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1、Lesson 30 Football or polo?,Playing footballKicking the ball,olo pulu n. 水球Wayle n. 威尔（河名）cut kt (cut, cut) v. 穿过row ru v. 划（船）kick kik v. 踢towardstw:dz prep. 朝，向nearly nili adv. 几乎sightsait n. 眼界，视域,Words,cut v. 切，割，剪,砍倒树木切断电源把切成小碎片砍脑袋理发削减，压缩插进来说，插嘴,cut down the treecut off electricity cut sth. int
2、o piecescut the head off cut ones hair = have a haircut cut downcut in,1cut（1）vt, vi切，割，剪：Would you please cut the cake in half?请把蛋糕切成两半好吗？I read this story in the paper this morning and cut it out for you.今天上午我在报纸上读到这个故事便给你剪下来了。,（2）vt割破，划破：He shaved hurriedly this morning and cut himself badly.他今天早
3、上匆匆忙忙地刮脸，刮破了不少地方。（3）vi横穿，穿越（介词用 across/through）：The Wayle cuts across a park.威尔河横穿过一个公园。The road cuts across/through the forest.这条路穿过森林。（4）cut a corner 走捷径，超近路 When you learn English, never cut a corner.,practice,1. He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was _ from the outside world. A.
4、 cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through,B,2. I was just talking to Margeret when Jackson _. A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up,A,切开，切碎,New words and expressions,2. row v. 划(船) vt.& vi. 划船 My brother is rowing. 划船 （row 强调动作） go boating 去划船（强调玩） vt. 划船载运 Can you row me across the river? 你
5、能划船将我送到河的对岸吗？ He rowed her home. 他划船把她送回家。,Company Logo,row v. 划（船）n.一列，一行，一排（座位）他们划船过了河。They rowed the boat across the river.你在第几排？我在第四排。What row are you in? Im in Row Four.去划船 go for a row = go boating,kick v. 踢不要把球踢到河里。Dont kick the ball into the river.我在足球比赛中提进一球。I kicked a goal in the football
6、match.,nearly adv. 几乎这份工作几乎要完成了The job is nearly finished.她快要死了She nearly died.,1.almost和nearly可互换使用的场合(1)在肯定句中The old man is almost/nearly 90 years old.这个老人快90岁了。(2)修饰all, every, always等时I go to bed at ten almost/nearly every day.我几乎每天都是10点钟上床睡觉。(3)在行为动词的否定式前He almost/nearly didnt hear what I said.
7、他几乎没听到我讲些什么。,1.只能用almost的场合(1)修饰no, none, never, any以及由no或any的合成词。例如: I have almost nothing to do today.今天我几乎没什么事可做。This word is to be found in almost any dictionary.这个词几乎在任何一本词典中都可以查到。There is almost none left.几乎什么也没留下。 (2)修饰表示感觉或心理的动词或形容词。例如: I almost think you are right.我还不完全相信你是对的。(3)修饰more than
8、和too。例如: Thats almost too much.这简直是太过分了。,2.只能用nearly的场合(1)被very, not, pretty修饰时。例如: Im not nearly ready.我还没有准备好。I know pretty nearly all the secrets of his married life.我几乎知道他的全部婚姻生活的秘密。注意:not nearly=far from,much less than差得远,远远不够。例如: There is not nearly enough money for a new car.买一部新车的钱远远不够。几乎不只能
9、用hardly,不能用nearly not也不能说almost not。(2)表示要做什么事但后来没有做或避开不做时。例如: We nearly called to see you last Saturday.我们上周六差点来看你。,sight,catch sight of out of sight in sight long-sighted short-sighted lose ones sight,n. 眼界, 视野看见在视线之外在视线之内眼光长远, 远视眼目光短浅, 近视失明,sight n. 眼界, 视域catch sight of 看见What can you catch sight
10、 of?out of sight 在视线之外in sight 在视线之内眼不见心不烦out of sight, out of mind.一见钟情。Love at first sight.,practice,Karen waved until the car was _ sight. A. out B. out of C. in D. into,B,Enjoy the story,1. What was the weather like last Sunday?2. What was the writer doing last Sunday?3. What were some children
11、doing on the bank?4. What were the people on the river doing?5. What happened to the man in the boat? 6. Was the man angry or not?,威尔河是横穿过我家附近公园的一条小河。The wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home.,在这句话中，that引导的定语从句修饰 a small river，关系代词that在从句中作主语。地点状语 near my home修饰 the park。,Cut
12、 across,cut across指从某物表面穿过，cut through指从某物中间穿过。 用单词go举一个例子。 过马路 go across the road 穿过森林 go through the forest He cut across the fields so as not to be late. 为了不迟到, 他抄近路穿过田地。 He cut through the crowd. 他硬挤进人群中去。,*cut v. 穿过cut across 直着穿过这个条河横穿过公园。The river cuts across the park.cut a corner走捷径cut a cor
13、ner 走捷径，超近路 When you learn English, never cut a corner. cut sth. into pieces cut off electricity如果你不交房租，我就断水断电。If you dont pay the rent, I will cut off the water and electricity.,我喜欢在天气晴朗的下午到河边坐坐。I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. on fine afternoons在天气晴朗的下午afternoon为复数形式，表示经常性的情况，由于afte
14、rnoon前面有修饰词，因此要用介词on。by the Wayle在威尔河边by在此处表示“在旁边近旁”。,和往常一样上星期日天气很暖和。于是我和往常一样，又去河边坐着。It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.,On the river bank 在河岸上As usual像往常一样,照例 I got up at six that morning as usual. 像往常一样那天早上我六点起床。Yesterday I went to school by bikeas usual. 昨天我像往常一
15、样骑车去上学。As usual, there werent many people at the meeting.像往常一样,来开会的人不多。,河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍，河面上有些人正在划船。Some children were playing games on the bank andtherewere some people rowing on the river.,Rowing 现在分词作定语 分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。现在分词作定语时表示正在发生的动作，这些现在分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态。,后置定语,The
16、 young mansitting between John and Maryis the editor of the campus newspaper.坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。,如： Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise ? Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any noise ? The American president visiting China now will return on
17、Saturday. The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.,突然，一个孩子狠狠地踢了一脚球，球便向着一只划过来的小船飞去。Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat.,（1）go在此处不是指人“走”，而是指球“行进”。（2）passing为现在分词，作定语，表示“经过的”、“划过来的”，如a passing plane（一架飞过的飞机）。,towards
18、prep. 朝，向他朝门口走去。He walked towards the door.同义词辨析：towards, totowards只表示朝着目标移动，如：我们朝北京方向驶去We drove towards Beijing.to含有到达之意，如我们开车去北京。We drove to Beijing.,towards,rep.1. 向,朝;面对I saw her walking towards the bank.我看到她朝银行走去。Jean moved towards the door.琼向门口走过去。,岸上的一些人对着小船上的人高喊，但他没有听见。Some people on the ban
19、k called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.,call out表示“大声呼叫”、“叫喊”，比call语气要重 I heard someone calling out for help.我听到有人在大声呼救。 She called out my name.她大声叫喊我的名字。Mary called out to her father, but he was too far away and couldnt hear her.玛丽对着她的父亲高喊，但他离得太远了，听不到她的喊叫。,球重重地打在他身上，使他差点儿落入水中
20、。The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.,so +形容词+that通常引导结果状语从句，表示“如此以至于”：The book was so interesting that I read it in two hours.这本书如此有趣，我两个小时就把它看完了。The box is so heavy that I cant lift it without your help.这箱子太重了，以至于没有你的帮助我无法把它举起来。,这个结构也可以用于so +副词+that从句结构：He ran so quickly
21、 that no one could catch up with him.他跑得非常快，没人能赶上他。It rained so hard that we couldnt go out.雨下得很大，我们无法出去。在口语中，引导词that往往可以省略。,转过头去看那些孩子，但一个也不见，全都跑了！I turned to look at the children, but there werent any in sight: they had all run away!,（1）any代替 any children。run away逃跑（2） in sight表示“看得见”、“在视野之内”，反义词为
22、out of sight：No bus is in sight.看不见任何公共汽车。Mary came in sight when I was waiting for Lucy.我等露西的时候，玛丽出现了。In the afternoon, we came in sight of the village.下午时，我们见到了那座村庄。George left the store and was soon out of sight.乔治离开了那商店，不久便不见了。,Turn的词组,1. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using
23、 their own cars, and this _ creates further problems. A. in turn B. in all C. take turns D. by turns,转而，依次,总计,A,2. I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please _? A. turned it on B. turned it down C. turned it off D. turned it up,D,3. Dont always _ a dictionary when you meet an unknown word. A. tur
24、n intoB. look to C. turn up D. turn to,变成，翻译成,D,与some意义相近的另一个单词是any，它们都表示“一些”。some通常用于肯定句：There are some eggs in the fridge.冰箱里有些鸡蛋。There is some milk in the fridge.冰箱里有些牛奶。,any通常用于否定句和疑问句中：There isnt any meat in the fridge.冰箱里没肉了。 但是，在疑问句中如果所期望的回答是肯定的，则可以用some：May I have some bread?我可以吃点面包吗？ 你想要喝点什
25、么吗?Would you want some to drink?,当那个人明白了发生的事情时，笑了起来。他大声叫着那些孩子，把球仍回到岸上。The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.realize明白when he realized what had happened.复合句。When引导的时间状语从句中又包含了what引导的宾语从句作realize的宾语。,Chinese-English,威尔河是横穿
26、过我家附近公园的一条小河。The wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home.我喜欢在天气晴朗的下午到河边坐坐。I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.上星期日天气很暖和。于是我和往常一样，又去河边坐着。It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.,Chinese-English,河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍，河面上有些人正在划船。Some children were pl
27、aying games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.突然，一个孩子狠狠地踢了一脚球，球便向着一只划过来的小船飞去。Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat.岸上的一些人对着小船上的人高喊，但他没有听见。Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.,C
28、hinese-English,球重重地打在他身上，使他差点儿落入水中。The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.转过头去看那些孩子，但一个也不见，全都跑了！I turned to look at the children, but there werent any in sight: they had all run away!当那个人明白了发生的事情时，笑了起来。他大声叫着那些孩子，把球仍回到岸上。The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He c
29、alled out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.,Fill in the blanks,The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games
30、 on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.
31、I turned to look at the children, but there werent any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvcv,cvc
32、v,cvcv,cvcv,参考译文威尔河是横穿过我家附近公园的一条小河. 我喜欢在天气晴朗的下午到河边坐坐. 上星期日天气很暖和. 于是我和往常一样, 又去河边坐着. 河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍, 河面上有些人正在划船. 突然, 一个孩子狠狠地踢了一脚球, 球便向着一只划过来的小船飞去. 岸上的一些人对着小船上的人高喊, 但他没有听见. 球重重地打在他身上, 使他差点儿落入水中. 我转过头去看那些孩子, 但一个也不见, 全都跑了!当那个人明白了发生的事情时, 笑了起来. 他大声叫着那些孩子, 把球扔回到岸上.,引导结果状语从句的连词主要有 so/suchthat,so that等。1) so.tha
33、t结构在某种情况下可以与enough to和too.to结构相互转换。例如:She is so short that she cant reach the buttons of the lift. =She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift.2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句,意为结果是;以致于。例如:They missed the bus so that they were late for class.注:so that也可引导目的状语从句,此时可用to或in order to替换,将其改为简单句。例如:He got up e
34、arly so that he could get to school on time. =He got up early to get to school on time. =In order to get to school on time,he got up early.,比较sothat与so thatso that可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句。（1）引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，主句和从句间常用逗号分开，一般不与情态动词连用。Nothing more was heard of him，so that people thought that he was dead.
35、未再听到他的消息，以致人们认为他已死去了。I was caught in a heavy rain，so that all my clothes got wet.我被大雨淋了，所以衣服全都湿了。（2）引导目的状语从句，意为“为了，以便”，通常从句中用may，might，can，could等情态动词。We left early so that we could catch the first bus.我们很早出发，以便能赶上第一班汽车。Speak clearly so that we may understand you.讲话要清楚，以便我们能听明白。注意：so that引导目的状语从句时，可用
36、in order that(以便，为了）替换，以上两句中的so that均可换成in order that。,比较sothat与suchthatsothat的句型构成是so+adj./adv.+that;suchthat的句型构成是such+a(n)+adj.+n.+that;such+adj.+不可数名词+that;such+adj.+复数名词+that。He caught such a bad cold that he coughed day and night.他得了重感冒以致日夜地咳嗽。It is such fine weather that we will go swimming.今
37、天天气那么好我们将去游泳。They are such small shoes that I cant put them on.这双鞋这么小我穿不上。注意：“such+a(n)+adj.+单数名词”结构可以与“so+adj.+a(n)+单数名词”结构互换，其他结构则不可互换。It was such a lovely day that we decided to go outing.It was so lovely a day that we decided to go outing.,(2)当名词前有many，much，few，little修饰时，前面应用so，即so+many (much， f
38、ew， little) + n.+that-clause从句The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own basketball team.史密斯一家有这么多孩子，他们组成了自己的篮球队。There was so little water left that only small children were given some.留下的水不多了，只给小孩分了一些。sothat“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句；so部分放在句首时，句子要倒装。He was so excited that he could not speak.S
39、o excited was he that he could not speak.The box is so heavy that nobody can lift it.So heavy is the box that nobody can lift it.,Rewrite the following sentences using “sothat”,1.The camera cost very much. I didnt buy one.2.The trip cost very little. They all went.3.The star is very far away. We can
40、t see it with out eyes.4.Ed lent me an umbrella （以便我不会在雨中淋湿).5.Miyoko bought a camera (以便她能在北京拍照).,The camera cost so much that I didnt buy one.,The trip cost so little that they all went.,The star is so far away that we cant see it with our eyes.,Ed lent me an umbrella so that I wouldnt get wet in
41、the rain.,Miyoko bought a camera so that she could take pictures in Beijing.,so that 以便，以致 eg: 1)Ed 借给我一把雨伞，好让我不被雨淋湿。 Ed lent me an umbrella _ I wouldnt get wet in the rain. 2)我将我写的东西复习了一遍又一遍，以便不会出错。 I went over what I had written _ _ so that I wouldnt _. so + adj / adv + that + 句子3) 这套衣服很贵，我没买。 The
42、 suit cost _ much _ I didnt buy it.4) 那次旅游很便宜，他们都去了。 The trip cost _ _ _ they all went.,so that,so that,again and,again make any mistakes,so little that,cheap,他努力学习，以便取得好成绩。 He works hard _ he can get good result.2. 老师写得很仔细，是为了让我们看得清楚。 The teacher wrote carefully _ we could see clearly.3. 他太伤心了，以致说不
43、出一个字来。 He is _he cant say a word.4.妹妹身体太弱了，不能再走了。 My sister is _ she cant walk farther.5.他跳得很远，所以得了第一名。 He jumped _he got the first place.,so that,so that,so sad that,so weak that,so far that,The little boy saved every coin_ _he could buy his mother a present on Mothers day.（用所给的短语填空，每个短语只能用一次） She
44、bought a digital camera online _she would save a lot of time. A.so that B.as soon as C.no matter D.such that _fine day it is today! Yes,the sunshine is_beautiful that Id like to go swimming in the sea. A. How, such B. What a, very C. How, so D. What a, so 4. 当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以致于大喊大叫。（根据中文意思完成句子，
45、每空一词。） When the football fans saw Beckham, they got_excited_they cried out. 5. The camera is _expensive_ I cant afford it. A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that,so that,A,D,so that,A,6. Miss Gao asked a question, but it was_that nobody could answer it. A.very difficult B. too diffic
46、ult C. difficult enough D. so difficult7. David was so careless that he didnt find the mistakes in his test paper. （变为简单句） David was_careless_find the mistakes in his test paper. 8. A：The boy is so young that he cant look after himself. B：The boy is not_to look after himself. （改写句子，使B句与A句意思相近）9. The
47、 stone is so heavy that I cant lift it up. It is_a heavy stone_I cant lift it up.（改写句子）,D,too to,old enough,such,that,Grammar,冠词 不定冠词：a, an (泛指)定冠词：the （特指）,Grammar,a, an,冠词,定冠词：,不定冠词：,the,不定冠词indefinite article,用于修饰可数名词单数，当单词以元音音标开始时要用不定冠词an,如果单词以辅音音标开始用不定冠词ae.g: 一本书; 一个苹果 a book; an apple,不定冠词还可以用
48、来修饰一类事物，有时候也可以省略e.g: 猫是可爱的动物。 A cat is a lovely animal. Cat is a lovely animal.,不可数名词加冠词时表示一类事物 苹果是一种水果。 Apple is a fruit.,在感叹句 what.的句式中 What a pretty girl she is!,用在某些表示数量的词组中： a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great many 很多 a dozen 一打a great deal of 大量,如果特指某人、某物或上文提过的人或物时要用定冠词the 我房间里有个冰箱，这个冰箱是蓝色的。 Th
49、ere is a fridge in my room. The fridge is blue.,在姓氏复数前加the，表示一家人 The Bakers came to see me yesterday .,the和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人,表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴,表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物，前面用the the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空,用在序数
50、词和形容词最高级前 January is the first month of the year. Shanghai is the biggest city in China.,表示方向、方位 in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方 in the front 在前面 at the top 在顶部 on the right 在右边,某些固定的表达法in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 .,零冠词在姓名、城市、地名、国名、月份、节日和星期前不加冠词，季
