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1、1绘色瓷砖添学习动力Ryan Martinez knows how to encourage his students. If theres silence, there is an opportunity for music. If theres a white surface, there is an opportunity for color. Martinez teaches French at Walter Johnson High School in Bethesda, Maryland, outside Washington. His classroom is decorated
2、 with colorful ceiling tiles. As a teacher, you want to make your classroom space one that reflects your own approach to teaching. And when you make that an inviting, stimulating type of atmosphere, it makes it a more pleasurable learning experience. It started with one tile a year ago. I brought it
3、 home and I just had some blue paint and sort of just covered it and then I installed it. The students noticed that. I mean, immediately, it jumped out because, in an otherwise white ceiling, all of a sudden when you have some colored. Martinez paints at home for ten hours each weekend and brings th
4、e tiles back to school. He has expanded the project to other classrooms. Maggie Mesorly teaches math. Students often think that math is boring, but they come and they see this art and they think, Ah, maybe math isnt gonna be so boring. It can inspire creativity in their problem solving.瑞安马丁内斯知道如何激励学
5、生们。 “若有沉默，那么将是播放音乐的时机。若有一块白色表面，那么色彩将派上用场。” 马丁内斯在位于华盛顿外的马里兰州贝塞斯达市的华特强森高中教法语。他的教室装饰着色彩斑斓的天花板。 “作为一名教师，你希望你的教室空间是能够反应自己的教学方法的地方。当你将它赋予一种引人注目且令人兴奋的气氛时，它也使得学习经历变得更加愉悦美好。” 这都因一年前的一块瓷砖而起。 “我将它带回家。当时我只有一些蓝色油漆。我涂了一些在瓷砖上，随后将它安装。学生们注意到了这件事。我觉得，它之所以立即就显得突出，是因为在其他白色天花板的映衬下，大家出乎意料地拥有了一些其他色彩。” 马丁内斯每周末要花费10小时在家喷涂瓷砖
6、并将它们带回学校。他还将这项工程扩展到了其他教室。 玛吉麦索丽教数学。 “学生们经常认为数学枯燥，但是他们过来看到这项艺术行为后会想：啊，也许数学并不会如此无聊。它能够激发他们在解决问题中的创造性。”2电玩或成美外交新手段Trace Effects is an online game geared toward children and young teens far from U.S. shores. It takes the main character on a virtual adventure across the United States, from the Grand Cany
7、on to New York City and beyond. But what is the State Department doing with a video game? We wanna go where young people are. More and more young people are online. Online and ready to engage, she hopes. We took the game to Sandra Calvert, director of the Childrens Digital Media Center at Georgetown
8、 University. She studies the impact of video games on children. I think the plan itself is a marvelous idea. I think trying to engage children in the kinds of activities they do is just the way to approach them. Calvert likes how the game has girl and boy characters to broaden the appeal while playe
9、rs are learning English. But she says kids are used to action-oriented games and this one is full of verbal activities that can slow the gamer. One of the things that can happen is that the overall plot line can get lost. Calvert says with a little tweaking and some input from young gamers, this new
10、 wave of public diplomacy can become an inviting way to share American culture with the world.美国英语学习视频游戏是专门为非美国本土儿童和19岁以下青少年创立的一款在线游戏。它带领游戏人物在全美范围内进行虚拟冒险，从美国大峡谷到纽约或更远的地方。但是美国国务院要用这款视频游戏做什么呢？ “我们想去年轻人所在的地方。越来越多的年轻人玩线上游戏。”她希望能保持在线并准备参与其中。我们就这个游戏询问了一直致力于研究电子游戏对儿童的影响的桑德拉.卡尔弗特，她是乔治敦大学儿童数字媒体中心的主管。 “我想这一计划
11、本身就是个非凡的想法。我认为，试着让孩子们忙于他们现在所从事的种种活动，正是接近他们的一种方式。”卡尔弗特喜欢的是，当玩家在学习英语的时候，这款游戏利用男女角色来提升吸引力。但是她说道，儿童更喜欢动作类的游戏，这款游戏充斥着言语方面的活动，这会使得玩家的游戏进程放缓。 “所以玩家有可能会忽略故事的主要剧情。”卡尔弗特表示，只要这些年轻玩家稍微改变一下或者稍稍投入一些精力，这股公众外交的新浪潮就能名正言顺地把美国文化推向全世界。3拯救剩余食物 大学生们在行动(1/2)University of Maryland student Ben Simon and his friends couldnt
12、stand to see good food thrown out on their campus. We basically noticed that some of the extra food from our dining hall was going to waste at the end of the day. And we met with our dining services and asked them whether it would be okay if we instead of throwing out food away donated it. And they
13、were on board. So 18 months ago, the students began what they call the Food Recovery Network. Each night, volunteers would show up at a campus dining hall to pick up leftovers and deliver them to area shelters and food banks. When we started, we collected, I would say, a little bit more than we curr
14、ently do now, so maybe between 100 pounds and 200 pounds of food per night. So far, theyve donated more than 23,000 kilos of food that would otherwise have been thrown out. The amount of wasted food was also reduced when school officials removed trays from the dining hall. Rob Fahey is the chef. We
15、do not use trays because its proven that the students fill up a tray. And this way they only pick up their plates and they can only grab so much food. And then they can go back in line to get more food if they want. That prevents wastage for that.马里兰大学的学生本西蒙和他的朋友们不想放任校园里的食物浪费现象大行其道：“我们注意到食堂的剩饭剩菜在一天结
16、束后就浪费掉了。于是我们约见了食堂的工作人员，问他们是否可以让我们捐赠这些原本要被扔进垃圾桶的食物。他们答应了。”于是18个月前，学生们就开始了被称作“食物回收网络”的行动。每天晚上，学校的食堂都会有志愿者来整理剩饭剩菜，并把这些剩饭剩菜送到当地的收容所和食品发放救济中心。“刚开始那阵子，我们每天晚上大概要整理100磅到200磅的食物，比现在的要多一些。”迄今为止，他们已经捐赠了超过23,000公斤的食物。要不是有他们，这些食物就被白白浪费了。自从校领导决定食堂不再提供托盘之后，剩菜剩饭的数量也减少了。对此，厨师罗伯费伊说：“我们之所以不再提供托盘是因为学生们买饭菜时总喜欢把托盘盛满。现在没有
17、托盘了，他们就只能用盘子，盛的食物就少了。如果吃不饱的话，他们可以回来重新排队买饭。如此一来就减少了浪费。”4拯救剩余食物 大学生们在行动(2/2)Nationwide, $165 billion worth of food is wasted each year, according to the National Resources Defense Council. Spokesman Bob Keefe says thats about 40% of the countrys entire food production. If we could reduce our waste in
18、this country by 15%, we could feed 25 million hungry Americans. Thats a huge benefit. And thats what programs like the Food Recovery Network are doing. Christian Life Center is one of the beneficiaries of the students efforts. Ben Slye is the senior pastor. Its just been amazing to see these student
19、s take their own time, their own vehicles and own gas, money and be able to take an effort like this. Each week we are able with this food to probably feed over 100 people. The University of Marylands Food Recovery Network now has 200 volunteers and the program has expanded to 18 schools across the
20、country.And we wanna grow our 18 chapters to 1,000 chapters within five years. And once we get to this Food Recovery Nation of being at every college campus in America, we wanna expand out to restaurants, to farms. The volunteers are committed to making that happen.据美国资源保护委员会统计，全国每年浪费的食物达1650亿美元。发言人
21、鲍勃.基夫表示，所浪费的食物约为美国整个生产量的40%。“如果我们能在本国范围内减少15%的浪费，我们就能养活2500万处于饥饿中的美国人。这对国家极其有益。这正是像食品回收网络之类的项目的目标。” 基督徒生活中心是学生们所做努力的受益人之一。本.斯泰尔是该中心的主任牧师。“看到这些学生利用自己的时间，开自己的车，自己支付油费，并且做出这样的努力真是让人觉得吃惊。每周，我们都能用这些食物接济100多人。”马里兰大学的“食品回收网络”项目现已拥有200名志愿者，并且该项目已扩展到全国18所学校。 “我们希望五年内将18所分处扩展到1000所。一旦我们能在美国每一所大学推广此项目，我们希望将其拓展
22、到饭店和农场。” 志愿者们正致力于让该想法变为现实。5新闻自由长路漫漫(1/2)Live from a studio at al-Baghdadia TV, Murtada Mohamed Ali is reporting on how journalists are being prevented from covering a Baghdad cultural festival. Al-Baghdadia focuses a great deal on politics and corruption. Manager Mohamed Hanoon Kareem says as a resu
23、lt the station has been shut down twice in the past three years. Many on our staff have been arrested and harassed by security forces. And sometimes when something happens, like an explosion, they wont let us cover it. Then sometimes they let us because its not important to them. Ziad al-Ajili heads
24、 the media watchdog, Journalistic Freedoms Observatory. He says journalists now must obtain numerous permissions to cover even routine events. We publish a report on media freedom every year. This years is the worst ever. The government has made new rules to pressure journalists and prevent us from
25、working freely, especially the foreign media.巴格达迪亚电视台直播节目中，穆尔塔达穆罕默德阿里正在讲述记者们如何被禁止报道有关巴格达文化节的新闻。巴格达迪亚电视台大量报道政治和腐败方面的新闻。经理穆罕默德哈农卡里姆说，就因为报道了这些新闻，电视台在过去3年里被查封了2次。我们员工中许多人被安全部队逮捕和骚扰。有时候像爆炸这种事件，他们就不让我们报道。但是对他们不重要的事情，他们就让报道。齐亚德阿吉利是媒体监督部门，新闻自由观察部的负责人。他说，如今就算是报道常规新闻记者们都需要获得大量许可才行。我们每年都会发表关于媒体自由的报道。今年是历来条件最差的
26、一年。政府采取了新的规则向记者们施压，以此阻止我们，尤其是外媒的工作自由。6新闻自由长路漫漫(2/2)Journalists face harassment by security forces as seen in this video by an Iraqi reporter who filmed himself being beaten while saying repeatedly that he was a journalist. Activists say more than 140 journalists have been killed in Iraq in the past
27、ten years, one of the highest casualty rates in the world. Dibras al-Mamouri founded the Iraqi Women Journalists Forum. She says female Iraqi reporters face even more challenges, from security forces as well as from colleagues. In Iraqi society they look at women as a lowly thing, not a working huma
28、n being. They harass them. They try to prevent them from working. They think the woman was made just for housework and nothing else. Kareem of Baghdadia-TV says objective reporting by Iraqs journalists is also rare.About 90% of Iraqi journalists follow some ideological, political or sectarian opinio
29、n. A few are working objectively. They are the ones who face problems with the government.Media activists say laws are needed to allow journalists to work freely in Iraq and to protect them.一位伊拉克记者拍下了自己被殴打的视频，视频中他再三声明自己是一个记者。就像在这个视频中看到的那样，很多记者都会遭受安全部队的骚扰。社会活动家们说，过去10年，已经有超过140名记者在伊拉克被杀害，这样的伤亡率在全世界都是
30、数一数二的。蒂布拉斯马赫穆迪成立了伊拉克女记者论坛。她说，伊拉克的女记者面临着更多挑战，这些挑战不仅来自安全部队，还来自她们的同事。“在伊拉克，他们把女性当成一种卑贱的东西，而不是能够工作的人类。他们骚扰女性，阻止她们工作。他们认为女人就是用来做家务的，其他什么都干不了。”来自巴格达迪亚电视台的卡里姆先生说，伊拉克记者也很少能做出客观的报导。“大约有90%的伊拉克记者都拥护某些意识形态、政治立场或宗派观念。很少有记者能客观地报导。而这些能客观报导的记者往往和政府发生摩擦。”媒体活动家们呼吁要出台法律，允许记者在伊拉克自由报导，并对他们实施保护措施。7春寒料峭樱花迟 游人失望意阑珊Snow mi
31、xed with rain greeted visitors to the Jefferson Memorial and the adjacent Tidal Basin. Photographer Judy Young was hoping to snap shots of the citys famous cherry blossoms, covered with snow. Well, I came down here to find some snow on these beautiful cherry blossoms, or even the buds. Did I find sn
32、ow? No. Its raining this morning. School groups visiting on spring break were also disappointed. Some arrived unaware that cooler-than-expected weather delayed the blossoms on the cherry trees - given to the United States by Japan more than 100 years ago. Marshall True, a student from California, ho
33、ped to take home a special souvenir for his Japanese language instructor. I go to a Japanese class and she was really wanting to see pictures of cherry blossoms, so I have to disappoint her. Its lucky for us that we brought these clothes because its winter here, not spring. Sonia Bastidas is a touri
34、st from Switzerland. She and her traveling companion, Mark Shmid, hoped to see Washingtons spring spectacular while in town. We were hoping to see it, but you know its a bit early, I guess. So maybe during the end of the trip, well get to see some. The National Park Service updated its prediction of
35、 peak bloom time for the District of Columbias cherry trees because of the cold weather. It now says the cherry blossoms will be in full bloom in early April.雪混合着雨水迎接着来到杰斐逊纪念堂和相邻潮汐盆地的游客们。摄影师朱迪杨希望摄像镜头能够捕捉到这座城市著名的“樱花负雪”的景象。“我来到这里后想要发现覆盖着雪的美丽樱花,哪怕嫩芽都行。但我发现雪了么？没有。因为今天早上下雨了.”学校组织的春假出游也让人失望。比预期晚到达的寒冷天气推迟了
36、樱花的绽放这些樱花树是100年多前日本赠给美国的。来自加州的学生马歇尔特鲁尔希望给他的日语教师带回去一个特殊的纪念品。“我在上日语课,而她希望看到樱花的照片,所以我不得不让她失望了。”“幸运的是,我们带了这些衣服,因为现在这里是冬天,不是春天.”来自瑞士的游客索尼娅巴斯达斯说道。她和自己的旅伴马克谢麦德希望在城镇看到华盛顿的春天美景。“我们希望能看到,但我感觉为时尚早。所以也许在旅途结束时,我们将能看到一些,”他说道。因为严寒，国家公园服务处更新了对于哥伦比亚地区樱桃树开花时间的预测。现称其将在4月初盛开。8水，还够吗？(1/3) As the world population grows,
37、so does the need for water. The Worldwatch Institute says increased demands for food, energy and industry, along with climate change, could lead to water scarcity in some places. The warning comes on World Water Day, March 22nd. Worldwatch says billions of people are already facing some kind of wate
38、r scarcity or shortage. Spokesperson Supriya Kumar says its only expected to get worse as the population increases. Over 1.2 billion are basically living in areas of physical water scarcity. And almost 1.6 billion face economic water shortage. And these are really extreme numbers. And as our populat
39、ion continues to grow theres just gonna be more problems. And were going to really have to face drastic measures in order to make sure the people have access to water. Kumar says therere several types of water scarcity. The first is called physical. Physical water scarcity really just means that the
40、res not enough actual water to meet all demands. Water is not distributed evenly. You know, areas in the Middle East, in Northwestern India - very arid regions - where theres just not enough water. And so theres not physical availability.随着世界人口的增长，对于水的需求也随之增长。世界观察研究所称，食物、能源和工业需求的不断增加，连同气候变化一起，可能导致一些
41、地区的水短缺。这项警告于3月22日的世界水日当天发出。 世界观察研究所称，数以亿计的人们正在面临某种水短缺问题。发言人塞博利亚库马尔说，随着人口的增加，事情只会变得更糟。 “超过12亿的人口基本上生活在自然水匮乏的地区。还有几乎16亿人口面临经济水短缺。这些都是十分极端的数字。而我们人口的持续增长，只会带来更多的问题。我们不得不去面对严厉的措施以确保人们能够获得水。” 库马尔说，水短缺表现为几种类型。第一种被称作“自然型”。 “自然水短缺就是意味着没有足够的实际水资源来满足所有的需求。水资源并不是平均分布的。你知道的，在中东和印度的西北部这类非常干旱的地区，没有足够的水资源。所以就没有自然水的
42、可利用性。”9水，还够吗？(2/3)And then theres economic water scarcity. Physical water scarcity really just means that theres not enough actual water to meet all demands. Water is not distributed evenly. You know, areas in the Middle East, in northern China, in northwestern India - very arid regions - where ther
43、es just not enough water. And so theres just not physical availability. Kumar says action to relieve these problems can be taken on the local, national and regional levels. In terms of the local level, we could put more investment into water harvesting - into better methods of reusing water thats wa
44、sted - treating it to be reused for agriculture or for other industries. On the national level, the Worldwatch Institute recommends that governments develop better water policies which could include fewer or revised agricultural subsidies. For example, in India, a lot of farmers have subsidies that
45、provide them with the use of electricity for 24 hours without any fees. And so, that leads them to pump water constantly which is really depleting the ground water. Worldwatch says, globally, 70% of whats called water withdrawals is for agriculture, 19% for industry and 11% for municipal demands. So
46、me of the countries with very high withdrawals include India and the United States.此外还有经济型缺水。“自然水短缺就是意味着没有足够的实际水资源来满足所有的需求。水资源并不是平均分布的。你知道的，在中东，中国北方和印度西北部这类非常干旱的地区，没有足够的水资源。所以就没有自然水的可利用性。”库马尔说可以通过对地方、国家甚至区域级范围采取行动来缓解这些问题。“在地方层面，我们可以加大集水投资，找到更好的方法进行废水利用，使其能再次为农业或者其他工业服务。”在国家层面，世界观察研究所建议政府出台更好的水利政策，其可
47、能包括更少的或经修订的农业补贴。“比如，在印度，许多农民享受24小时免费用电的补贴。正因为如此，他们不间断地泵水，简直要将地下水耗尽。”世界观察（研究所）表示，全球范围来看，农业用水占了取水量的70%，工业和市政需求分别占了19%和11%。这些需水量极高的国家包括印度和美国。10水，还够吗？(3/3)Many water sources are not confined within a particular countrys borders. Rivers and lakes are often used by several nations and therefore regional a
48、greements would be needed on water use. Climate change, with its rising global temperatures, has a direct effect on water scarcity, says Kumar, especially when it comes to rainfall. The changes in the rainfall patterns seriously affect some of the sectors especially agriculture for example. In India
49、, a lot of farmers are unable to prepare for what crops theyre going to grow because theyre just not sure of the amount of rainfall theyre gonna receive and when theyre gonna receive that rainfall. And thats a large effect that climate change is having. Kumar says uncertainty about rainfall can directly affect food security.Whats more, the Worldwatch Institute expects that i
