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1、英美文学选读：WilliamWordsworth,Romantic Movement,By the beginning of the 19th century a movement had taken place in intellectual life. It manifested itself not only in England but also in Germany and France. It displayed the spirit of idealism as opposed to realism. During the Romantic period, English let
2、ters were characterized by an emotional and imaginative quality and by individuality in style. older groupMajor writers younger group,Older group: (Negative Romanticism),The so-called Lake School of English poets (William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey.) expressed new theories a
3、s to the subject-matter and language of poetry. These three poets were often called as the older poets. They made an impressive contribution to poetry.Conservative,Younger group: (Positive Romanticism),The later romanticists (George Gordon Bryon, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats) were poets of revol
4、t who, unlike the Lake School, never recanted their revolutionary principle. These three poets were often called as the younger poets. They did a wonderful work in shaping verse. Rebellious and aggressiveSo these three poets were called “the Satanic School” by Robert Southey.,Verse是指韵文，也就是带有押韵、句子分行的
5、文体。 verse强调的是外在的形式，符合上面2条的文体基本都可以叫做verse，比如 打油诗、歌词、口号、名言、民谣等等。Poem强调内在，是真正意义上的诗歌，它发掘深刻的思想、彰显高尚的情操，语言优美，感情深挚。至于是否押韵等外在形式并不过分要求。,William Wordsworth,William Wordsworth (1770-1850) was one of the greatest poets of England. As the leading figure of the English Romantic Movement, he has made great contrib
6、ution in poetic theory. “Poet Laureate” 桂冠诗人,Wordsworths principle of poetry,William Wordsworth has his own principle of poetry： He declared that “all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling.”(“诗歌是强烈感情的自然流露”)He appealed directly to individual sensations as the foundation in the c
7、reation and appreciation of poetry. (个人感觉是诗歌创作和鉴赏的源泉)He held the view that poetry “takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility”.(“诗歌是平静中回忆起来的情感”)As to language used in poetry, he advocated using the language of the common people. Imagination was very important in poetic creation.,Wordsw
8、orths writing style,William Wordsworths poems were fresh in imagination, simple, plain and vivid in language. He was especially good at writing about nature and common people. Hence he was called the poet of nature.,Wordsworths Major Works,William Wordsworth, with his friend Coleridge, collaborated
9、and published the Lyrical Ballads which marks the break with classicism and the beginning of the Romantic revival in England.,Lyrical Ballads,Wordsworths principles of poetry were stated in the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, which served as the manifesto of the English Romantic Movement in poetry.,
10、Wordsworths other poems:,Lucy Poems 露茜The Preclude 序曲The Solitary Reaper 孤独的收割女Lines Composed a Few above Tintern Abbey 丁登寺杂咏Ode to Duty 责任颂.,I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,William Wordsworths I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is a lyric poem focusing on the poets response to
11、the beauty of nature.,Structure and Rhyme,The poem contains four stanzas of six lines each. In each stanza, the first line rhymes with the third and the second with the fourth. The stanza then ends with a rhyming couplet. Wordsworth unifies(使统一) the content of the poem by focusing the first three st
12、anzas on the experience at the lake and the last stanza on the memory of that experience.(前三个部分写景，后一部分抒情。),Meter,The lines in the poem are in iambic tetrameter, as demonstrated in the third stanza: .1.2.3.4. The WAVES | be SIDE | them DANCED; | but THEY .1.2.3.4. Out DID | the SPARK | ling WAVES | i
13、n GLEE;.1.2.3.4. A PO | et COULD | not BUT | be GAY; .1.2.3.4. In SUCH | a JOC | und COM | pa NY: .1.2.3.4 .I GAZED | and GAZED | but LIT | tle THOUGHT .1.2.3.4 .What WEALTH | the SHOW | to ME | had BROUGHT:,Your Topic Goes Here,1.I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high oer vales and hills,
14、 When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze Summary, Stanza 1 :In the first stanza the speaker describes a time when he meandered over the valleys and hills, lonely as a cloud. Finally, he came across a crowd
15、of daffodils stretching out over almost everything he could see, fluttering and dancing in the breeze:,I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,Your Topic Goes Here,2. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw
16、 I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. Summary, Stanza 2 In the second stanza the speaker goes into more detail about the daffodils. They reminded him of the Milky Way, because there were so many flowers packed together that they seemed to be never-ending.,I Wandered Lonely as a Clo
17、ud,Your Topic Goes Here,3. The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay In such a jocund company: I gazedand gazedbut little thought What wealth the show to me had brought Summary, Stanza 3 In the third stanza the speaker compares the waves
18、of the lake to the waves of daffodils and decides that even though the lake is sparkling, the daffodils win because they have more glee. He then comments that he, like any other poet, could not help but be happy in such a jocund company. He looked at the scene for a long time, but while he was there
19、 he was unable to understand what he had gained from the experience:,I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,Your Topic Goes Here,4 For oft when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude, And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with
20、 the daffodils Summary, Stanza 4 In the fourth and final stanza the poet describes what he gained from the experience. Afterwards, when he was lonely or feeling “pensive,” he could remember the daffodils, seeing them with his “inward eye,” and be content.,I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,Analysis,“I Wan
21、dered Lonely as a Cloud”is a poem about nature. With his pure and poetic language, Wordsworth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils, trees and breeze. We follow the poet at every turn of his feelings. We share his melancholy(忧郁)when he “wandered lonely as a cloud” and his deligh
22、t the moment his heart “with pleasure fills ”. We come to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem.,Daffodil:,这里的水仙已经不是一种植物了，而是一种象征，代表了一种灵魂，代表了一种精神，是作者的心灵寄托。水仙很多，如天上的星星，都在闪烁。水仙似乎是动的，沿着弯屈的海岸线向前方伸展。诗人为有这样的旅伴而欢欣鼓舞、欢呼跳跃。在诗人的心中，水仙代表了自然的精华，是自然心灵的美妙表现。但是，欢快的水仙并不能时时伴在诗人的身边，诗人离开了水仙，心中不时冒出忧郁孤寂的情绪。这时诗人写出了一种对社会、世界的感受：那高傲、纯洁的灵魂在现实的世界只能郁郁寡欢。当然，诗人的脑海深处会不时浮现水仙那美妙的景象，这时的诗人双情绪振奋，欢欣鼓舞。关于诗的最后一节，有人认为有画蛇添足之嫌，不写出来读者一样能体会诗人歌颂大自然的意向。但这节诗体现的恰好是一种“平静中回忆起来的情感”，而不是当时当地的倾诉。诗人并没有任由情感泛滥，经过一段时间的沉思，再次抒发的感情，总是带有几分理性。,
