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1、,名词种类及单复数变化,个体名词：,boy, girl, teacher, school, book, room, pen, pencil, desk, apple,具体可见的，可以数出数量的个体。,抽象名词 happiness, misery, difficulty, love, honesty, courage 不能看到的抽象概念。,二. 名词种类与名词的数,1）所有的专有名词都是不可数名词。 2）个体名词通常都是可数的。 3）集体名词和成双成对的名词永远用作复数。 people, police, trousers, glasses 4）物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。,特殊情况：,.有些
2、名词,如: family, class, team等既可 用作单数又可用作复数。 当强调整体时，常用作单数； 当强调整体中的各个成员时，常为复数。例： The family is quite big. 这是个大家庭。 The family are enjoying themselves in the park. 家里的每个人都玩得很高兴。,2）有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数,词，但词义有所不同。,sand 沙 sands 沙滩,wood 木头 woods 森林,fish 鱼肉 fish 鱼,orange 橙汁 an orange桔子,chicken 鸡肉 a chicken小鸡,room
3、空间、余地a room房间,三. 可数名词复数变化规则,一般情况在词尾加-s，例如： bookbooks，girlgirls，boy boys pen pens, doctor doctors 2.以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如： busbuses，boxboxes， watchwatches，brushbrushes 3.以o结尾的词加-es。例如: heroheroes，potatopotatoes 但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如： zoozoos，radioradios 缩写词也只加-s，例如：photophotos,Sum up:以,s、x 、ch 、sh,结尾的
4、名词,在其词尾加es,potato,some potatoes,tomato,five tomatoes,Sum up: 以辅音字母加结尾的名词，在其词尾加es.但photo、piano(钢琴)除外，photos, pianos.,knife,four knives,leaf,some leaves,Sum up:以,f或fe结尾的名词要将f或fe变为,V再加,es.,baby,fivebabies,boy,threeboys,以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要变y为i再加es.,4. 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v，再加-es，如：,knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhal
5、ves,5.以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”，再加-es,如：,citycities, factoryfactories,但注意：以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，,如：boyboys, daydays,6. 不规则变化,man-men, woman-women,foot-feet, tooth-teeth,child-children, ox-oxen，mouse-mice,fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deer,7.表示国籍名词单复数变化规律 Chinese,Chinese,Japanese,Japanese,Frenchman,Frenchmen,
6、Englishman,Englishmen,German,Germans,American,Americans,Egyptian,Egyptians,Russian,Russians,Italian,Italians,四. 不可数名词数量的表示,of短语：不能说 one bread，但是可以说： one piece of bread two pieces of bread 2. 量词： 1）只能用来修饰不可数名词： a little，much，a bit of 2）既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词： some, a lot of, lots of,练习,1. What do you
7、want? I want_. A. piece of breadB.two piece of bread C.a breadD.some bread 2 ._is standing at the corner of the street. A. A policeB.The police C. PoliceD.A policeman,3. Can you see nine _ in the picture?,A.sheep B.dog C.pig D.horse,4. The _ has two _.,A.boys, watches B.boy, watch,C.boy, watchesD.bo
8、ys,watch,5. Both Marx and Engles were_.,A.GermanB.Germans,C.Germany D.from German,3. Can you see nine _ in the picture?,A.sheep B.dog C.pig D.horse,4. The _ has two _.,A.boys, watches B.boy, watch,C.boy, watchesD.boys,watch,5. Both Marx and Engles were_.,A.GermanB.Germans,C.Germany D.from German,6.
9、Every morning before he leaves, his mother would put some _ in his bag.,A. orangeB. oranges,7. We all believe that our team _ the strongest of all.,A. isB. are,A. orangeB. oranges,7. We all believe that our team _ the strongest of all.,A. isB. are,6. Every morning before he leaves, his mother would
10、put some _ in his bag.,名词所有格,名词所有格的分类,名词所有格可分为三种：1、有生命名词的所有格2、无生命名词的所有格3、双重所有格,名词所有格一、有生命的名词所有格 ： s + 名词 “的” a . 当名词不是s 结尾时，用 s Lucys hair / my mothers bag lucy的头发 / 我妈妈的袋子 b. 当名词是s 结尾时，则用 s students reading room 学生们的阅览室 workers club 工人俱乐部注意：Womens Day 妇女节 Childrens Day 儿童节 Teachers Day 教师节,c. 表示时间、
11、距离、国家、城市的名词，加s 构成所有格 five minutes walk= a five-minute walk eight miles journey= an 8-mile journeyd. 双重所有格 : of+名词所有格 / of + 名词性的物主代词 a friend of mine, an old photo of my fathers.e. 共同所有格与个体所有格： 共有的东西,所有格也共有; 分开的东西,所有格也分开. Shes Tom and Jims mother. (同一个母亲) Theyre Toms and Jims mothers. ( 各自的母亲),二、表示无
12、生命的名词所有格 用 “of “ 教室的门 the door of the classroom 山顶 the top of the hill 树叶 the leaves of the tree 社会的发展The development of the society 书的封面The cover of a book,双重所有格,双重所有格由“of+名词所有格”如： 或“of+名词性物主代词”如：,我爸爸的一个朋友,a friend of my fathers,她妹妹的一幅画,a picture of her sisters,我的一个朋友,a friend of mine,我的一本书,a book of mine,Have a nice day!,
