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1、复合句,一、 复合句的定义复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只用作句子的一个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语（包括地点、条件、时间、原因、让步、结果等状语）。从句担任哪个句子成分，这个从句就叫做该成分的从句，如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等。,二、 名词性从句的定义和分类,名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语、同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为_、_、_和_。,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,三、引导名词性从句的连接词,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether/i
2、f 不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why,无义,that,whether/if,1.从属连词,无分,是否,无分,2.连接 代词,what,whatever,which,whichever,who,whoever,whom,whose,什么/所的东西,无论什么,哪一个/哪一些,无论哪一个/些,谁,无论谁/凡是人都,谁,谁的,主、宾、表,主、宾、表,主、宾、表、定,主,主、宾、表、定,主,宾,定,3.连接 副词,when,where,什么时候/的时候,哪
3、里/的地方,时间状语,地点状语,why,为什么/的原因,原因状语,how,怎样/ 的方式,方式状语,that， 无义，在句中不担任任何句子成分， 1）He has told me _ he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 2）We must never think _ we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 3) I had no idea _ you were here.4) The fact is _ we have lost the game.,什么时候用连接词that？如果从句句
4、子成分不残缺，句子意思完整，用that 引导。,(that),(that),that,that,_ this is true or not, I cant say.2） I cant say _ this is true or not. 3) _ he could come was uncertain.4) The problem is _she can arrive on time.,从句不缺任何句子成分，但句子意思未完整,要加上“是否”句子意思才完整的，用whether /if引导。但要注意：宾语从句从句位于句首、主语从句位于句首、表语从句、同位语从句不能用if 引导。,Whether,w
5、hether /if,whether/if 作“是否”解，在句子中不充当句子成分。,whether,Whether,连接代词用法： what（什么,所的事或物,)作主语、宾语、表语1) _ we need is more time.2) This is _ we want.3) Will you show me _ you bought?4) She is no longer _ she was five years ago.,从句缺主语、宾语或表语，要加上“什么,所的事或物”句子意思才完整的，用what 引导。,What,what,what,what,连接代词用法：whatever(无论什么
6、都,任何的东西/事或物）在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语1) _ she does is ridiculous.2) _ I have done is only for you.3) Choose _ you like.,从句缺主语、宾语或表语，要加上“无论什么,任何的东西/事或物”句子意思才完整的，用whatever 引导。,Whatever,Whatever,whatever,which（哪一个，哪一些）在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1) He asked me _ class I was in.2) They are twins. So that I cant tell _ is whic
7、h.3) I wonder _he like best.,从句缺主语、宾语、表语或定语，要加上“哪一个，哪一些”句子意思才完整的，用which引导。,which,which,which,whichever（任何的东西， 随便哪一个）在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。You can have _ you like best. 2) Take_ you want.,从句缺主语、宾语、表语和定语，要加上“任何的东西， 随便哪一个）”句子意思才完整的，用whichever引导。,whichever,whichever,你可以选择你最喜欢的哪一个。,你要哪个就拿哪个,who (常译作“谁”， “ 的人”
8、), 在句中作主语或表语。1) Do you know _ has taken my dictionary away?2) I dont know _ that woman is.3）He doesnt know _ first discovered America.4) _ will win the match is still unknown.,从句缺主语或表语，要加上“谁”， “ 的人”句子意思才完整的，用who引导。,who,who,who,Who,whoever (常译作“无论谁”， “ 任何的人都”， 凡是的人都 ), 在句中作主语或表语。1)_ walks around in s
9、uch a heavy rain will catch a cold. 2) _ is here gets a prize.,从句缺主语或表语，要加上 “无论谁”， “ 任何的人都”， 凡是的人都” 句子意思才完整的，用whoever引导。,Whoever,Whoever,任何在这种大雨中行走的人都会感冒。,whom 常译作“谁”, 在句中作宾语 。 I wanted to know _ she borrowed the money from.,从句缺宾语，要加上 “谁”， 句子意思才完整的，用whom引导。,whom,whose 常译作“谁的”, 在句中作定语 。He asked me _
10、handwriting was the best in the class.,从句缺定语，要加上 “谁的”， 句子意思才完整的，用whose引导。,whose,where常译作“哪里” ，“的地方 ”，在句中作地点状语 。1）I dont know _ he lives.2）Can you tell me _ the nearest post office is？3）That is_ Lu Xun used to live.4）That is _ we often have a chat.5) _ the English evening will be held has not yet bee
11、n announced.,从句缺地点状语，要加上 “哪里” ，“的地方 ”， 句子意思才完整的，用where引导。,where,where,where,where,Where,when常译作“什么时候” ，“的时候 ”，在句中作时间状语 。1）I wondered _he would come back.2）Do you know _he will leave for Hong Kong?3) I have no idea _ she will be back. 4) That was _ I was thirty.那就是我三十岁的时候。,从句缺时间状语，要加上 “什么时候” ，“的时候 ”，
12、 句子意思才完整的，用when引导。,when,when,when,when,how 常译作“怎样” ，“的方式 ”，在句中作方式状语 。1）Everyone knew _ Yaoming became a success. 2）Would you please tell me _I can finish the work in the shortest possible time?3) That was _ she was treated by the boss.,从句缺方式状语，要加上 “怎样” ，“的方式 ”， 句子意思才完整的，用how引导。,how,how,how,她就是这样受到老板
13、的对待,why 常译作“为什么” ，“的原因 ”，在句中作原因状语 。1）He didnt know _ he didnt pass the exam.I wonder _ she refused my invitation.3) He didnt study hard, thats _ he didnt pass the exam.,从句缺原因状语，要加上 “为什么” ，“的原因 ”， 句子意思才完整的，用why引导。,why,why,why,whether 和if的区别：whether与if 作“是否”的意思讲时，一般情况可以通用，但下列情况只能用whether，不用if：1. 作disc
14、uss或介词的宾语时。如：1）We discussed whether we should close the shop.2) Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 3） I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2. 后接动词不定式时。如： 1) Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？ 2) I wonder whether to tell her or not.,3. 其后紧接“or
15、not”时。如： 1） He didnt say whether or not he would be staying there. 2) I dont care whether or not your car breaks down.4. 在whether or whether 句式中。 如： I wonder whether hell go himself or whether hell send a friend to go.5. 引导主语从句或宾语从句置于句首时。 1）Whether this is true or not, I cant say. 2） Whether he coul
16、d come was uncertain.6. 引导表语从句、同位语从句时。 1） The question is whether he should have a low opinion of this test. 2） The problem is whether she can arrive on time. 3） The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.,句型转换。1. An earthquake took place in Sichuan. Word came. Word
17、 came _ an earthquake took place in Sichuan.2 He will go to Shanghai tomorrow. He told me. He told me _ he _go to Shanghai tomorrow. 3. Will he keep his word? I doubt I doubt _ _ _ keep his word.4. Can you do me a favor？ I wonder I wonder _ _ _do me a favor.,that would,that,whether he will,whether/i
18、f you can,5. What has happened to him? I wonderI wonder_ _ _ to him.6. Which school is he in? I have no ideaI have no idea _ _ _ _in. 7. Who has taken my dictionary? He askedHe asked _ _ _his dictionary away?8. Whose handwriting is the best? He asked.He asked me _ _ _the best in the class.,what has
19、happened,which school he is,who had taken,whose handwriting was,9. Why did she refuse my invitation? I wonderI wonder _ _ _my invitation.10. When will he leave for Hong Kong? _ _ _ _ for Hong Kong hasnt been decided yet?11. Where does our problem lie? This is_ _ _ _. 12. Which dress should she buy. What she wants to know is _ _ _ _buy.,why she refused,When he will leave,where our problem lies,which dress,she should,
