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1、The Present Perfect Passive Voice现在完成时的被动语态,Grammar,The Present Perfect Passive Vo,1) 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词)现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等, 现在完成时常与 already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not.yet, just等不表示明
2、确,1. 复习两种时态（主动）,1) 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词)1. 复习,的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。 一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况, 与现在毫无关系。,的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带sinc,2) 现在完成进行时
3、(have/has + been + 现 在分词）,一般现在时的被动语态 (am/is/are + 过 去分词） 如: The work is done during two days.2) 一般过去时的被动语态 (was/were + 过去分词）,2. 七种被动语态形式,2) 现在完成进行时 (have/has + been +,如: He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.3) 一般将来时的被动语态 (will/shall + be + 过去分词或 + be going to + be + 过去分词） 如: Th
4、e work will be finished soon.4) 现在进行时的被动语态 (is/am/are + being+ 过去分词） 如: The bridge is now being constructed.,如: He was sent to the hosp,5) 现在完成时的被动语态 (have/has +been + 过去分词） 如: The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop.6) 带情态动词的被动语态 (情态动词 + be + 过去分词) 如: This can be done in a few minutes.,
5、5) 现在完成时的被动语态 (have/has +been,7) 动词不定式的被动式 (to be + 过去分词) 如: It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.,7) 动词不定式的被动式 (to be + 过去分词),现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是: have/has been + done。例如： 1. The dirty clothes have been washed. 脏衣服都已经洗了。 2. The plan has been studied by the experts
6、for three times. 这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。,现在完成时的被动语态,现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成,3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years. 这些年来, 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。,现在完成时被动态：have / has + been + 动词过去分词现在完成进行时：have / has + been + 动词现在分词,3. The child has been taken ca,它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上, 被动态接的是过去分词形式, 现在完成进
7、行时接的是现在分词形式。,1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如： The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. 张飞庙已经过重建。,它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上, 被动态接的是过,2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。 如: The door has been locked. 门已经被锁上了。3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可 能持续下去。如： He has been told about it for many times. 有人告诉他这事很多次了。 （可能还会有人告诉他）,（我或别人现在进不去）,2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。 （
8、我或别人现在进,4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来 某时已完成的动作。如： Well start as soon as the work has been finished. 工作一完成我们就立即动身。,4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来,注意:,1. 副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如: 误 Such a man has been hardly believed. 正 Such a man has hardly been believed.,注意:1. 副词的位置,
9、2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, take part in , cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如： 误 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.,2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态,2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如： 误 The door has been opene
10、d of itself. 正 The door has opened of itself.,3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词 或副词。如： The SARS patients have been taken good care of.,2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时,4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等 构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与 表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达 相应的意思， 则需改换动词或时态。 如：,4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow,
11、 finish, be,My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought?,My brother has had(不能用has bo,(1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 如: Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 (不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in
12、 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。,被动语态的用法:,(1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。被动语态的用法,(2) 强调动作的承受者, 而不强调动作的执行者。 如: The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。,(2) 强调动作的承受者, 而不强调动作的执行者。,(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2) 把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。,主动语态变被动语态的方法,(1
13、) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。主动语态变被动语,(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾 语, 将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是:宾变主, 主变宾, by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动, be后“过分”来使用。,(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾,4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一 个
14、宾语变为主语， 另一个保留不动。主动：I have given him the key.被动：He has been given the key.被动：The key has been given (to) him.,4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一,5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能 将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不 动, 改称主语补足语。主动：I have asked her to help you.被动：She has been asked to help you.,5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能,Underline the use of the presen
15、t perfect voice in the following poem. Then fill in the chart below.,Underline the use of the prese,Look at the way your face has been washedLook at the way your hair has been combedLook at the way your shoes have been cleanedYoud better do them again.Look at the way the flowers have been plantedLoo
16、k at the way the grass has been cutLook at the way the paths have been sweptI hope that youll come here again.,Look at the way your face has,the way the flowers have been planted,the way the grass has been cut,the way the paths have been swept,the way your face has been washed,the way your hair has
17、been combed,the way your shoes have been cleaned,the way the flowers have been,Read this poem aloud, paying attention to the rhythm and intonation. Then write your own poem.,Look at the way _Look at the way _Look at the way _,the table has been laid,the glasses have been placed,the food has been coo
18、ked,Youd better do them again.,possible poem:,Read this poem aloud, paying a,Look at the way _Look at the way _Look at the way _,your bed has been made,your carpet has been swept,your shoes have been tidied,I hope that youll come here again.,Look at the way _,Exercises,1.Both my brother work at the
19、power station that _ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up,2._ the sports meet will be put off. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told,Exercises1.Both my brother wo,3. All the preparation for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. comple
20、te C. had been completed D. have been done,3. All the preparation for the,4. - How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed,4. - How long _ at this,5.When and where to go for the on- salary holiday _ yet. A. are
21、 not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided,5.When and where to go for th,6. Betty_ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is D. has,6. Betty_ injured since last,7. That book _into at least 20 foreign languages.A. has said to be translatedB. has
22、been said to have translatedC. is said that it had been translatedD. is said to have been translated,注:该句的句型是:It is said that/people (they) said that/that book is said to 根据句意是已经被译成了20 多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。,7. That book _into at,8. Hi, Tom, you look tired. - Of course. I _ the living room all day. A.
23、had painted B. painted C. have been painted D. have been painting,8. Hi, Tom, you look tired,9. -Did you move into the new house? - No. The rooms _ yet. A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted,9. -Did you move into the new,10. Great changes_ in my hometown
24、and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; are being set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. took place; will set up,10. Great changes_ in my hom,11. Its said that this book_ into Chinese. A. had translated B. has translated C. was translated D. h
25、as been translated,12. You cant move in. The house _. A. is painting B. is being painted C. has painted D. has been painted,11. Its said that this book_,13. Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005重庆) A. has been caused B. had been cau
26、sed C. will be caused D. will have been cause,13. Millions of pounds worth,14. Have you ever_ to the exhibition which _for three weeks? A. gone; has been shown B. visited; shown C. been; has been on show D. went; lasted,14. Have you ever_ to the ex,15. - How long ago _ these eggs_? - Perhaps 15 days
27、. A. will; hatch B. did; hatch C. were; hatched D. have; been hatched,15. - How long ago _ these,改错,1. A personal computer has bought by us. A personal computer has been bought by us.2. Many problems has been found with our new computer. Many problems have been found with our new computer.,改错1. A pe
28、rsonal computer has b,3. A PC has been builded the way we wanted. A PC has been built the way we wanted.4. Our computer just has been joined to the internet. Our computer has just been joined to the internet.,3. A PC has been builded the w,5. The computer was used every day since we bought it. The c
29、omputer has been used every day since we bought it.6. A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years. A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past 5 years.,5. The computer was used every,用被动语态改写下列句子。They have finished the construction of the new railway lines by n
30、ow.2. We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.,The construction of the new railway lines has been finished by them by now. A new library and a gymnasium have been built in our school this year by us.,用被动语态改写下列句子。The construc,3. The car factory has produced a great many fi
31、ne cars since the technological revolution.,A great many fine cars have been produced by the car factory since the technological revolution.,3. The car factory has produce,4. They have made a plan to help the poor children in the poor area.5. The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project.,A plan has been made by them to help the poor children in the poor area.A lot of money has been spent on the Hope Project by the government.,4. They have made a plan to he,
