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1、第五讲特殊句式 思维导图.强调一、强调句型1强调句型的基本结构：It is/was被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。(1)引导词的运用：当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。(2)时态的运用：强调句中be的时态要依据
2、原句的时态而定，即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调句中的be就用was；原句为现在的某种时态，强调句中用is。有时还可用It might be/must have been/cant be.that/who.等句式。It is Jack who loves football most in our class.我们班最喜爱足球的人是杰克。It must have been Eda who phoned yesterday.昨天一定是伊达打来的电话。(3)人称和数的运用：强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。It is our teacher who/that helps us make grea
3、t progress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。(4)对not.until.句式的强调：It is/was not until.that句子其他部分。It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.直到他到家三十分钟后才发现他把包落在了出租车上。2强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分？Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?他是在公园里遇到我们的
4、新老师的吗？3强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat句子其他部分？When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？名师指津 由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。She doesnt know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。二、强调谓语动词助动词do，does或did用来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。She did tell me her add
5、ress，but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。.省略一、状语从句中的省略在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。All the photographs in this book，unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise，date from the 1950s.这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。二、动词不定式的省略在主动语态中，感官动词
6、或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。三、so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在Im afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe等开头的答句中。Do
7、you think it will rain?I hope so/not.你认为会下雨吗？我希望下/不下。四、常用的省略结构if ever如果有过的话if busy 如果忙的话if anything 如果有什么不同if possible 如果可能的话if so 如果那样的话if not 如果不的话if necessary 如果必要的话.倒装一、部分倒装1将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never，seldom，rarely，little，few，at no time，by no means，no longer，hardly/scarcely.when.，
8、no sooner.than.，not only.but also.，not until，nowhere，neither.nor.等。Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.直到失去工作我才意识到我应该提高工作技能了。2“only状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。3
9、so/such.that.结构中的so，such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。4表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。I saw the film Wolf Warriors last week; so did she.上周我看了战狼2这部电影，她也看了。5在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从
10、句的表语/状语/动词要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Strange as it may sound，if youre unsatisfied，the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.尽管这听起来很奇怪，但是如果你不满意，问题不是缺少满足你的欲望的方法，而是你根本就没有欲望。6. “may动词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将may置于句首，构成倒装语序。May you succeed.祝你成功。二、全部倒装1here，there，now，then，out，
11、in，up，down，away，on the wall，in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。South of the river lies a small factory.河的南面有一个小工厂。2有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。Present at the party w
12、ere Mr.Green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。.单句语法填空1Chinas approach to protecting its environment while_(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the banks Juergen Voegele.(2018全国卷)答案feeding考查省略。when/while 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when/while 引
13、导的时间状语从句。2Next door to ours live (live) a black couple，who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.3Absurd as/though it might sound，everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.4On the top of the hill stands (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.5Professo
14、r Salovery，who invented (invent) the term EQ，gives the following description: At work，it is IQ that_ gets you promoted.(2019巴彦淖尔模拟)6But the fighting scenes alone dont explain the movies successits also the patriotism(爱国主义)and spirit of the film projects that have deeply impressed Chinese audiences.(
15、2019长春模拟)7This technology did not spread to Europe until the 19th century，and it was by using the technology that the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.(2019肇庆模拟)8The police were seeking more information to find out who it was that killed the rich merchant.9Who should be r
16、esponsible for the action? The boss is to blame.The employees just carried out the order as told (tell)10When exposed (expose) to danger and conflict，men tend to increase blood pressure，feeling nervous or anxious.11The city now is much noisier than it used to_be(be).完成句子1Not until we lose health do_
17、we_know_its_value直到失去了健康我们才知道它的价值。2Only_when_you_realize_the_importance_of_English_can you put your heart into it.只有你认识到英语的重要性，你才能全身心投入其中。3Its_our_parents_who/that have devoted their unconditional love to us，which indeed deserves our appreciation and reward.是我们的父母给了我们无条件的爱，这确实值得我们感激和报答。4Not only can
18、_students_improve_their_writing_ability in this way but also they can strengthen their selfconfidence.以这种方式，学生们不仅能提高他们的写作能力，而且还能增强自信心。5So_much_homework_do_we_have to do every day that we have little time to have a rest.每天我们不得不做如此多的作业，以至于我们几乎连休息的时间都没有。6It_is_your_efforts,_not_your_intelligence_that d
19、etermine your success.是你的努力，而不是你的智力决定你的成功。7The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the party，nor did_they_allow themselves to be disobeyed.父母们不允许他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌，也不允许自己的命令不被服从。8Only by watching how each raindrop comes down in a stream can_you_understand how it takes many small accomplishmen
20、ts to realize a dream.只有认真观察每个雨滴是怎样汇成小溪的，你才能理解如何用许多小的成就实现梦想。9How long do you plan to stay with this company if_hired?如果被录用的话，你计划在这家公司待多久呢？10It_was_only_the_three_who_got hurt.受伤的就只有这三个。.语法填空(2019聊城二模)Seborga(塞波加)is a small village that declared itself independent in the 1960s，claiming it was never 1
21、._ (proper) incorporated(合并) into Italy.2._ (it) founders，argued that the deal was not really registered.They claimed that it could therefore not 3._(consider) part of the nation.The principalitys (公国) founder was a flower grower 4._ (call) Giorgio Carbone，who ruled until his death in 2009.Its indep
22、endence is not recognised outside 5._ village but Mr.Dezzani，a campaigner(竞选者) for the throne，says it is important that they themselves believe 6._it，describing it as “a state of mind”This unusual story，7._ was the subject of a televised documentary，has attracted tourism to the region.Its current ru
23、ler，Marcello，appears publicly 8._ (wear) a suit but Mr.Dezzani wants to introduce ceremonial uniform.Mr.Dezzani added: “Without being too pretentious or 9._ (show) about it，I think we can promote the 10._ (value) of peace，tolerance and openness.”【语篇解读】本文介绍了塞波加，一个于1960年宣布独立的小村子。这个公国的统治者卡伯恩直到2009年才去世，
24、现在的统治者是马塞洛一世。1properly考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词形式。2Its此处作定语，修饰founders，故应用形容词性物主代词。3be considered考查被动语态。it是consider的承受者，故应使用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词be过去分词”，故应填be considered。4called考查非谓语动词。flower grower与call之间为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。5the考查冠词。此处特指塞波加，因此用定冠词the。 6in考查介词。believe in信任。7which考查定语从句。先行词为story，关系词在非限制性定语
25、从句中作主语，故应使用关系代词which。8wearing考查非谓语动词。Marcello与wear之间为主动关系，故用现在分词短语作方式状语。9showy考查词性转换。此处与pretentious并列作表语，故应使用形容词。be showy about对炫耀。10values考查名词的复数形式。此处表示价值观，常用复数形式。.短文改错The person I admire most is my father.Strict while he may be，he never fails to show his care and consideration.Once I carelessly br
26、oke a neighbors window while played football in the street.Seen nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad comes home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me that had happened.I could only tell him the truth.Rather than scold me，he praised me for my honest and encouraged me to apologize to our neig
27、hbor.Later that day，I went to the neighbors house.I told him the truth and apologized to my fault，promising fix his window.I realized that not only do Dad take care of our health but he also teaches us how to be good citizen.答案The person I admire most is my father.Strict he may be，he never fails to
28、show his care and consideration.Once I carelessly broke a neighbors window while football in the street. nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me had happened.I could only tell him the truth.Rather than scold me，he praised me for my and encouraged me to apologize to our neighbor.Later that day，I went to the neighbors house.I told him the truth and apologized my fault，promising fix his window.I realized that not only Dad take care of our health but he also teaches us how to be good .
