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1、Topic 6 第六讲:The new generation of Library OPACs 新一代图书馆联机目录,Marshall BreedingDirector for Innovative Technologies and ResearchVanderbilt Universityhttp:/staffweb.library.vanderbilt.edu/breeding,Redefining Libraries:Web 2.0 and other ChallengesMay 2007 Xiamen, China,1,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,The best Library O
2、PAC?最佳图书馆联机目录?,2,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Common tools for access to local collections存取本地馆藏的工具,Library OPAC (ILS module) 图书馆联机目录 (综合性情报系统模块)Links to aggregators, publishers 信息搜集者及出版社的连结 Cross linking via OpenURL 透过OpenURL互相连结 Journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) 检索期刊工具 (往往由连结解译器处理)Metasearch
3、 engines 整合式搜寻引擎 All loosely coupled 松散式结合,3,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Metasearch整合式搜寻,Distributed query model inherently problematic 分布式询问模式性其缺陷 Not Immediate 非实时Relevancy ranking extremely difficult 相关度排序非常困难Lack of deep results 不能深层搜索Interim solution 暂时性解决方法,4,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Change underway进行中的转变,Widespread
4、 dissatisfaction with most of the current OPACs. Many efforts toward next-generation catalogs and interfaces. 大部人对现在的联机目录感到不满, 正努力设计新一代目录及界面 Movement among libraries to break out of the current mold of library catalogs and offer new interfaces better suited to the expectations of library users. 图书馆希
5、望改变现有的图书馆目录及界面, 以迎合读者的需求Decoupling of the front-end interface from the back-end library automation system. 把前端界面及后端的图书馆自动化系统分割开24,5,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Working toward next generation library interfaces邁向新一代圖書館目錄界面,Redefinition of the library catalog 重新界定图书馆目录More comprehensive information discovery envir
6、onments 更全面的信息探索环境Better information delivery tools 更佳的信息传递工具More powerful search capabilities 更强大的搜索能力More elegant presentation 更优雅的演示,6,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Comprehensive Search Service 全面搜索服务,More like OAI 更像开放档案协议 Problems of scale diminished 规模缩减的问题Problems of cooperation persist 保持密切合作的问题,7,谢谢观赏,201
7、9-6-16,Web 2.0 a good start网络 2.0为好开始,A more social and collaborative approach 更广泛及协作的方法Web Tools and technology that foster collaboration 能促进合作的网络工具及技术Blogs, wiki, tagging, social bookmarking, user rating, user reviews 网摘 / 网志, 维基百科, 标签, 小区书签, 读者评级, 读者评论,8,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Web 2.0 supporting technolo
8、gies 网络 2.0 支持技术,Web services 网络服务 XML APIsAJAX (asynchronous JavaScript and XML)Microformats 微格式 OpenSearch vs SRU/SRW,9,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Replacement OPACs 图书馆目录的代替品,Endeca Guided NavigationAquaBrowser LibraryCommon thread 共通点:Decoupled interface 分离的界面Mass export of catalog data 目录数据大量输出Alternative s
9、earch engine 不同的搜索器Alternative interface 不同的界面,10,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Expanded discovery and delivery tools 更广泛的探索及传送工具,Ex Libris Primo (in development) (在开发中)Encore from Innovative Interfaces (in development) (在开发中)Common threads 共通点:Decoupled interface 分离的界面Comprehensive indexes that span multiple and
10、diverse information resources 能跨越多种不同类型信息的综合索引 Alternative interface 不同的界面,11,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Library-developed solutions 由图书馆开发的解决方法,eXtensible CatalogUniversity of Rochester River Campus Libraries 罗契斯特大学 River 校园图书馆Financial support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation (Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
11、的财政支持)http:/www.extensiblecatalog.info/,12,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Redefinition of library catalogs 图书馆目录的新定义,Traditional notions of the library catalog are being questioned 传统图书馆目录的概念受到质疑Its no longer enough to provide a catalog limited to print resources 只提供限于印刷资源的图书馆目录并不足够Digital resources cannot be an af
12、terthought 数字/数字资源应优先考虑Forcing users to use different interfaces depending on type of content becoming less tenable 不应强迫读者使用不同界面Libraries working toward consolidated search environments that give equal footing to digital and print resources 图书馆研究统一检索时应同时兼顾数字/数字及印刷资源,13,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Interface expec
13、tations 界面要求,Millennial gen library users are well acclimated to the Web and like it.千禧年代的读者喜欢及习惯使用互联网Used to relevancy ranking 习惯相关度排序The “good stuff” should be listed first 好的资料应排在最前Users tend not to delve deep into a result list 读者不会探究搜索结果 Good relevancy requires a sophisticated approach, includi
14、ng objective matching criteria supplemented by popularity and relatedness factors. 良好相关度需要精密的方法, 包括客观配对标准辅以受欢迎及关系因素,14,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Interface expectations (cont) 界面要求,Very rapid response. Users have a low tolerance for slow systems 反应迅速. 读者不能容忍速度慢的系统Rich visual information: book jacket images, rat
15、ing scores, etc. 丰富视觉信息:书籍护套影像, 评分等 Let users drill down through the result set incrementally narrowing the field 让读者在搜索结果内缩窄搜索范围,15,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Interface expectations (cont) 界面要求,Faceted Browsing 层面浏览Drill-down vs up-front Boolean or “Advanced Search” 动态联结应用及前期布尔搜索或”进阶搜索” gives the users clues a
16、bout the number of hits in each sub topic. 给读者有关每个主题所得结果数目的线索Navigational Bread crumbs 导览条 Ratings and rankings 评价和排序,16,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Appropriate organizational structures适当的组织结构,LCSH vs FASTFull MARC vs Dublin Core or MODSDiscipline-specific thesauri or ontologies 特定主题词汇或本体“tags” 标签,17,谢谢观赏,2019-
17、6-16,Discovery 探索,Fundamental question 基本問題:How will users ever find library-provided information resources? 读者会怎样寻找由图书馆提供的信息资源,18,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Troubling statistic 令人不安的统计,Where do you typically begin your search for information on a particular topic? 从何处着手搜索某个主题的信息College Students Response 大专学生的回
18、应:89% Search engines 搜索引擎 (Google 62%)2%Library Web Site 图书馆网页(total respondents 回应人数 - 1%)2%Online Database 网上数据库1% E-mail 电邮1% Online News 网上新闻1% Online bookstores 网上书店0% Instant Messaging / Online Chat 实时通信 / 网上聊天,OCLC. Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources (2005) p. 1-17.,19,谢谢观赏,20
19、19-6-16,New Library Search Model新的图书馆搜索模式,Dont count on users beginning their research with library catalogs or Web site 不期望读者从图书馆目录或网页开始搜寻信息Consider the librarys Web site as a destination考虑把图书馆网页变为终点站Make it a compelling and attractive destination that uses will want to explore more. 使图书馆网页成为令人信服及吸
20、引的终点站, 令读者希望更深入探求Web users have a low tolerance for ineffective and clunky interfaces 网上读者不会容忍无效率及笨重的界面,20,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Library Discovery Model图书馆探索模式,Library Web Site / Catalog圖書館網頁 / 目錄,Web,Library as searchDestination图书馆作为搜索终点站,21,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Library Discovery Model图书馆探索模式,Expose library con
21、tent and services through non-library interfaces 透过非图书馆界面显示图书馆内容及服务Campus portals, courseware systems, e-learning environments 校园入门网站, 网络教学软件系统, 网上学习环境County and municipal portals and e-government 郡市入门网站及电子政府Other external content aggregators: RSS, etc 其它信息搜集者: 简易信息聚合等,22,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Library Disc
22、overy Model图书馆探索模式 (续),Web services is the essential enabling technology for the delivery of library content and services to external applications. 网络服务是传递图书馆内容和服务到外部应用的重要扶持技术Library community lags years behind other IT industries in adoption of SOA and Web services. 图书馆小区在采用SOA(面向服务体系结构) 和网络服务方面落后其
23、它信息科技行业,23,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Global arena全球舞台,Increased interrelationships with global information resources 加强与全球信息资源的相互关系Google, Yahoo!, MSN, AskOCLC worldcata.orgGoogle ScholarGoogle Library PrintWikipedia,24,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Local collections and interfaces 本地馆藏及界面,Library-supplied information resour
24、ces 由图书馆提供的信息资源Traditional print collections 传统的印刷馆藏Books, journals 图书, 期刊E-Books, E-Journals 电子书, 电子期刊,25,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Global vs Local 全球和本地的比較,How do library collections relate to the global realm 如何令图书馆馆藏和全球接轨Will mass digitization replace local library collections? 大量数字化会否取代本地图书馆馆藏The global a
25、rena excels at discovery 全球舞台擅于探索The local arena focuses on content delivery 本地舞台着重传递内容All the global content discovery tools point to locally managed content. 全球内容探索工具指向由本地管理的内容,26,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Connecting Local Content with Global Discovery 连接本地内容和全球探索,Inbound / Outbound 内向 / 外向Move or expose met
26、adata as needed 如有需要, 分享 / 显示元数据Provide mechanisms to link or deliver resources to users 提供机制去连接或向读者传递资源OAI-PMHSRU/SRW,27,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Connecting Local Content with Global Discovery 连接本地内容和全球探索 (续),Z39.50MicroformatsXML SiteMap ProtocolWeb ServicesUDDI, WDSL, SOAP,OpenURl and other deep-linking pr
27、otocols OpenURL及其它深层连结协议,28,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Multi-layered information discovery 多层信息探索,Global : Google 全球 : GoogleInstitutional / Regional : Primo 机构 / 地方 : PrimoGranular: Individual catalogs and repositories 颗粒 : 个别目录和贮藏库 Broad - Precise 概略 - 精确Offer both the ability to “find a few good things” and
28、to “find exactly the right things (and all of them)” 有能力 “寻找好东西” 及 “寻找正确的东西 (及全部)”Appropriate avenues for both the undergraduate learner and the serious scholar. 为大学生及学者提供合适的途径,29,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,30,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,Group Exercise 小组研习,Consider the OPAC used in your library today. List 3 or 4 character
29、istics of your current library catalog that are inconsistent with the “Next Generation” approach to library catalogs? What approach might your library follow to make its catalog more satisfying for Web-savvy users?考虑一下贵馆正在用的線上公眾查詢目錄， 举出三至四种贵馆现有书目与“下一世代”使用书目的方法不一致的特式。贵馆可运用甚么方法使书目更能满足网络灵通的用户？,31,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,32,谢谢观赏,2019-6-16,
