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1、Unit 4 Body language Learning about Language,1.Find out in the reading text sentences with present participle(s) used as the attribute or adverbial.2. Learn how to use the -ing form as the attribute &adverbial.3. Practice the -ing form as the attribute & adverbial.,1.Yesterday, another student and I
2、 , representing our universitys student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students.2.After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around couriously.3.I stood for a minute watc
3、hing them and then went to greet them.,画出下列句子主干(主语/谓语/宾语）,-ing 形式作定语和状语的用法,一、-ing形式作定语1. 单个动词-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。building materials = materials for building 建筑材料,drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖a reading room = a room for
4、 reading 阅览室a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台,2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。例如：They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房间。The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father.站在那儿的那个人是彼得
5、的父亲。,3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 这时, 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。例如：His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。,The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swayin
6、g gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。,二、The Present Participle as Adverbial （现在分词作状语）,1. -ing分词的构成：-ing分词是由动词原形词尾加-ing构成，表示与主语是主动关系。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表中几种形式（以do为例）：,-ing分词的一般时的动作和后面句子的动作是同时进行的，完成时的动作是先于后面句子的动作发生的。Being a student, he was interested in books.作为一名学生，
7、他对书很感兴趣。Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。,2. -ing分词的一般时和完成时：,3. -ing分词的被动式：,-ing分词的被动式表示与后面句子的主语是被动关系。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。,4. -ing
8、分词的否定形式由not/never加-ing分词构成。Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，我只好待在家里等着。,5. 现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。,1）-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。注意：现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生, 有时可由连词when, while引出。,现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时，现在分词一般位于句首。While reading the book, he nodd
9、ed from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了她的童年。,2)-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。Being so excited, many of us couldnt go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。,3)-ing分词短语作
10、结果状语。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular one.这首歌在全国范围内传唱，使它成为了最流行的歌曲。,4) -ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、
11、较次要的动作。They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。,5）-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。Using your head, you will find a way.动动脑，你就能找到一个方法。Knowing all this, they made me pay for the
12、damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。【点津】-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般是整个句子的主语。,1.分词短语作状语时, 前后两个动作的主语是同一个人。2.分词短语作状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如and)，分词和主句之间可用逗号。,三、使用- ing形式需注意的4个问题：,3.用v.+ing一般时还是having + done完成时，要看前后两个动作有没有明显的先后顺序，在可能引起误解的场合应该用现在分词的完成时表示先发生的动作。4.分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上 not, never等否定词。,1.（2013北京高考）_
13、 the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：发现这门课程很难，她决定转向稍低水平的课程。find与主语she是主谓关系且“发现”这一动作与句子谓语动作几乎同时发生故使用finding。,【真题在线】,2.（2013福建高考）_ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. Known B. Ha
14、ving known C. Knowing D. Being known【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：知道基本的急救技术将会帮助你对紧急情况快速做出反应。本句缺少主语，故用动名词形式作主语，选C。过去分词及现在分词的完成式都不能作主语；所填的空无被动意义，故也可排除D项。,3.（2013湖南高考）The sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golden light.A. bathedB. bathingC. to have bathed D. have bathed【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词，句意：天空中太阳开始升起，把山脉沐
15、浴在金色的阳光中。the sun与 bathe构成逻辑上的主谓关系。bathing为现在分词作结果状语，表主动。bathe沐浴、使沐浴。,4.（2013江苏高考）Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look.A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：在遭受大规模的地震和损失之后不久，那个城市呈现出新面貌。and为并列连词，前后是并列关系，前面的su
16、ffering from为动名词结构作after的宾语，此空填写的内容也应为after的宾语，因此使用动名词形式，从而排除答案B项。另外，be reduced to 为固定结构，意思为“使沦为”，因此此处使用被动式。根据以上分析，可以确定答案为C。,5.（2013新课标全国卷）I got to the office earlier that day, _the 7:30 train from Paddington.A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：因为我赶上了来自Paddingto
17、n的7:30的火车，所以那天我较早到达了办公室。根据句意可知，catch这一动作和主语之间是主动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，所以用having done的形式。A项表示和主语之间是被动关系，B、C两项表示意外的结果；D项表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且和主语是主动关系。故选D。,6.（2013山东高考 ）The room is empty except for a bookshelf _in the corner.A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：除了一个立在角落里的书橱，这个房间是空的。整个句子是主系表结构，e
18、xcept for a bookshelf 属于介词短语作状语，所以空格处应是非谓语动词作定语，并且bookshelf与stand之间是主谓关系，所以选A。,7.（2013山东高考）_ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again.A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：Tina以前在那个自助餐厅吃过饭，所以她不想再去那里吃饭。根据句意，Tina在餐馆吃饭的动作应该发生在她不想再去那里吃饭这个动作之前，所以选having done 表示主动完
19、成，而B项To eat表示主动将来，不符合语境；C项Eat是动词原形；D项Eating表示主动进行，与before不符，所以选A。,Students may find some difficulty in seeing the difference in the uses of the -ing form. The formis used as an attribute when it describes a noun and as an adverbial when it describes a verb, or the way in which someone is doing somet
20、hing.,The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.,A. to prepare B. preparingC. prepared D. was preparing,2. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.,A. making B. makes C. made D. to make,B,A,4. The _ waiter came up to us
21、and said, “You are welcome.”A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile,A,A,3. _from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A. Judging B. Judged C. To judge D. Judge,6. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying,D,D,5._her mother had come, her face
22、lit up.A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When hearing D. When she heard,7. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. needs repairing B. needing repairedC. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired,D,8. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. a
23、ngrily pointed D. and angrily pointing,9. _ a reply, he decided to write again.Not receiving B. Receiving notNot having received D. Having not received,A,C,A,C,10The missing singer was last seen _ the voice close to the bridge A. exercising B. to be exercising C. exercise D. to exercise 11.The directors discussed the project that they would like to see _ the next year A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out,Goals determine what youre going to be. Julius Erving 人生的奋斗目标决定你将成为怎样的人。 欧文,
