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1、阅读理解解题技巧,1. Do you have great difficulty in finishing reading comprehension in the exam? 2. Which kinds of questions do you feel difficult to answer?,Think about,要求考生根据所提供的不同体裁和题材的阅读材料,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。主要考查学生通过阅读获取信息的能力,培养其判断、推理及概括的能力。阅读材料的生词率不超过3%(其中不包括在文中已加注汉语的词语),学生的阅读速度控制在每分钟5070个单词。,中考阅读理解要求：
2、,阅读理解四步曲,1.先读问题，弄清考点。2.快速浏览全文，掌握全貌。3.细读原文，捕捉相关信息词。4.重读原文，仔细核对答案。,安徽省考题要求考生能读懂书报杂志中关于一般性的简短文段以及公告说明广告等,并能从中获取相关的信息。1 理解主旨和要义 2 理解文中的具体位置3 根据上下文推断生词的词义4 作出判断和推理5 理解文章的基本结构6 理解作者的意图观点和态度,1.The Fact Question (查找事实、细节型)2.New words in the Context (猜测词义型)3.The Inference Question (判断推理型)4.The Title/Main ide
3、a Question (概括主旨大意型),The main question patterns,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词 义 猜 测 型,命 题 类,推 理 判 断 型,Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension,一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）,1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。,2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。,3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。,(正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。,1)
4、What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar-ize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,阅读理解基础训练,The Title/Main idea Question,-主旨
5、大意题,Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operate
6、s as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）society.,练习题,细节题,解释,Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the ma
7、in idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.,文章,解释,【解析】答案为C。take sth.
8、 away of sb.和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。,文章,Exercise 1 The thing that works best to make life worthwhile That costs the least and does the most, is just a pleasant smile. It pays more money back-for it i
9、s simply lent. It s worth a million dollars, and it doesnt cost a cent. It cheers us up to try again when troubles make us blue. The words of encouragement are good for me and you. So, smile away! People understand what by a smile is meant. Its worth a million dollars, and it doesnt cost a cent. Wha
10、t is the title of the poem? A. Let us Make Life. B Let us Smile Away C. Let us Cheer Up D. Let us Try Again,(B),Exercise 2 Its important to tell children the truth what theyve done. Honest feedback is far better than empty praise. Duke adds. “People have got into the habit of not telling children wh
11、en theyre wrong. That makes it hard for them to deal with difficulties when they grow up. Thats just how the world is.What is the paragraph mainly about? _A. Its important to have the habit of praising children.B. We should praise children honestly and tell them their mistakes.C. Children should kno
12、w their mistakes as soon as possible.D. What children with high self-confidence are like.,(B),Exercise 3 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No teaching method
13、 can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. The main idea of the passage is_,No teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,Exercise 4Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful as a flashlight to
14、a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.The passage is mainly about_,In fact, the modern f
15、lashlight brings light to many dark situations.,Exercise 5 Good afternoon. This is your captain speaking. We have been warned of the danger of strong air turbulence ahead for the next forty miles or so. Passengers are therefore strongly asked to remain in their seats with their seatbelt on for their
16、 safety and not to use the restrooms during that dangerous period if at all possible. During the time young children should be firmly fastened into their seats.The best title for this passage would be_ A. The Captain and the Passengers B. Something About the Strong Air Turbulence C. For your Own Saf
17、ety D. Dont Move Around and Keep Still,(C),文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。,提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。,事实细节型,解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。,1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the tex
18、t?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?,在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：,阅读理解基础训练,The Fact Question,-事实细节型,Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 27
19、5,Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a
20、 woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.,解释,文章,The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy v
21、alue of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows,练习题,解释,第三节,【解析】答案为 D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案为 C 。 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容
22、是否正确。很易找出 C 符合图表内容。,文章,Exercise1 I never wanted a dog, but now Im so glad I have one. About two years ago, my wife, Cathy, got a little dog with a face only its mother could love. We named her Gertie.,What did the manthink of the dogat the beginning? A. It looked very beautiful. B. it wasnt very lov
23、ely. C. It wasnt necessary to be trained. D. it could change his life.,(B),Exercise 2 One day Mrs. White went to buy a fish with her daughter. She didnt know how to cook it, so she asked the shopkeeper to write down the way of cooking it on a note. She put the note in her daughters pocket and then t
24、hey left the shop happily with the fish. On their way home, a black cat saw them and followed them. Suddenly the cat jumped at her, took the fish away from her quickly and ran off at once. Mrs. White didnt know what to do. But suddenly she remembered something. She laughed and shouted at the cat, Yo
25、u dont know how to cook it. The note is still in my daughters pocket!The cat took the fish away from_ A. the shop B. the woman C. the womans daughter D. Mr. Black,(B),Exercise 3 There re many different kinds of food in China. Some of them are very popular. Everyone in China likes dumplings very much
26、, and there are many different kinds of dumplings. Some have meat in them and others have vegetables, eggs and so on. I like dumplings without meat better than any other kind. Does the writer like the dumplings without meat? A. I dont know. B. Yes, he does. C. No, he doesnt. D. No, he likes dumpling
27、s that have meat in them.,(B),同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。,反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。,释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。,词义猜测型,情景推断法、代词替代法等,判断词义,1）文中找线索或信息词;2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。,做题要领,阅读理解基础训练,New words in the Contex
28、t,-词义猜测型,Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewiv
29、es and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.,解 释,第四节,解 释,这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （educated）和没有受过教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选 C 项。,本题答案选C, Is it difficult for you to get up
30、 in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?合成词：睡过头over=too muchovercrowded, overworked,Tip1: 根据合成词中的已知词含义进行整合，放入语境中进行猜测。,Tip2:根据生词中已学的词干和前后缀进行推测。,With their shining brown eyes, and unconditional help, dogs can provide the blind with confidence. 无条件的Prefixes: un, ir, dis, im., The old woman has a st
31、range habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors also called her an eccentric ksntrk lady. kind B. strange C. special D. strict Twelveyearold Sally was an active girl，but her sister was quite sedate sdet. A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic,(B),(B),Tip3:利用近义词猜测词义.(关键词：also, tha
32、t is to say; as well as)利用反义词猜测词义.(关键词： but ,never, unlike, however, instead, on the other hand.),Tip4: 根据上下文语境翻译该生词所在的句子，然后进行判断。, This is the most sidesplitting story Ive ever read. I couldnt help laughing after I finished it. Be ready to laugh your heart out. What does sidesplitting mean? A. simpl
33、e B. funny C. serious D. difficult,(B),Be punctual pktl when you are going to the party. Never be late.Pantomime pantmam means a short play in which no words are spoken.For players, playing well and winning are often life-and-death events.,Practice makes perfect,生死攸关的,哑剧,准时的,推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，
34、着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断题（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断型常见的命题方式有： The passage implies (暗示) that_. We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage t
35、hat_.Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?What is the tone (语气) of the author ?What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?Where would this passage most probably appear?,阅读理解基础训练,The Inference Question,-推理判断型,Passage 1 The concept (n. 观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an
36、 important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 个人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的 ) a
37、nd moral boundaries ( n.界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，劳
38、心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise.,练习题,解释,P5,Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions c
39、ould lead to poor health.,文章,解析：据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选 D 。选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。,文章,Passage 2 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成绩 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi.认为). As an exa
40、- mple of the latter (adj. 近来的 ) point ( n.观点 ), he notes ( vi.特别指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使变得更紧 ) grading standards (及格标准 ) and restore ( vt.恢复使用 ) failing grades (不及格分数或标准 ).,练习题,解释,总结,Q: It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tigh
41、ten their grading standards because they believe_.rewarding poor performance ( n.成绩 ) may kill the creativity of students .B. punishment is more effective than rewarding. C. failing (v. 给不及格 ) uninspired students helps improve their overall (adj.全面的 ) academic (adj.学校的 ) standards.D. Discouraging (
42、vt.使失去信心 ) the students anticipation ( n.预期之事物 ) for easy rewards is a matter of urgency ( n.紧急 ).,文章,解析: 问题是文中 Eisenberger 举的一个例子,通过例证题目的考点分析, 我们知道一般例子前后总结性的话(论点)是解决问题的关键,这样我们就可以判断出该例要说明的问题(答案:A) The topic sentence: A teacher ends up with uninspired (without creativity) students.译: 假设老师总让学生关注奖励,或对表
43、现一般的学生也给高分,那么学生们最终都会不求进取,没有灵感及想象力。,文章,Exercise 1 One day a young man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant, “ Could I have two mice and about twenty roaches(蟑螂)?”“ Why do you need these things?” The shop assistant was very surprised. “Well, answered the young man, “Im moving out of m
44、y apartment and the landlord said that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.” From the passage we know the apartment may be _ before the young man moved into it. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects(昆虫),D,E
45、xercise 2 He was struggling to tie his shoes. I was struggling with whether I should help him. I did and he was thankful. “Tell me about the world as you see it.” I ask. “ Most people can see if someone is comfortable with them or not in their eyes. I see it in their feet,” he said. “ If people keep
46、 moving their feet, I just let them go , because I know theyre impatient with me. I dont want to make people uncomfortable.” “What about me?” I asked.“ I could see your compassion（同情心）. And then you came down to my level. I was the one who was nervous,” he said,“ I dont normally have someone look at
47、 me in the eyes.” “ They dont know what theyre missing,” I told him.,We can infer from the passage that_ A. the disabled man had something wrong with the mans level. B. not many people went down to the mans level. C. the man was good at telling people about the world. D. the writer would not give th
48、e man more help.,(B),Exercise 3首句： People know the dangers of fires.Its good for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire.Here are some suggestions.末句：There are many possible causes for fires.A wise family is ready all the time.If there is a fire,dont forget to call 119 for help.,( )55.What is th
49、e best title for this passage? A.The Dangers of a Fire. B.The Causes of a Fire. C.Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher. D.Be Ready for a Fire. 解析：根据文章的首、尾句都含有“准备”的意思， 所以选D.,D,What have we learned today?,Summary and suggestions,Dont be frightened. Just go on reading and use the skills. Be confident and b
50、elieve I can do it.,* Pay attention to the usage of the Cleft Sentence and Non-Predicate Verbs. * Learn to apply these skills to finish exercises on Reading Comprehension.,Practice makes Perfect!,Conclusion:,Review the exercisesII. Learn the methods by heartIII. Learn to apply them skillfully,Homewo
