《匆匆英译版本的对比及赏析ppt课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《匆匆英译版本的对比及赏析ppt课件.ppt（29页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、朱自清（18981948），原名自华、号秋实，改名自清；原籍浙江绍兴，生于江苏省东海县（今连云港 市东海县平明镇）；现代杰出的散文家、诗人、学者、民主战士。主要作品有背影、春、梅雨潭的绿、荷塘月色。,燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了罢：现在又到了哪里呢？我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。去的
2、尽管去了，来的尽管来着；去来的中间，又怎样地匆匆呢？早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转。于是洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过，从我脚边飞去了。等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。我掩着面叹息。但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？过去的日子
3、如轻烟，被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢？我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸的回去罢？但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？,民主战士朱自清于1922年3月28日创作的散文匆匆作为短短600余字的散文， 题为匆匆， 却非“匆匆” 之作， 饱含着深刻的文学意蕴。从历史内容层面读匆匆， 掠过“五四” 知识青年忙于追求进步的匆匆身影； 从哲学意味层读匆匆， 饱含时间流逝的思辨； 从审美意蕴层读匆匆， 感受情景交融的意境， 丰富的意象。文章紧扣“匆匆”二字，细腻地刻画了时间流逝的踪迹，表达了作者对时光流
4、逝的无奈和惋惜。文章的特点：一是结构精巧，层次清楚，转承自然，首尾呼应；二是文字清秀隽永，纯朴简练；三是情景交融，无论是写燕子、杨柳、桃花，还是写太阳，都与“我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢”的感叹融为一体，处处流露出作者对时光流逝感到无奈和惋惜。,Rush 译By 朱纯深Swallows may have gone, but there is a time of return; willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of re-greening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they
5、will bloom again. Now, you the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? - If they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could he hide them? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment?I dont know how many days I have been given t
6、o spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty. Taking stock silently, I find that more than eight thousand days have already slid away from me. Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean, my days are dripping into the stream of time, soundless, trace-less. Alread
7、y sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes.,Those that have gone have gone for good, those to come keep coming; yet in between, how swift is the shift, in such a rush? When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun marks its presence in my small room in two or three oblongs.
8、 The sun has feet, look, he is treading on, lightly and furtively; and I am caught, blankly, in his revolution. Thus-the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal, and passes away before my day-dreaming gaze as reflect in silence. I can feel his h
9、aste now, so I reach out my hands to hold him back, but he keeps flowing past my withholding hands. In the evening, as I lie in bed, he strides over my body, glides past my feet, in his agile way. The moment I open my eyes and meet the sun again, one whole day has gone. I bury my face in my hands an
10、d heave a sigh. But the new day begins to flash past in the sigh.What can I do, in this bustling world, with my days flying in their escape? Nothing but to hesitate, to rush. What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush, apart from hesitating? Those bygone days have been dispersed as smoke
11、 by a light wind, or evaporated as mist by the morning sun. What traces have I left behind me? Have I ever left behind anygossamer tracesat all? I have come to the world, stark naked; am I to go back, in a blink, in the same stark nakedness? It is not fair though: why should I have made such a trip
12、for nothing!You the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return?28 March,1922,Transient Days 译 By 张培基 If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. But, tell me, you the wise, why should
13、 our days go by never to return? Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and where could he hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at the present moment? I dont know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of then is un
14、doubtedly wearing away. Counting up silently, I find that more than 8000 days have already slipped away through my fingers. Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean, my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace. At the thought of this, sweat ooze
15、s from my forehead and tears trickle down my cheeks.,What is gone is gone, what is to come keeps coming. How swift is the transition in between! When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun casts two or three squarish patches of light into my small room. The sun has feet too, edging away softly an
16、d stealthily. And, without knowing it, I am already caught in its revolution. Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my meal; passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie. Aware of its fleeting presence,
17、I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my outstretched hands. In the evening, when I lie on my bed, it nimbly strides over my body and flits past my feet. By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again, another day is already gone. I heave a sigh, my head buried in my hands. But, in
18、 the midst of my sighs, a new day is flashing past. Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions, what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life? What have I been doing during the 8000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering? The bygone days, like wisps of smoke
19、, have been dispersed by gentle winds, and, like thin mists, have been evaporated by the rising sun. What traces have I left behind? No, nothing, not even gossamer-like traces. I have come to this world stark naked, and in the twinkling of an eye, I am to go back as stark naked as ever. However, I a
20、m taking it very much to heart: why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing at all? O you the wise, would you tell me please: why should our days go by never to return?,原名：匆匆译名：张培基：Transient Days 朱纯深：Rush对比：匆匆一词，朱翻时采取了直译，“Rush”本身就有“匆匆”之意，而张翻时则取意译“Transient Days - 转瞬即逝的日子”来代指，二者一动一静，一
21、张一弛。审视原文，“匆匆”在汉语中乃是叠词，连读之间有轻促之感，令人生出急切之情，朱自清通篇抒写“时光匆匆不我待”的感慨，却不选用更加贴切的“时光匆匆”作为文题，一则因为“匆匆”更为简洁，含蓄，二则因其更具音韵美和感染力，符合汉语的表达习惯，但在转译为英语时，“Rush”虽然也能传达“匆匆”之意，但更多地体现在人的行动处，且有急躁鲁莽的意思，兼“rush”本身词义分散广阔，不易于英语读者联想到时间流逝之遽而产生歧义。两者相比，张翻的“Transient Days”变通地采取了意译，“transient”也是标准的书面语散文体，“转瞬即逝的日子”一目了然，符合英语读者习惯，故认为张翻版本更胜一筹
22、，私以为“Rushing Time/Days”亦比较合适。,原文：燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。翻译：张培基：If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again. If peaches shed their blossoms, they will flower again. 朱纯深：Swallows may have gone, but there is a time of return; willow trees m
23、ay have died back, but there is a time of re-greening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again.对比：翻译此排比句式时，张朱两位翻译大家都作了注解，让我们得以一窥译者思路： “张培基：原文开头三个句子结构类似，译文采用三个相应的句式，力求形似。同时，每句均以if从句为首，使人想起英国诗人雪莱（Shelley）的名句If Winter comes，can Spring be far away，有助于烘托原文的韵味。” “朱纯深：文章一开头，用了一个三重排比句，具有很强
24、的气势。英译时采用了相应的句式，但为了避免过多重复而显得单调，在最后一部分稍作改变，不用there is a time of re-blooming。”可见二位翻译大家在处理这一排比句式时都各有考量各有千秋，但在句式处理上都追求与原文的对应与形似，朱翻时采用了“may have done， but there is a time of”句式，看似与原句“x了，有x的时候”的时态对应，实则“may have done”在运用时又多了“也许，可能”之意，多了揣测的可能性，令句意稍有偏曲；盖因原句中的“去了，枯了，谢了”并非纯粹表示过去时态，而是以燕去燕归，柳枯柳绿，花谢花开这几个意象来表示时光流逝
25、，万物枯荣的常态，这一常态是一直存在，四季轮回的，反观张翻版本的“If.will” 这一句式则更加切合时态，简洁明了，易于把握中心，与雪莱名诗相仿，更有韵味。,原文：我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；象针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。翻译：张培基：I dont know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of then is undoubtedly wearing away. Counting u
26、p silently, I find that more than 8000 days have already slipped away through my fingers. Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean, my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace. At the thought of this, sweat oozes from my forehead and tears trick
27、le down my cheeks.朱纯深：I dont know how many days I have been given to spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty. Taking stock silently, I find that more than eight thousand days have already slid away from me. Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean, my days
28、are dripping into the stream of time, soundless, trace-less. Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes.,对比：在阅读两个翻译版本时，不难发现朱翻版本更多的是直译，尤以首句和末句为甚，而张翻则是直译与意译相合，在忠实原文的基础上稍加意译，更易于读者理解和把握文章内涵。如“但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了”，朱直接翻译为“but I do feel my hands are getting empty”，转折稍显突兀，无形的时间与有形的手之
29、间的联系也没能直接表现出来；而张翻则以意译法处理：“but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away”，quota of them 意为“一定数额的日子”，也即“寿命的预期数额”，补充了“手渐渐空虚”的内容物，“wearing away”意为“cause something to become thin，damaged，weak，by constant use”也很是贴切，“-ing”形式也更富有动感，令人如可捉摸，感触到这逝去的时间。而“从我手中溜去”，朱翻为“slid away from me”，张翻为“slipped away throug
30、h my fingers”，虽为细节，但张的版本化无形为有形，忠实可感。但在“象针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音也没有影子”这一句的翻译时，朱的版本更要可圈可点，“Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean, my days are dripping into the stream of time, soundless, trace-less”，不论是“disappearing into”，还是“soundless，trace-less”，既符合了原文，又点出了时
31、间如水滴入大海，消融无形，无声无迹的空茫感觉，也有形式美。最后一句“我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了”的翻译，朱翻版本则很是突兀，“Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes”，没有承接，难免令读者困惑，而张翻版本则添加了“At the thought of this(一想到这儿）”，承上启下，原文虽无其字而有其意，属于增译，灵活处理，令人叹服。,原文：去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着，去来的中间，又怎样的匆匆呢？张培基译： What is gone is gone, what is to come kee
32、ps coming. How swift is the transition in between!朱纯深译：Those that have gone have gone for good, those to come keep coming; yet in between, how swift is the shift, in such a rush?对比： 此句中最明显的不同就是对“又怎样的匆匆呢？”这句的翻译。朱的翻译遵循原文将此句翻译为疑问句“in such a rush？”而张的翻译则将此句翻译成为感叹句“How swift is the transition on between!
33、 朱的翻译直白通俗，与原文一一对应，有利于读者的理解。但张的翻译则能表现作者想要表达的意思-时间流逝之快令人感叹。所以此处用！更能表达作者对于时间的匆匆的震惊和无奈。 其次是关于“去来的中间”这句的翻译。朱的翻译是“yet in between, how swift is the swift”张的翻译是“How swift is the transition in between!”两者都突出了swift这个词，前者比较直白忠于原文，后者则用how 句型突出swift给人更加强烈的冲击。,原文：早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。张培基译：When I get up in the m
34、orning, the slanting sun casts two or three squarish patches of light into my small room. 朱纯深译：When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun marks its presence in my small room in two or three oblongs.对比：对于“射进”这词的翻译，朱译为“marks its presence”有种将阳光拟人的味道，是一种静态的描述，虽有文学的美感但是和原文“射进”一次传达的动感有出入。张译为“casts .in
35、to”意思是“投入”与原文“射进”更加吻合和朝气蓬勃。对于“两三方斜斜的太阳”的翻译，朱译为“two or three oblongs.”“oblongs”意思是“长方体的”。有过生活体验的同学应该不难发现从外处射进的阳光的确有时会呈现长方体的的形态。朱的翻译侧重对于阳光的形态描写。张译为“ two or three squarish patches ”意思是近似方形的图形。不难看出张的翻译是进一步改进了朱的翻译的，将阳光的斑驳之感描绘出来，给人如临其境的感觉。,原文：我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身边垮过，从我脚边飞去了。张培
36、基： Aware of its fleeting presence, I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my outstretched hands. In the evening, when I lie on my bed, it nimbly strides over my body and flits past my feet.朱纯深： I can feel his haste now, so I reach out my hands to hold him back, but he keeps flowing past my
37、 withholding hands. In the evening, as I lie in bed, he strides over my body, glides past my feet, in his agile way. 朱纯深的译文完全直译，忠实于原文，除了添加一些连词如so、but、as外，英译版本的结构以及用词基本与中文源文基本一致。张培基译文句式与用词更为贴近英语表达，符合英语习惯，读来顺口舒服。句式更为简练，用词更加精到。,等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。朱纯深：The moment I open my eyes and meet the sun again, o
38、ne whole day has gone. 张培基：By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again, another day is already gone. 两种译文的结构基本相似，都为时间状语从句与主句的组合。但是朱纯深译文中的“The moment”更有动态意义，一睁开眼便意识到时日又已溜走，更完整地表达出了作者对时光流逝的敏锐观察力，突出了作者对时光的在意。而张培基版本则更为委婉，文学性更强。,原文：我掩着面叹息。但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。朱纯深：I bury my face in my hands and
39、heave a sigh. But the new day begins to flash past in the sigh.张培基：I heave a sigh, my head buried in my hands. But, in the midst of my sighs, a new day is flashing past.朱纯深版译文忠实于中文原文，结构与中文完全一样，较于死板。而张培基译文则更符合英语表达习惯，第一句中分主句与独立主格结构，第二句也分主要和次要句子成分。总体来说，张培基版译文更易为英语读者接受。,原文：在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只有
40、徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？张翻：Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions, what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life? What have I been doing during the 8000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering? 朱翻：What can I do, in this bustling world, with my d
41、ays flying in their escape? Nothing but to hesitate, to rush. What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush, apart from hesitating? 分析：首先，对比两个译文，朱翻是偏向于直译的，而张翻则是偏向于意译，“逃去如飞”、“千门万户”这样的四字成语，朱翻和张翻都按照自己的理解去翻译。先看到朱翻，他把“我能做些什么呢”翻成“What can I do”并置于句首，强调时间飞逝而自己又不能留下什么的无助感。“逃去如飞”、“千门万户”直接译成“days fly
42、ing in their escape”“bustling world”，通俗易懂，结构清晰，不过就缺少一点音韵美。而张翻则用“fleeting days”“teeming millions”来翻译，如果单看teeming(丰富的)和millions(百万)，一般人想不出这两个词可以如何联系在一起，而张翻运用这两个词都表达“多”的含义，来表示“千门万户的世界”，语言水平较高，张翻把第一句和第二句的第一个分句合在一起翻译，简练之余又衔接有序，“waver and wander”“transient”分别表示徘徊和匆匆。“在八千多日的匆匆里”，朱是直接用“eight-thousand-day ru
43、sh”，而张翻是“ the 8000 fleeting days”，相比较而言，张翻是更有动感，“fleeting”是飞逝的意思。总体来说，朱翻句式比较单调，也简单易懂，而张翻辞藻较华丽些。,原文：过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着象游丝样的痕迹呢？翻译：张培基：The bygone days, like wisps of smoke, have been dispersed by gentle winds, and, like thin mists, have been evaporated by the rising sun. What t
44、races have I left behind? No, nothing, not even gossamer-like traces.朱纯深：Those bygone days have been dispersed as smoke by a light wind, or evaporated as mist by the morning sun. What traces have I left behind me? Have I ever left behind anygossamer tracesat all?对比：对比两个翻译版本，我们能发现朱纯深更多地是遵循原文句式，一一对应，而
45、张培基则是打破原文的结构，优先选择把内在情感表达出来再选择合适的句式。对“过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了”这句的翻译中，张培基使用连词“and”把原文两个比喻修辞形成一个并列句（compound sentence），句式简洁，而且张培基多运用逗号把句子各成分分开，使译句充满灵动感。而朱纯深则完全按照原文的格式，未免显得有点累赘。对“我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着象游丝样的痕迹呢？”这句的翻译中，张培基选择了设问的形式，答句使用“no, nothing”加强了语气，表达出一丝悲伤的感情。而朱纯深使用一个特殊疑问句和一个普通疑问句，虽然在句式上显得有点死板，但是普通疑问句有点
46、类似责问自己，能让人感同身受。,原文：我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢？译文：张培基：I have come to this world stark naked, and in the twinkling of an eye, I am to go back as stark naked as ever.朱纯深：I have come to the world, stark naked; am I to go back, in a blink, in the same stark nakedness?对比：原文虽是一个疑问句，但表达的却是一个揣测语气的肯定句。张培基译文采用肯定句的
47、形式，直接表达出原作者的意思，而朱纯深依然采用普通疑问句，与原文表达意思有所偏差。但是对于“转眼间”这一短语，张培基使用“in the twinkling of an eye”，把内里意思表达了出来，但是显得过长，打破了译文的节奏感；而朱纯深使用短句，使译文带有韵律感。个人建议“am I go back”可以改成“am I not go back”，这既保留了疑问句的形式，又增强了语气。两位译者的译文各有千秋，同时也各有小缺憾，这也是我们以后面对翻译方式选择时该思考的。,原文：但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？译文：张培基：However, I am taking it very much
48、 to heart: why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing at all?朱纯深：It is not fair though: why should I have made such a trip for nothing!对比：两位译者采取了不同的方式，但都表达出了强烈的情感。张培基依旧是采取优先表达原文意思，把“不能平的”的本意“我自己内心一直不能释怀的”传达出来；而朱纯深则继续采取直译，遵循原文格式，逐字对应，把其译为“it is not fair though”。个人认为张培基的意译版本更为贴切。,原文：你
49、聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？朱译：You the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return?张译：O you the wise, would you tell me please: why should our days go by never to return?分析：总地来说，朱纯深的译文较为简练，与原文对应程度更高。如“告诉我”，朱纯深直白地翻译为“tell me”，而张培基则用委婉的问句“would you tell me please”。另外，对于时间的流逝，朱纯深使用“leave”一词
50、，将日子拟人化，仿佛我们只要稍不珍惜它就会离我们而去，引人深思，颇具警醒作用，促使人们珍惜时间。而张培基译为“go by”则是客观上去反映时间的流逝，不及朱纯深的生动，情感流露也不及他那么自然。,张培基：1.直译和意译结合，更加考究译入语的特点。如对“我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了”的翻译：“at the thought of this, ”巧妙的增译了“一想到这”，更加符合英语形合的特点，不会让人有突兀之感。2.用词更加正式。如对“在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？”的翻译：“Living in this world with its fleeting days and tee
