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1、Unit 7 Grammar-英语简单句五种基本句型,A: 词类及基本用法,各种词类及其在句子中的作用： 1. Nouns (n.) 名词： 主语(Subject) :The dog is white. 宾语(Object):I love cats. 表语(Predicative):I am a teacher./You look a girl. 2. Verbs (v.) 动词 -谓语(V) vt. 及物动词 Tom likes apples. vi. 不及物动词 The sun rises early.,各种词类及其在句子中的作用： 3. Pronouns （pron.) 代词： 主语:
2、They are beautiful. 宾语 : She likes it very much. 表语: Its you. 4. Adjectives (adj.) 形容词：定语(Attribute): This is a bright classroom . 表语 （P）:The classroom is bright.,5. Adverbs (adv.) 副词：状语（Ad.) He walks slowly.(adv修饰v)6. Articles (art.) 冠词：a/the 一般不单独构成句子成分 7. Prepositions (prep.) 介词（in, at, on, ) pre
3、p. +n. 介词短语构成(表示方位）状语 (Ad.)：He is playing in the playground.表语(P): She is at home.,9. Conjunctions (conj.) 连词 ( and, or, but, so，while) 一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用10. Interjections ( interj.) 感叹词 (ah, oh, yeah) 一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用,英语简单句五种基本句型 B: 五种句型,英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略
4、或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,基本句型一： + （主谓） 基本句型二： + + （主谓宾）基本句型三： + + （主系表） 基本句型四: + +IO +D(主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五: + +D +O（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型 一(subject) +V(verb)（主谓） 特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,V,My leg hurts.,S,The sun rises .,S,V,基本句型 二 + +（主谓宾） 特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者
5、，才能使意思完整。 这类动词叫做及物动词。 e.g. We like juice. S,V,o,1. She often helps her mother.2. I want a cup of tea.3.I had lunch.,Have a try,基本句型 三 + +（主系表） 特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思， 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构 成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做(连)系动词。 系动词可分四类： 1）be 连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词； 2）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 +adj.
6、 3）表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, go等 4）表示状态延续：stay, keep, remain, stand等,+adj.,+adj.,1.This is an English dictionary.Everything looks different.The weather becomes cooler. The door stays open.,Have a try,基本句型 四 + +IO +D（主谓间宾直宾） 特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直 接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常可改为 S +V+DO+
7、prep.+IO e.g. She gave me an apple. =She gave an apple to me.,1.She passed him a new dress.2. 2.John told me his idea.3.He shows me his new cap.4.My father buy a present for me .,Have a try,基本句型 五 + + +OC（主谓宾宾补）特点：动词虽然是VT及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一 个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 e.g. We made him the manager.
8、 S,V,O,OC,We keep the table clean.I saw them getting on the bus.He asked me to come back soon.,Have a try,典型例题分析,1.Plants need water. S+V+O ( 主 + 谓+ 宾 )2.The flower is so fresh. S +V +P (主 + 系 + 表)3.They work hard. S +V (主 + 谓 )4.He gives me some seeds. S +V +In O + DO (主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾)5.We should k
9、eep the plants in the shade. S+V +O +OC (主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补)6.Many animals live in trees. S + V (主 + 谓),同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时， 应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例： Hes getting angry. (S V P) Youll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) 在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到
10、了这本书。( S V O ） I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C）,Attention:,按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种： 简单句， 并列句，复合句 e.g. 1) The teachers name is Smith. 2) The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John. 3) He is Smith who likes going hiking. - 4) He is Smith and he likes going hiking. 5) Hurry up, or youl
11、l be late. 6) I saw him when I walked past the street. 7) He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.,简单句,并列句,复合句,并列句,并列句,复合句,复合句,Study skills,Look at the sun.,Its a sun day.,ny,The shine of the morning sun is bright. Its a shiny morning.The high temperature makes people sleepy i
12、n summer.,sunshine 阳光,cloud,cloudy,wind,windy,fun,funny,We cant see clearly in the fog. Its,foggy,The snow is very heavy.It is snowy. People often have snowball fightsin winter.,How heavy the rain is!,Its a rainy day.,Work out the rules,Task 1: Fill in the blanks,1.Its a_ day. Look, the _is shining
13、brightly. I feel a bit hot. (sun)2.The radio says it is going to _ later in the afternoon. I hate_ days. Its wet everywhere, and I will have to take my umbrella.(rain),sunny,sun,rain,rainy,3.Whats the weather like tomorrow?Its _. Cant you see the _ in the sky? They look like sheep and cotton.(cloud)
14、4.Its very _ this morning. The _ is so thick that I cant even see the man standing in front of me.(fog)5.Look, it is _ outside, lets go out and play with the _. we can make a lovely snowman.(snow),cloudy,clouds,foggy,fog,snowy,snow,TaskMy favourite season,The land is covered in deep white snow,River
15、s are frozen.,Presentation,深的,结冰的,大地,What activities can we do ?,make a snowman,雪人,have snowball fights. They throw snowballs at each other.,scream,扔,投,exciting,v.尖叫,Enjoy the winter in Harbin,Simon is reading an article about the winter in Harbin on the Internet.,A good article,Nice languages好的语句,R
16、ich content丰富的内容,Clear structure清楚的结构,Conjunctions连接词,Par1;,Par2-3;,Par4;,Favourite season,Reasons,weather,view,activities,Feelings,My favourite season is -,Its / / /-,Blue sky/ clouds/ trees/ flowers -,Its / / to do -In spring we -, screaming and laughing,Winter is ./ -,And, but, however, Also, moreover,此外Whats more. 另外,snowy/ windy/sunny,white,green,beautiful,great,wonderful,exciting,ineresting,fun,Homeworkwrite an artical about seasons recite My favourite season,
