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1、动词不定式的基本用法归纳,Unit 1,Revise the Infinitive,living well,一、动词不定时的形式肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done 完成式：to have done,结构 : to do;(否定) not to do,二. 时态与语态,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,to have been doing,-,-,(1).They pretended not to see us.,(2). He pretend
2、ed to be sleeping.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎同时/发生在它之后.),(进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),(4).Were happy to have been working with you.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续),1. 作主语,2. 作宾语,3. 作表语,4. 作宾语补足语,5. 作定语,6. 作状语,7. 作独立成分,8. 与疑问词等连用,1.作主语A. 动词
3、不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如： (1)To see is to believe. (2)To master English gives us much help in the study of science. B. 不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，构成“It is + 形容词(+for sb.)不定式”结构。 It is impossible for him to give up smoking.,二、动词不定式的用法,2.作宾语,A动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如mean,decide, fail, wish, expect, promise,pretend,
4、 choose,want, would like to,intend,plan等等。 I mean to go there at once.B.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find (make,feel, think, believe, consider, etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher.I find it interesting to work with him.,练习：翻译句子我发
5、现学好英语并不太难。,He likes to_.I find it still necessary (for him) to _ if he wants to win.,(2) 不定式作宾语练习,play basketball,句型：think/ consider/believe/ find/make/feel it + adj./n.+ to do,C动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语，但仅限于介词except和but（除了）。1) They did nothing except_( work).2) There is no choice but _( wait).常用句型有：There is n
6、othing to do but+动词原形(do)do nothing but（ except）+动词原型（除做.之外别无选择）have no choice but to do ，别无选择只能去做.）,除了做之外没有其它事可以做。,动词不定式常见的考点还有： had better,would rather .than,cant help but, cannot but,等结构后用动词原型。1) We can not but _ at the sad news.( weep).2) You cant help but _( respect) them.,1) cant but do 不得不 =h
7、ave to do sth.eg, He cant but _ his work.(stop ) 他不得不停止工作.2) cant help but do = cant help doing 禁不住:unable to change ones behaviour or feelingseg.We_ him. = We _ him. 我们禁不住嘲笑起他来.3) do nothing but 只（做某事）.nothing but = only eg.He_ complain.他只能抱怨.He is_ wander about.他无所事事,只是在闲逛.,stop,cant help but laug
8、h at,cant help laughing at,can do nothing but,doing nothing but,1.There was nothing to do in the evening but _. A.read B.to read C.reading D.is reading2.There is nothing we can do but wait_. A. as calm as possible B. as possible as we can C. as calm as we can D. as calmly as we can分析：也就是说calm应该用副词ca
9、lmly. 因为根据句意，calmly是修饰动词wait的，修饰动词应该用副词，形容词calm不能修是动词。3.He could do nothing but _for the bus_ . A. wait, to come B.wait; come C.waiting; coming D.waited; came【解析】 试题分析:考查词组:第一空填wait,因为could do nothing but do sth只好做,第二空填to come,因为wait for sb to do sth等待某人做. 他只好等汽车来。 考点：非谓语动词,A,D,A,3作表语,动词不定式作表语:一是主语有
10、不定式充当；二是主语由抽象名词充当。 To teach is to learn. My job is to help the patient.【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）又实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。 All I want to do now (What I want to do now) is fill my stomach.,4作宾语补足语【注意】在感官动词（“五看，二听，一感觉”：look at,see, watch,notice,observe,hear, listen to , feel,等）和使役动词“三让”（let, have，ma
11、ke ）后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。(let, have,一般不用于被动语态 ) I saw him play in the park. He was seen to play in the park. The boss made those men work day and night. Those men were made to work day and night.,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.,引导不定式作宾补的动词：
12、,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三让,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感觉:,feel,Warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等,+sb to do sth,+ sb do sth（省略to）,I made him do his work.,He was made to do his work (by me).变成被动，被省略的to 要还原。,不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,(
13、1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.,Note 1,Note 2,5.定语,1、不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如名词为不定式的逻辑主语，构成主谓关系； 若名词为逻辑宾语，则构成动宾关系； He is not a man to tell lies. There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth 未来地球上甚至没有多余的空间让人去站立 。2、作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系， 不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词上加
14、上一个介词，如; He has a nice pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in. (live ) He is said the best way to travel by is on foot.,I have something to say,but my brother has a lot of homework _,so I am looking for someone _.,(5).不定式作定语,不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修
15、饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 He is looking for a room to live in.,2. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live in.,3. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,注意比较：,1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？2) Have you anything to be sent?
16、 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？,（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）,（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me 或someone else）,6.作状语,不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或条件。 如;Im very glad to hear the news. （原因)不定式作目的状语时，常可与to, in order to, so as to 连用。He got up early so as not to be late.不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。The question is difficult to answer.。,不定式作结果状语常用如
17、下句型,Too + 形容词/副词 + to do sth 名词/ 形容词/副词 + enough + to do sth enough+名词 +to do sth such +（形容词）名词 +as to do sth so + 形容词/副词 + as to do sth 【注意】不定式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。,翻译：1.他太小了，不能去参军。2.他足够大了，可以去参军。3.家里有足够的粮食吃。,He is too young to join the army.,He is old enoughto join the army.,There is enough food to
18、eat in the family.,翻译：4.他人很好以至于他愿意帮助别人。,He is so kind that he is willing to help others.,He is so kind as to help others.,He is such kind a man as to help others.,To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.,(7).独立结构,to be frank,to begin with, to be honest, to tell the truth,to make matters wors
19、e,He didnt know _.,(8) . 与疑问词等连用,what to say,疑问词“what,who,which,how, when,where+ 动词不定式 ” 结构，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。（why除外 ）,He didnt know what to say.(宾语)I dont know where to buy books of this kind.(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.(主语) My question is when to start. (表语),注意：,在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?,(9) 不定式的省略,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.,e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to.,(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.,e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? Id like to be. e.g.: Are you a salor? No, but I used to be.,
