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1、2022/12/9,1,一、句子成分,（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。,2022/12/9,2,（二）主语：,主语 (Subject) 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事. 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：,2022/12/9,3,1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2
2、.We often speak English in class.,（名词）,（代词）,2022/12/9,4,（三）谓语,谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.,2022/12/9,5,（四）表语,表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语
3、一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：,2022/12/9,6,1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）2.Is it yours?（代词）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）4.The speech is exciting.（分词）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）,2022/12/9,7,（五）宾语,宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： 1.He is doing his
4、homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.,（名词）,（代词、动名词）,2022/12/9,8,（六）宾语补足语,宾语补足语（Object Complement），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：,2022/12/9,9,1.His father named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh a
5、ir in.,（名词）,（形容词）,（副词）,2022/12/9,10,（七）定语,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语通常有两种：前置定语和后置定语前置定语：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
6、（代词）,2022/12/9,11,后置定语：5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）6.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）7.She is the girl who sings best in my class. (定语从句),2022/12/9,12,（八）状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示 ：1.Light travels most qu
7、ickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.,（副词及副词性词组）,（介词短语）,（不定式短语）,2022/12/9,13,句子成分详解表,2022/12/9,14,高中英语五种基本句型,2022/12/9,15,英语基本句型-1主系表结构 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主 语的特征，类属，状态，身份等，系动词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear,
8、 look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand； 3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;,2022/12/9,16,Our English teacher is thirty years old.,The cake tastes delicious.,We feel used to living in big cities.,The potatoes went bad in the fields.,Their boss se
9、ems satisfied with the work.,Deep water stays still.,2022/12/9,17,英语基本句型-2主谓结构 本结构是由主语+不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.,2022/12/9,18,英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构,本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。,1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont
10、know him. 3. She stopped teaching English two years ago.,2022/12/9,19,句型英语基本-4 双宾语结构 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.,2022/12/9,20,英语基本句型-5 复合宾语结构 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.,
