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1、,Grammar,Unit10 Lesson 3,The Infinitive 动词不定式, 概述 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式, 它 没有人称和数的变化。在句中可作主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、表语。它还有动词的特征，可以带宾语和状语等。其结构为: to + V.原形 不定式有两种，即带to和不带to的不定式： e.g. I have come to ask for your advice. What you said made me think., 构成(以动词do为例),1. 一般式 (to do ) 被动式 (to be done)e.g. He stopped to have a
2、 rest. He was sent there to be trained as an astronaut. a) Mark said to the doctor, “I dont want _.” (examine) b) Mark said to the doctor, “I dont want you _.” (examine),to be examined,to examine,2. 不定式的否定形式 (not to do; never to do)e.g. 1.Not to get there in time is your fault. 2.He decided not to g
3、o home.,3. 疑问词 + 不定式e.g. a) When to start has not been decided. b) I dont know what to choose. c) The question is how to put the plan into plactice.,作 宾 语,作 表 语,作 定 语,作 状 语,作 宾 补, 功能,作 主 语,一. 作主语 单个不定式作主语时, 谓语用单数。 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式 主语，放在句首，不定式短语放在后面。 e.g. a) To obey laws is everyones duty. b) Its
4、not easy to master a foreign language.,注意: 不定式复合结构,Its + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.,Its very kind of you to say so.It is important for us to learn English.,二. 作表语 (主语+系动词+不定式)e.g. a) My job is to teach English in a middle school . b) To see is to believe.,三. 作定语（起修饰作用） 一般作后置定语e.g. a) He is the doc
5、tor to do the operation. b) This is the Hope Project School to be built next year., 注意: 当名词有特定的定语 (adj./adv.的最高级, 序数词及next, only, right等), 其后接不定式 作后置定语。e.g. a) He is the first (student) to come and the last to leave. b) Where is the best place to meet ? c) We need the next room to hold a meeting. d)
6、 He is the only person to be fit for the job.,四. 作状语 不定式可作目的、原因、结果、条件、方式状语 表目的的不定式可以置于句首(to, in order to)， 但不可以用so as to. a) He came here to attend a meeting. (目的) To learn English well, you must practise more. b) His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.（结果） c) We were very excited to he
7、ar the news. (原因),五. 作宾语 (主语+动词+不定式) 1.不定式可以做动词或介词的宾语。 1“V+to do。这类动词常见的有: agree, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, continue, try, start, forget 等， eg:1.I want to be NO.1. 2. I didnt expect to f
8、ind you here. 2.做介词的宾语时，常用 “疑问词 + to do”。eg: I am worrying about what to do next.,注意：it 可以做形式宾语，真正的宾语还是动词不定式。 1.I find it difficult to understand him. 2.We thought it wrong not to help her. 3.They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.,六. 作宾补常带动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask, tell, invite, force, adv
9、ise, get, allow, help ,encourage, order, like, hate等e.g. a) They dont allow people to smoke. b) The boss forced the workers to work day and night.,一. Tell how the Infinitives are used.,1. It is useful to know how to drive.主语2. I need to attend the meeting.宾语,3. I didnt expect Mary to invite me to he
10、r birthday party.,4. She listens to news every day so as to find out whats going on.,to find out whats going on,5. I was disappointed to hear the news.,宾补,状语,状语,6. Not to get there in time is your fault.7) Could you tell me how to get to the airport?8) The question is how to put the plan into placti
11、ce.,主语,宾语,表语,二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. Its very kind of you _ it for me. (do) 2. My job is _ the students English. (teach) 3. Before you leave the room, please remember _the light. (turn off) 4. The children are warned _ in that lake. (not swim),to do,to teach,not to swim,to turn off,5. She doesnt know whet
12、her and when _ Shanghai. (leave) 6. There are 10 lessons for the students _ this term. (learn) 7. He asked _ (send) to work in Tibet.,to leave,to be sent,to learn,8.Choose the correct form of the verbs in the box to complete the sentences.,At that time, women were expected _at home, take care of the
13、ir husbands and children.,to stay,damage, study, take, persuade, make, learn, stay, deal with, show, create,2. I think its really important _ friends with different kinds of people.3. I want to have the opportunity _an advanced English course and improve my English.,to make,to take,damage, study, ta
14、ke, persuade, make, learn, stay, deal with, show, create,4. Is it possible _ from the experiences of others?5. I finally managed _ her to go out for a drink with me.6. I stopped smoking so as not _ my babys health.,to learn,to persuade,to damage,damage, study, take, persuade, make, learn, stay, deal
15、 with, show, create,7. The man emptied his pockets _ that he wasnt carrying drugs.8. The software makes it easy _ colorful pictures.9. A person like him is difficult _.,to show,to create,to deal with,damage, study, take, persuade, make, learn, stay, deal with, show, create,9.Complete the dialogue .
16、Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets.,Jim: Hi Pete. What are you doing?Pete: Hi Jim. Its my mums birthday tomorrow, but I dont know what (1)_(buy) her.Jim: Yeah, sometimes its difficult (2)_(choose) a good present. How about a necklace?,to buy,to choose,Pete: I dont ha
17、ve enough money (3)_(buy) her expensive jewellery.Jim: How come?Pete: I spent all my pocket money on computer games yesterday.Jim: You should save some of your pocket money every week.,to buy,Pete: I know, but her birthday is tomorrow! Can I borrow 20 yuan from you, please?Jim: No, I dont want (4)_(
18、lend) you any money. You never return it!Pete: Where can I get the money?Jim: You could ask your mum (5)_ (give) it to you!,to lend,to give,三. 完成下列句子1. 为了谋生，你必须努力工作。 _ _ _ _, you must work hard.2. 我们应该呼吁公众保护环境。 We should appeal to the public _ _ the environment. 3. 互相帮助是一种美德。 _ _ _ _ is a virtue.,to
19、 protect,To help each other,To earn a living,4. 她的梦想是当一名设计师。 Her dream is _ _ _ _.5. 我们决定周末去野餐。 We have decided _ _ _ _ at the weekend. 6. 学习绘画的最好方法是多练。 The best way _ _ _ is to practice more.,to become a designer,to have a picnic,to learn painting,三维设计练习 (P22) 1. 用不定式改写句子 2. 用所给词的适当形式填空 3. 单项选择,Homework,
