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1、英语专业四级阅读考纲解读,2015年新版高校英语专业四级考试大纲,测试要求,能读懂英美国家出版的中等难度的文章和材料。能读懂难度相当于美国Newsweek的国际新闻报道。能读懂难度相当于Sons and Lovers的文学原著。能掌握所读材料的主旨大意，了解说明主旨大意的事实和细节；既能理解字面意思，又能根据所读材料进行判断和推理；既能理解个别句子的意义，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系。能在阅读中根据需要自觉地调整阅读速度和阅读技巧。考试时间为35分钟。,测试形式,4篇阅读材料。总阅读字数为1800单词左右。Section A 选择题，共10题Section B简答题，共5题。每题回答不多于10个单
2、词。,测试目的,测试考生通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。既要求准确性，也要求一定的速度。（阅读速度为每分钟120个单词。）,选材原则,题材广泛，包括社会、科技、文化、经济、日常知识、人物传记等。体裁多样，包括记叙、描写、说明、议论、广告或新闻报道等。阅读材料的语言难度中等。,新版大纲题型分布表,新旧题型对比及分析,新题型解读,新题型难度主要来自简答题。简答题作为Section B。真实情况是每篇阅读材料都包含2-3道选择题和1-2道简答题。所以建议做题时，每篇阅读材料的选择题及Section B 相应的简答题，同时处理，一并完成。读文章时注意把握文章首段、首末句、各段首末句等关键信息。历年真题选材
3、集中在社会人文领域的各个方面。关注的话题都不是很大，行文内容也不是非常客观的、无感情的， 而是走心的，细腻的成分多一些。很多文章带有散文的感觉。,题型分类和解题技巧,主旨题考查考生对文章的主题思想、作品基调及文章大意的理解和掌握。经常出现的提问方式有：解题技巧：一，依据主题句判断。二，排除法,细节题主要考查考生对文章中具体信息的理解程度，如具体的时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、数字、方式等，问题通常会以what, why, where, how, how many等疑问词或词组开头，常见的提问方式有：解题技巧：一，判断是正选题还是反选题（incorrect, except等）。二是快速浏览文章段
4、落，找到相关内容。,推理题要求考生根据文章内容对所给选项进行综合判断和选择，考查的不仅是对文章的理解，还有逻辑思维能力和对各种知识的综合运用能力。提问方式有：解题技巧：一，解题思路要广，不能局限在文章的某一段或句子上，要结合上下文进行综合判断，并逐项排查，直到最后确定答案。二，抓住问题的核心，不被选项迷惑，而偏离方向。,态度题考查考生对文章作者或文中涉及的人物看待事物态度的理解程度。考生必须对文章的语调和风格有比较清晰的认识。常见的提问方式有:结题技巧：正确把握作者和文中人物的观点态度。有时候可以直接从上下文中找到答案。,语义题考查考生对个别单词、短语和句子的理解，有一定难度。通常要求考生通过
5、上下文综合各方面的知识之后才能做出判断。常见提问方式有：解题技巧：一，要求对构词法有一定了解，要熟悉各种词根和词缀的意思。二，联系上下文。三，把所选词放到整个文章中去，结合上下文综合判断和推测该词意义。,9大阅读常设题处,一，篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处文章的主题句经常出现在首段，段落的主题句经常出现段首。另外， 首段的末句和第二段的首句也是文章主题句的高发点。文章的尾段和段落的结尾一般会是概括或总结性的陈述，经常会得出某种结论或提出某项建议。因此，文章的篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处经常被作为篇章阅读题设题的重要题眼，而且大多是考查对文章或段落主旨的理解。例1 （2009年第81题）Do you re
6、alize that every time you take a step, the bones in you hip are subjected to forces between four and five times your body weight? When you are running, this force is increased further still81. According to the passage, when would most weight be imposed on hip-joints? A. When one is walking. B. When
7、one is running. C. When one is standing. D. When one is lying down.答案为B。事实细节题。篇首命题。,例2 （2013年第84题）Great speaking ability is not something were born with. Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules y
8、ou have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.84. According to the passage, which of the following best explains the authors view on “great speaking ability”? A. It comes from observing rules. B. It can be perfected with easy effort. C. It can be acquired from birth. D. It
9、 comes from learning and practice.答案为D。事实细节题。,二，语义转折处。 作者常常会借用转折连词或副词来引出某项重要的事实或观点，转折词之后的内容往往表达的是作者真实的写作目的、观点或态度，因此出题人经常会围绕转折词前后的内容来设题。 常见的表转折关系的连词或副词有however, but, yet, nevertheless, while, though, although, at the same time等。此外，indeed, in fact, virtually, practically也常常用来表示前后语义的转折。例 （2014年第83题）The
10、 old boys ran from wall to wall while the new boys tried to catch them: when one was seized and the mystic words saidone, two, three, and a pig for mehe became a prisoner and, turning sides, helped to catch those who were still free. Philip saw a boy running past and tried to catch him, but his limp
11、 gave him no chance; and the runners taking their opportunity, made straight for the ground he covered.83. In the game Philip lost his ground because_ A. the game wasnt fit for new boys like him. B. the playground wasnt big enough for the game. C. he did not know the rules of the game. D. he could n
12、ot run as quickly as other boys.答案为D。事实细节题。转折处命题。,三，语义对比或比较处 阅读文章中，经常会出现新老观点的对比、错误与正确观点的对比、新事物与旧事物的对比，以及两种或多种事物的优点、缺点、用途、功能、原理等比较，这些对比或比较处也常常会成为设题点。 有时句中会有明确地表示对比或比较关系的词语，有时也可能没有，而是暗含的对比或比较。常见的表示对比或比较关系的词或短语有while, whereas, than, compared with, in contrast to等。解题时要留意这些词或短语，并注意出现比较级、最高级的地方，另外要注意弄清对比或
13、比较的对象。,例 （2012年第99题） Cairo, a dusty city of 20 million people, is a place where time seems to both stand still and rush into utter chaos. It is a place where the ancient and contemporary happily go along on parallel tracks. Take the Great Pyramids of Giza, sitting on the western edge of the city. Ev
14、en as the setting sun silhouettes these gigantic structures against the great desert expanse, a call for prayer floats over semi-finished apartment blocks filled with the activity of city life. While careful planning for the afterlife may lie buried underground in Cairo, it is noise and confusion on
15、 the streets. Donkey carts battle for space with pedestrians and the only operative road rule is “might is right”. But it is a city that is full of lifefrom the small roadside restaurants to the coffee shops where men and women smoke the shisha(水烟壶).99. Which pair of words/phrases indicates contrast
16、? A. Gigantic structure; great desert expanse B. a call for prayers; men and women with the shisha C. chaos; maddening D. coffee shops; pyramids答案为D。推理判断题。对比处命题。第六段指出开罗是一个现代与古代并存的城市。接着第七段描述了庄重肃穆的埃及金字塔，第八段描述了喧嚣吵闹的城市生活。金字塔是古代的标志，咖啡馆是现代的象征，二者正好形成古今对照。 Gigantic structure（巨大的建筑）存在于great desert expanse（广大
17、的沙漠）中，二者不存在对比关系； call for prayers(祈祷声)以及men and women with the shisha（抽水烟的男女）均是城市生活的体现，二者不存在对比关系； chaos与maddening表达意思相近，不形成对比。,四，并列、列举或举例处 并列、列举处是指用First(ly), Second(ly), Third(ly), Finally, Not onlybut also, In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, Above all, On the one hand, on the other hand等表示顺承或并列关系
18、的词语列举出的一系列并列的事实情况。 为了是自己的观点更有说服力、更加准确，作者还经常会使用举例的方法来进行论证，常由as, such as, for example, for instance, take as an example等引出。例 （2009年第88题） One important caution about fake phoning. The other day I was fake phoning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he w
19、anted to ask about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some time, so I continued fake phoning with my doctor. “So I dont need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news.” And then: Brrrrrng! Brrrrrng! Brrrrrng! My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted
20、 on my face. My colleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. “What is the matter with this thing?” I said, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my ear.88. What does the last example show? A. One effective way is to fake phone ones doctor. B. One has to b
21、e careful while fake phoning. C. Fake phoning may not deceive people. D. Fake phoning is always quite successful.答案为B。 推理判断题。举例处命题。,五，因果关系处一般来说，考查因果关系有两种形式：给出原因推结果，或是给出结果找原因。例（2008年第91题） After an hour and a half, I pulled my cell phone out to call the friends I was supposed to meet that evening. An
22、officer rushed over, “No phones!” he said. “For all we know you could be calling a terrorist cell and giving them information.”91. She was not allowed to call her friends because A. her identity hadnt been confirmed yet. B. she had been held for only one hour and a half. C. there were other families
23、 in the waiting room. D. she couldnt use her own cell phone.答案为A。推理判断题。因果处命题。,六，观点态度处 文章中作者对某人或某事的观点或态度以及文章中涉及的其他人或组织机构的观点或态度也常常受到出题人的青睐。解题时要留意文章中出现doubt, appreciate, hate, against, fearful等表达观点态度的词语，还要留意一些带有感情色彩的特殊句式（祈使句、感叹句、反问句等）例 （2014年第85题） The game was forgotten in the entertainment of Philips
24、deformity. Philip was completely scared. He could not make out why they were laughing at him. His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe, and he was more frightened than he had ever been in his life. He stood still stupidly while the boys ran round him, mimicking and laughing; they shouted to hi
25、m to try and catch them; but he did not move. He did not want them to see him run any more. He was using all his strength to prevent himself from crying.85. How did Philip feel in the end? A. he was ashamed of himself. B. he was very nervous. C. he was really horrified. D. he felt himself stupid.答案为
26、C。观点态度题。态度处命题。,七，引言处作者在论证自己的观点或描述别人的观点时，常会引言他人或组织机构的话语、论断或发现，出题人常会在此处设计题眼。例 (2013年第86题) Every business needs two things, says Skullcandy CEO Rick Alden: inspiration and desperation. In 2001, Alden had both. Hed sold two snowboarding business, and he was desperately bored. But he had an idea: He want
27、ed to make a new kind of headphone. “I kept seeing people missing their cell phone calls because they were listening to music,” he explains. “Then Im in a chairlift, Ive got my headphones on, and I realize my phone is ringing. As I take my gloves off and reach for my phone, I think, It cant be that
28、tough to make headphones with two plugs, one for music and one for your cell phone.” Alden described what he wanted to a designer, perfected a prototype, and outsourced manufacturing overseas.86. Alden came up with the idea of a new kind of headphone because he _ A. was no longer in snowboarding bus
29、iness. B. had no other business opportunities. C. was very fond of modern music. D. saw an inconvenience among mobile users.答案为D。推理判断题。引言处命题。,八，特殊标点处特殊标点符号主要包括：破折号（主要表示解释或补充说明）；括号（主要表示解释）；冒号（主要表示解释或列举）；引号（主要表示引用或引号内内容有特殊含义）；分号（主要表示并列或进一步解释说明）等。出题人经常会针对这些特殊标点的前后内容设题，考查考生对特殊标点的含义及其前后内容关系的准确理解。例 （2010年
30、第82 题）What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosityhe wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curios
31、ity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions, whether of pure or applied knowledge, and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.82. Which of the following statements is IN
32、CORRECT about curiosity? A. it gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work. B. it gives rise to interest to problems that are unexplained. C. it leads to efforts to investigate potential connections. D. it encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.答案为A。事实细节题。破折号处命题。,九，指代处为了简洁明了
33、地表达人、物或事及其逻辑关系作者常会利用各种代词来代替前面提过的人、物或事。当代词前后的句子结构比较复杂、代词与其代替的人、物或事相隔较远或代词周围出现多个事物时，这种指代关系往往不容易一下就区分清楚，因而常常被作为设题点。例（2008年第88题）As a matter of fact, all the planets, except the one we live on, bear names that come from Roman mythology, including the planet that is farthest away from the sun and for that
34、 reason was called after the Roman god of the dead.88. According to the passage, which of the following does NOT have origins in myths or legends? A. Jovial. B. Wednesday C. Earth D. March答案为C。事实细节题。指代处命题。,猜测词义的方法,专四阅读对词汇量要求很高，难免会遇到不认识的单词。需要考试猜词义。上下文猜词法。重点关注”I mean, that is to say, or in other words
35、, which equals to”另外，破折号、冒号也有解释的功能。构词法分析。通过词缀来猜词义。比如mistreatment，treat表示“对待”，而mis-前缀表示“错误的”，mistreat表示“错误地对待”即“虐待”之意，最后加上-ment后缀，使之成为名词性质的单词。对比猜词法。如果同一个难词在文中不止一次出现，可以把与这个词相关的语境作对比，从而揣摩词义。巧妙绕开生词。英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是等同的。有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能，而有些主要起语法作用，或者它传达的信息和上下文的其他信息没有联系。这类词有：表示人名、地名、机构名等专有名词。只要能识别是专有名词，就能理解文章的意思。,简答题做题技巧,同一篇文章的简答题一定要跟选择题一起做！同一篇文章的简答题一定要跟选择题一起做！同一篇文章的简答题一定要跟选择题一起做！简答题字数不能超过10个单词。否则扣分。这种迅速找到有用的信息、快速归纳提炼的能力需要平时刻意练习。尽量用原文信息作答，但是原文信息比较啰嗦，就要转变为更为简练的同义表达法。所问信息文中无法直接找到的，需要在对文章理解透彻的基础上进行提炼总结。平时需要刻意练习.,给考生的复习建议,
