《考研英语(一)真题(完整版).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语(一)真题(完整版).doc（11页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、20XX年考研英语(一)真题(完整版)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖賃。As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are
2、not what they used to be. We suddenly cant remember _1_ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintances name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain _2_, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” _3_ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially
3、have a (n) _4_ impact on our professional, social, and personal _5_.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净祸。Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that theres actually a lot that can be done. It _6_ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and th
4、e right mental _7_ can significantly improve our basic cognitive _8_. Thinking is essentially a _9_ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to _10_ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. _11_, because these connections are made through effort and
5、 practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate _12_ mental effort.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟婭。Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step _13_ and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental _14_.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。酽
6、锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥顧。The Web-based program _15_ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps _16_ of your progress and provides detailed feedback _17_ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it _18_modifies and enhances the games you play to _19_ on the strengt
7、hs you are developingmuch like a(n) _20_exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑诒。1. AwhereBwhenCthatDwhy2. AimprovesBfadesCrecoversDcollapses謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔點。3. AIfBUnlessCOnceDWhile4. AunevenBlimitedCdamagingDobscure5. AwellbeingBenv
8、ironmentCrelationshipDoutlook厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚卺。6. AturnsBfindsCpointsDfigures7. Aroundabouts BresponsesCworkoutsDassociations茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪镀。8. AgenreBfunctionsCcircumstancesDcriterion鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴縈。9. AchannelBconditionCsequenceDprocess籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨槠。10. ApersistBbelieve
9、CexcelDfeature11. A ThereforeB MoreoverC OtherwiseD However預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴買。12. Aaccording toBregardless ofCapart fromDinstead of渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦鋇。13. AbackBfurtherCasideDaround14. AsharpnessBstabilityCframeworkDflexibility铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡缝。15. Aforces BremindsChurriesDallows16. Ahol
10、dBtrackCorderDpace17. AtoBwithCforDon18. AirregularlyBhabituallyCconstantlyDunusually擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷報。19. AcarryBputCbuildDtake20. AriskyBeffectiveCidleDfamiliar贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷鯛。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each t
11、ext by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚跻。Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobc
12、entre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘籜。More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for
13、 the jobseekers allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “Were doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially
14、concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness” pro
15、tecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄届。Losing a job is hurting: you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous st
16、ate. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers pur
17、pose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴飙。But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency permanen
18、t dependency if you can get itsupported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the ris
19、k of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseekers allowance” invented in 1996 is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.
20、 Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at 71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU. 驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦諑。21. George Osbornes scheme was intended toAprovide the unemployed with easier access to ben
21、efits.猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑献。Bencourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking.锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔嗚。Cmotivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.Dguarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits.構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛門。22. The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means輒峄陽檉簖疖
22、網儂號泶。輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶蛴。Ato check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅瀝。Bto accept the governments restrictions on the allowance.识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒侬。Cto register for an allowance from the government.凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴铍。Dto attend a governmental job-training program.23. W
23、hat prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦聰。AA desire to secure a better life for all.BAn eagerness to protect the unemployed.CAn urge to be generous to the claimants.DA passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one fee
24、l鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫摇。AuneasyBenraged.Cinsulted.Dguilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹。硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹鸶。AThe British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness.阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖。阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖輛。BOsbornes reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩。氬嚕躑竄贸恳
25、彈瀘颔澩纷。CThe jobseekers allowance has met their actual needs.釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘。釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘慶。DUnemployment benefits should not be made conditional.怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉。怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉馴。Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other professionwith the possible exception of journalism
26、. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類。谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類谨。During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more studen
27、ts to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. 嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩。嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩癱。There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is
28、 just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves todays average law-school grad
29、uate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库。熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库圆。Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have be
30、en around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly
31、a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞。鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞阕。do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛。纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛覲。The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like o
32、wnership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out o
33、f a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷。颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷涨。In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professiona
34、l managers to focus on improving firms efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻減。26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼。銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼鏗。Athe growing
35、 demand from clients.Bthe increasing pressure of inflation.Cthe prospect of working in big firms.Dthe attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类。挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类芈。AHigher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.BAdmissio
36、ns approval from the bar association.CPursuing a bachelors degree in another major.DReceiving training by professional associations.赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈。赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈極。28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫。塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫麩。Alawyers and clients strong resistance.Bthe rigid bodies gov
37、erning the profession.Cthe stem exam for would-be lawyers.Dnon-professionals sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺。裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺递。Abans outsiders involvement in the profession.Bkeeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.Caggravates
38、the ethical situation in the trade.Dprevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text, the author mainly discussesAflawed ownership of Americas law firms and its causes.仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬齊驁。仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬齊驁絛。Bthe factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.绽萬璉轆娛閬蛏鬮绾瀧。绽萬璉轆娛閬蛏鬮绾瀧恒。Ca problem in Amer
39、icas legal profession and solutions to it.骁顾燁鶚巯瀆蕪領鲡赙。骁顾燁鶚巯瀆蕪領鲡赙骠。Dthe role of undergraduate studies in Americas legal education.瑣钋濺暧惲锟缟馭篩凉。瑣钋濺暧惲锟缟馭篩凉貿。Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this years award in
40、 March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Interne
41、t entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.鎦诗涇艳损楼紲鯗餳類。鎦诗涇艳损楼紲鯗餳類碍。Whats not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You c
42、annot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could
43、 cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.栉缏歐锄棗鈕种鵑瑶锬。栉缏歐锄棗鈕种鵑瑶锬奧。The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward
44、those who have made their careers in research.辔烨棟剛殓攬瑤丽阄应。辔烨棟剛殓攬瑤丽阄应頁。As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizesboth new and oldare distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the l
45、ife sciences include. But the Nobel Foundations limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern researchas will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery
46、of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.峴扬斕滾澗辐滠兴渙藺。峴扬斕滾澗辐滠兴渙藺诈。As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things
47、seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanismthat is the culture of research, after allbut it is the prize-givers money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.詩叁撻訥烬忧毀厉鋨骜。詩叁撻訥烬忧毀厉鋨骜靈。31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen asAa
