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1、8,动词（Verb）,13,动词的被动语态（Passive Voice）,3,The Active Voice:（主动语态）The Passive Voice:（被动语态）,主语是动作的执行者.sb. does sth. 某人做某事,主语是动作的承受者Sth. be done by sb. 某事被某人做某事被做（被某人）,主动语态与被动语态的区别,被动语态的结构,助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词,be + vt. p. p.,Many people,English,1,2,3,is spoken,主动,被动,speak,English,by many people,先找出谓语动词，将其之后
2、的宾语 主语, 将其主语by +宾格,根据时态，动词变化 do/does am/is /are + PP,主动语态,被动语态,主动语态改为被动语态的三个步骤,1.一般现在时：,2.一般过去时：,3.一般将来时：,do/does,am/is/are+PP.,did,was/were+PP.,will do,will be +PP.,三种时态的被动语态结构,情态动词的被动语态结构,情态动词do,(can/may/must/should/ought to),情态动词+be+PP.,4.现在完成时：,has/have done,has/have+been +PP.,A recorder is ofte
3、n used by Mrs. Lee.,Mrs. Lee often uses a recorder.,often , use,Look and say,use,Tip:一般现在时 S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词,for taking photos.,People use cameras for taking photos.,People,(by people),cameras,Cameras,are used,use,photos,Look and say,Many people start work very early in the morning because a lo
4、t of work has to be done at that time. Milk _ (deliver) from house to house by milkman. Streets _ (sweep) by street sweepers. The vegetables and fruit _ (sell) in the market. Dim Sum(点心) _(cook) In the stalls etc.,Simple present tense,A glance at daily life,is delivered,are swept,are sold,is cooked,
5、Read and say,rob,yesterday,Someone robbed the bank yesterday.,The bank was robbed yesterday.,Look and say,send up,In 2008,Scientists sent up Shenzhou VII into space in 2008.,Scientists,(by scientists),Shenzhou VII,Shenzhou VII,sent up,was sent up,in 2008.,Tip:一般过去时 S+was/were +过去分词,Look and say,A je
6、wellery shop _ (rob) yesterday evening. A lot of valuable rings and necklaces _ (steal). But what the thief did _ (see) by a boy who lived Near the shop. So the thief_ (catch) this morning and the pilferage (赃物) _ (find) at his home.,Case focus,Simple past tense,was robbed,were stolen,was seen,was c
7、aught,was found,Read and say,soon,The man will give a talk soon.,A talk will be given by him soon.,Look and say,The engineers will build a highrise soon.,Tip:一般将来时 S+ will/be going to+be+过去分词,by the engineers soon.,A highrise,will be built,Look and say,soon,Simple future tense,Rewrite the sentences
8、into passive voice,1.The students will choose the project next July. The project _ _ _next July.2.He is going to book the tickets for the match soon. The tickets for the match _ going to_ _soon. 3.Betty will sing us some English songs. Some English will _ _ to us by Betty. 4.How soon will they finis
9、h these highrises? How soon will these highrises _ _?,will be chosen,is be booked,be sung,be finished,The houses have been destroyed by the flood.,Look and say,Tip:现在完成时 S+ has/have + been +过去分词,Choose the best answer,All the preparation for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. compl
10、ete C. had been completed D. have been done,2. - How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed,Choose the best answer,Choose the best answer,3. -Did you move into the new house? - No. The rooms _ yet. A. were bei
11、ng painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted,Daily talk,We must send them to the hospital.,They must be sent to the hospital by us.,must,send,Daily talk,We must plant the trees on the ground.,Tip: 情态动词 S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,must,We,(by us),the trees,The trees,mu
12、st plant,must be planted,on the ground.,This is a soldiers room. It is in a mess.,What should be done?,Modal words,What can be done to make the room look more comfortable?,The door sweep The bed make The dishes wash The chair fix Those rats clear away The rubbish bin empty,A picture hang on the wall
13、The wall paintSome flowers put in a vase on the table.,Read and say,1.英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来。 英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指 出谁是动作的执行者时,或者只需强调动作的承受者时: 要用被动语态(Passive Voice),2.被动语态的构成：be + vt. p.p.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。巧记为：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。,Conclusion:,Conclusion,主动语态如何改成被动语态？,4. 一般现在时 ami
14、s are + vt.p.p. 一般过去时 waswere +vt.p.p 一般将来时 will bebe going to be + vt.p.p. 现在完成时 hashave + been + vt.p.p. 情态动词 modal v.+ be + vt.p.p.,1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。巧记为：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 3.把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) 注意保持时态和人称的一致。,5.带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的
15、介词: to, for.如：give sth. be given to sb. 此类动词还有： pass, show, send buy sth. be bought for sb. 此类动词还有： draw, make, cook, paint, do,Conclusion:,6.一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略to作宾语补足语，改成被动语态时，to必须还原。make/let sb. do sth. sb. be made/let to do sth.,Conclusion,不用被动语态的动词1.不及物动词（vi.)e.g. happen, appear, disappear2.连系动词（Li
16、nk.v.)如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候This kind of sweater _(sell) well.,sells,Exercise,I.Use the passive voice to fill in the blanks,1.Both English and French _(speak) in Canada.2.More than 100 trees _(plant) in our school last spring.3.Another dormit
17、ory building _(build) nextyear.4. _ baseball _(play) in your school? 5.It _(can do) this way.6.This song _(not like) by most of us.7.Plates and dishes _ (not wash) after supper yesterday.8. Waste paper _(should throw) in the litter bins.9. Tomorrows meals _(not cook) by Father.10. Your bicycle _ (mu
18、st not put) here.,are spoken,were planted,will be built,Is played,cant be done,is not liked,were not washed,shouldnt be thrown,wont be cooked,mustnt be put,II.Turn the sentences into passive voice,1.The child saw a beautiful kite flying in the sky. A beautiful kite _ _ flying in the sky.2. The resta
19、urant sells food and drinks to children at noon.Food and drinks _ _ to children at noon.3. We planted more than one thousand trees on March. 12th. More than one thousand trees _ _ on March 12th.4. Mr. Shaw showed us around his far, last weekend.We _ _ around Mr. Shaws farm last weekend.5. They teach
20、 Japanese in their school. Japanese _ _ in their school.,was seen,are sold,were planted,were showed,is taught,6. They will give a lot of help to those homeless people in the earthquake. A lot of help will _ _to those homeless people in the earthquake.7. How much did the manager pay the children? How
21、 much _ the children _?8. They study Japanese in their school. Japanese _ _ in their school.9. We can store a lot of information in the computer. A lot of information _ _ stored in the computer.10. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs (分贝) here. The noise _ _ kept under 50 dbs here.,be given,were pai
22、d,is studied,be stored,must be,8,动词（Verb）,14,动词不定式（Infinitive）,动词不定式的定义,动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，与谓语动词不同的是它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。,动词不定式的基本形式,(to) + 动词原形(有时不带to，称作不带to 的不定式),4,1. 用法,动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。,The young man offered to carry the suitcase for grandma.She likes to play soccer
23、.We began to learn English in 2000.I found it important to learn Chinese.,Read the following,1. 不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语 (v. + to do ),want to do hope to do wish to doneed to do learn to do agree to do plan to do decide to do refuse to dofail to do manage to do offer to dopromise to do choose to do would lik
24、e to do like to do begin to do start to doforget to do remember to do try to dostop to do go on to do,Read and remember,Fill in the blanks with the proper verbs,I want _a computer. (buy)She hopes _ a better job. (find)I wish _ with you. (go),to buy,to find,to go,不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，
25、构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。动词常见think, make, find, feel。e.g. He found it very difficult to go to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。,Read and remember,I think it is difficult to reach home before eleven. (保持句意不变)I think _ difficult _ reach home before eleven.,Have a try,it to,1. 他们开始读和写。2. 李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。3. 你长大了想做什么？
26、,They began to read and write.,-What sports does Li Lin like to play?-She likes to play soccer.,What do you want to be when you grow up?,Translate the sentences,1有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：remember to do 记住要做某事remember doing 记得曾经做过某事forget to do 忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop
27、 doing 停止做某事go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事,Read and remember,I remember seeing you somewhere before. Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.Dont forget to close the door when you leave the room.I will never forget climbing the mountain with you last year.,Try to translate th
28、e sentences,我记得以前在哪儿见过你。,离开时请记得关好灯。,你离开房间的时候不要忘了关灯。,我永远都不会忘记去年曾和你一起登山。,Choose the best answer,( )1. -I didnt sleep well last night and I feel quite sleepy now. -Why not stop _? There is nothing urgent.having a rest B. to have a restC. to work D. to go on working( )2. The baby started _. Try _her qui
29、et.cry, keep B. to cry, to keep C. to cry, keep D. cry, to keep,B,B,Read the following,We invited her to make a speech at the meeting.My parents want me to get good marks.Our teachers always tell us to study hard.,2. 不定式用作宾语补足语 (v. + sb. + to do ),ask sb. to do tell sb. to do teach sb. to do allow s
30、b. to do want sb. to dowish sb. to do get sb. to do order sb. to do find sb. to be like sb. to do would like sb. to do help sb. (to) do,Read and remember,Fill in the blanks with the proper verbs,She asked me _ her. (help)The teacher told him _ on time. (come)Edisons mother taught him _ books. (read
31、),to help,to come,to read,Lock the door.,OK.,He told_.,them to lock the door,Look and say,Why dont you come and stay with us for a few days?,Yes, Id love to.,They invited_.,her to come and stay with them for a few days,Look and say,She asked_.,Can you give me a hand?,Yes, of course.,him to give her
32、a hand,Look and say,他要求我再大声点儿。Lucy告诉他饭前要洗手。吉姆告诉李明由衷地祝福每个人。他允许我再做一次。,She asked me to speak louder.,Lucy told him to wash hands before dinner.,Jim told Li Ming to give his best wishes to everybody.,He allowed me to do it again.,Try to translate the sentences,3）作状语,He came to show me his new CD player.
33、I went there to see my teacher. She came back to get her English book.The boy was too frightened to move.I am glad to see you.Im sorry to trouble you.,(目的),(目的),(目的),(结果),（原因）,（原因）,3. 不定式用作状语 V. + to/ in order to /so as to + V.,Read the following,I went to _ to .,the library to ,to/ in order to/ so
34、as to ,Guess, what will she say?,Look and say,I went to _ to .,I went to the field _.,to pick some vegetables,to pick ,to/ in order to/ so as to ,Guess, what will he say?,Look and say,I went to _.,Starbucks,to have ,in order to meet ,so as to ,to/ in order to/ so as to ,Guess, what will she say?,Loo
35、k and say,The Bund,to/ in order to/ so as to ,Guess, what will she say?,Look and say,Guess, what will she say?,Look and say,1、enough to do sth.=sothat+肯定句 He is well enough to go to school. He is so well that he can go to school.2、not enough to do sth.= tooto= sothat+否定句 The boy is not old enough to
36、 work in the fields. The boy is too young to work in the fields. The boy is so young that he cant work in the fields.,Read and remember,3、in order to do sth.=so as to do sth. .=in order that +从句=so that+从句 1) He got up early in order to/ so as to catch the early bus. He got up early in order that/so
37、 that he could catch the early bus. 2) Lucy works hard in order to/so as to get a good job in the future. Lucy works hard in order that/so that she can get a good job in the future.,Read and remember,1. The water was so dirty that we couldnt drink it.（保持原意）The water was _ dirty for us _ drink.2. The
38、 boy was so frightened that he couldnt say a word.（保持原意）The boy was _ frightened _ say a word.3. The girl is so clever that she could recite the text in three minutes.（保持原意） The girl is clever_ _ recite the text in three minutes.,Rewrite the sentences,too to,too to,enough to,Give me something to dri
39、nk.I have two books to read.They have much food to eat.He asked for a room to live in.I dont have a pen to write with.The ice is hard to skate on.He bought a toy to play with.,若是不及物动词，介词不能省略,4. 不定式用作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词之后，不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系,to do 作主语，常放句尾，用it作形式主语,1. It is+adj. +(of/for sb.) +to do sth.Its goo
40、d to see you.Its difficult for you to learn maths well.It is kind of you to say that.,2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It took Tony half an hour to finish his homework yesterday.,5. 不定式用作主语,Read and remember,Its +,It is hard _ you to do it well .= For you to do it well is hard.,+ (for + sb.) + t
41、o do sth.,Its +,difficult, hard, easy,possible, impossibleimportant,+ ( of + sb. ) + to do sth.,clever,wise, kind,nice,good, foolish right, wrong, bad, careful, careless silly,for,of,It is kind _ you to help me.= You are kind to help me.,Have a try,1. Its clever _ him to say so.2. It is impossible _
42、 you to finish it.3. It was wrong _ you to tell a lie.4. It was careless _ you to make so many mistakes in the exam.5. It is silly _ her to do such a thing.6. It is important _ you to learn English well.,of,for,of,of,of,for,Fill in the blanks with “of” or “for”,To dance is a lot of fun.To grow plant
43、s is very important.To speak English is not easy for me.To hear your voice is so nice.,It is a lot of fun to dance.It is very important to grow plants.It is not easy for me to speak English.It is so nice to hear your voice.,Rewrite the sentences,To see is to believe.,() It is to believe to see.,当不定式
44、作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用it is to do 的句型。,Pay attention,4,To see is to believe.,His wish is to be a doctor.,6. 不定式放在be动词后面，用作表语,Read the following,My dream is to be a doctor.,His work is to clean the room every day.,我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。3 我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。,My work is to clean the room every day.,T
45、he best plan is to leave at once.,My dream is to be a scientist.,Translate the sentences,动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加not.不带to的不定式则在动词前加not.,My father decided not to take up the job.,The teacher told us not to be late again.,My mother let me not do it by myself.,2. 否定形式,Read the following,Can I use your phone?,N
46、o!,Mum asked_.,her baby not to use her phone,Look and say,The little boy told his mum_.,Be careful.,Dont worry. I will.,not to worry,Look and say,带疑问词的动词不定式在to 前加疑问词。不定式与疑问词连用,常用动词有,3.与疑问词连用，作宾语,Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.,He told me how to use the computer.,Read the following,I do
47、nt know,how to do it.,Too difficult!,Look and say,Can you teach me _ a wonderful meal?,how to make,to make,Look and say,Where?,I dont know,to find my passport.,to do next.,to leave for New York.,where,what,when,Look and say,Wow!,I cant decide ,Look and say,I dont know ,the washing machine?,Look and
48、say,但变为被动语态时要加to,4.不带to的不定式,使役动词make, let 感官动词see, watch, hear, feel ,notice,+ sb. do sth.,I cant make the horse go. My mother wouldnt let me go to the film. Did you notice him leave the house? I often hear him sing the song.,Sb. + be done + to do sth.,to sing,He is often heard _ the song. They were
49、 made _ day and night.,to work,1. 我看到他跳舞。,I saw him dance.,2. 老板迫使他工作了一整夜.,The boss made him work the whole night.,3.让我听你唱歌。,Let me listen to you sing.,Look and say,Read and remember,see, hear, notice, watch和feel 等词后接不定式和动名词有区别。see sb. doing sth. 看见某人在做某事see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了或经常做某事,A. sing B. singi
50、ng C. to sing D. sang( )1. We always hear Tony _ in the next room.( ) 2. We heard Tony _ in the next room a moment ago.,Choose the best answer,A,B,( )1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has( )2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home? Sorry, I forgot _ s
