friends with Chinese children. You can write e-mail to him. This is his e-mail address: happy223yahoo.,Happy*2 yahoo,52,Spot dictation,Mr. Green is our _ teacher. He is from America. Hes _. Hes over thirty years old. He likes_ very much. After _ he often plays it with us. He is _. H
24、e usually tells us stories in class. He can speak a little _. We like him very much.,53,Spot dictation,Mr. Green is our English teacher. He is from America. Hes tall. Hes over thirty years old. He likes football very much. After class he often plays it with us. He is funny. He usually tells us stori
25、es in class. He can speak a little Chinese. We like him very much.,54,语言知识考查试题,测什么？ 知道 理解 应用“人们日常说的、写的英语语法”“有意义的、真实的语法”“产出性的语法”,55,语言知识考查试题,如何测？不是再现语法知识，而是考查考生是否理解和运用在特定的社会交际情境中说话人所要运用语言和所要表达的意义、态度等。,56,学会了，能做什么？,读单词，将单词根据字典中的顺序，用数字排列出来。pipe， hole, fire, visit, animal ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),57,Banked M
26、C,A. Good morning! B. Can you tell me the way to the post office?C. Can I take your order, please? D. Can I help you? E. Whos that?,A: Hello.B: Hello. May I speak to Lucy?A: This is Lucy speaking. _B: Its Sam here. 五组对话,58,1. This _ is fat. 2. He has to _.3. The ball is _the chair.4. I have a pink _
27、.5. She has to_.6. He is _.7. She is a _. 8. I have to _.,A. walk the dog B. make his bed C. dress D. teacher E. swimming F. panda G. under H. feed the fish,学会了什么？能做什么？,考点？,59,答案的惟一？,-What is your favorite subject? Why?-_A. English. Its the most interesting subject. B. Science. Its the most difficul
28、t subject.,60,阅读理解试题,选材阅读量的要求语篇质的要求语言和文体的要求内容要求,可读性信息,61,阅读理解试题,试题命制考点的以信息为目标以未知信息为考点探问多种层次，多种范畴的信息,生词标注原则,62,阅读理解微技能,理解主旨和要义理解文中具体信息根据上下文推断生词的词义作出判断和推理理解文章的基本结构理解作者的意图、观点和态度,试题示例,63,True-false items是非题（1）背景信息的设置,听觉信息 足够的事实 具体事实之间的细微差异 时间和空间的信息 参与人的信息 情景的具体要素 听时可能发生的误解,64,文字信息,信息分布 单位信息的异同 语言表述的差异 深
29、层信息,65,图表设置 信息的有序安排 重要信息和次要信息的比例 图表中的语言形式 图画信息 信息分布 图画中不同类型的信息 构图要素 文字与图画的关系与整合,66,(2)是非陈述的设计,语言正误判断 局部信息错误点的设置整体信息错误点的设置正误比例数量的设置,67,She has a cat. She likes playing with it. But Shes seven now and her father tells her to go to school. The teachers do not let her take the cat to the classroom. She
30、has to leave it at home. So she doesnt want to listen to her teachers and cant answer questions. Now Class Three is having math. “Whats two and two, Sue?” She cant answer. “Your mother gives you two pencils. I give you two, too. How many pencils do you have?” “Five, Miss Green. “Youre wrong! You hav
31、e four.” “I dont think so. I have one in my pencil-box.”,68,1. Sue has a dog. 2. Sues seven now.3. She has to leave it at school.4. Sue and her classmate are having math.5. “How many pencils do you have?” her teacher asks her.,69,1. Sue doesnt listen to her father. 2. The maths teacher asks a questi
32、on.3. Sue thinks two and two is four.4. Sue is not very clever.5. Sue likes her cat and doesnt like her math teacher.Can you make another set of sentences?,70,1. Sue is seven and she wants to go to school. 2. The math teacher asks an easy question.3. Sue thinks two and two is four.4. Sue is not interested in math.5. Sue likes her cat and doesnt like her math teacher.,71,书面表达试题,72,THANK YOU,73,
