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1、定语从句的翻译（一）,内容,中英文定语的位置差别英译汉的主要步骤英文中的介词翻译中英文句式差异定语从句译法循环套用的定语从句翻译两种长句翻译直译和意译,中英文定语的特点,一个漂亮的小女孩清香的茶叶著名的诗人坐在门口的孩子拿着手机的小姑娘昨天晚上趴在房上的小白猫中国疆域之辽阔，人口之众多，资源之丰富,中英文定语的特点,中文：-当一个词修饰另一个词的时候 前置-一个短语或是一个句子，甚至多个句子修饰一个 词 一般来说也是前置-中国古代汉语中存在定语后置的情况,中英文定语的特点,A pretty girlA famous poetA child adoptedA physician aliveA b
2、oy standing under the treeTwo women waiting for youA kind of knowledge which can enlighten the whole worldA book which may help you pass the exam.,中英文定语的特点,英文：-当一个词修饰另一个词的时候 前置，也可能后置 a-开头的形容词一定后置-一个短语或是一个句子，甚至多个句子修饰一个 词 定语后置,定语从句的翻译,On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree
3、of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.,定语从句的翻译,翻译三部曲第一步：断句第二步：翻译；对等论，信第三步: 重读,介词的翻译,英文中的介词可以翻成中文里的方位副词或动词The
4、re is a book on the desk. 桌上有本书。The teacher came into the classroom with a book and a dog. 老师带着一本书和一只狗走进教室 老师走进教室带着一本书和一只狗 I went to pairs by plane,中英文的语序,中文：先出主语+其他成分（定语、状语、补语和插入语等）+最重要成分英文：先出主语+最重要成分+其他中国作为一个发展中的大国高度重视中美两国之间的友谊。As a major developing country, China attaches great importance to the
5、bilateral relations between China and the U.S.,定语从句的翻译,On the whole, /such a conclusion can be drawn/ with a certain degree of confidence, /but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude/ towards the test/as the others/ with whom he is being compared,/and only if he was not punis
6、hed/ by lack of relevant information/which they possessed.总体上来说，得出这样一种结论需要一定程度的把握，只要假设这个孩子对于测试的态度，和与之相比较的其他孩子的态度相同，也只要他没有因为缺少别的孩子所拥有的相关信息而受到惩罚。,定语从句的翻译,前置译法：将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之前，在定语从句后面加上一个“的”后置译法：将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之后，要注意的是需要翻译关系词Tips 关系词：在定语从句中引导英语从句的单词，如which，that，whose，who等词。一旦定语从句后置，在翻译的过程终究要将它们翻译为具体的名词，而
7、不是置之不理。句首译法：将定语从句完全置于整个句子的前面，调整全句语序。一般8个单词以下定语从句前置，多于8个单词后置。定语从句翻译后置方法中，需要译出关系词。,定语从句的翻译,Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development.,循环套用的
8、定语从句,循环套用1：中心词+定语1+定语1的定语2+定语2的定语3+翻译方法看长度：定语1+2=3 前两者放在一起翻译定语1=2+3 后两者放在一起翻译,定语从句的翻译,Behaviorists suggest that/the child/ who is raised in an environment/ where there are many stimuli/ which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response/ will experience greater intellectual development.行为主义者
9、认为，一个孩子如果生长在有很多刺激的环境里，而这些刺激促进了其适当反应能力的发展，那么这个孩子就会有着更大的知识发展。,定语从句的翻译,The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.,定语从句的翻译,The Greeks assumed that/ the structure
10、 of language had some connection with the process of thought,/which took roots in Europe/ long before people realized/ how diverse languages could be. 希腊人认为，语言的结构和思维的过程之间存在着某种联系,而这种观点早在人们认识到语言的多样性之前，就已经在欧洲植根了,定语从句的翻译,Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any fea
11、tures that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.,定语从句的翻译,Prior to the twentieth century,/women in novels were stereotypes/ of lacking any features/ that made them unique individuals and/ were also subject to numerous restri
12、ctions/imposed by the male-dominated culture.20世纪以前,小说中的妇女都是这样一种模式，她们缺少了让其成为独立个体的一些特征，她们还要屈服于男性主导的文化强加给她们的种种束缚。,定语从句的翻译,Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxyge
13、n, for which it has a strong affinity.,长句的翻译,英文中的句子一般有四种：第一种是长句不带有很多标点，句子结构比较复杂，我们要做的就是先断句，在翻译，最后是重读第二种是长句带有佷多逗号，不需要任何断句，只需按照顺序就能看明白其意思，首先断句分析逻辑关系，重要的句子在后面翻译，然后翻译，最后重读。,定语从句的翻译,Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century,/because nowhere in nature is it found free,/owing to its always bei
14、ng combined with other elements,/most commonly with oxygen,/for which it has a strong affinity.铝，因为通常来说和其他元素相结合,最通常的就是和氧结合，因为铝和氧有很强的亲和力，所以在自然界找不到游离态的铝，铝直到19世纪才为人类所发现。,定语从句的翻译,They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that p
15、revious generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.,循环套用定语从句的翻译2,中心词+定语1+定语1翻译时：2+1+含有中心词的句子注：which有时指前面整个句子； 有时定语从句远离先行词；,直译与意译,as a curse直译（metaphrase）：基本保留原文的语言形式，保留原文的异国情调，把一种语言的形式和内容变为另外一种语言的心事和内容的过程意译（paraphrase）：不拘泥于原文的形式，讲一种语言所表达的意义，用另一种语言进行释义的解释,定语从句的翻译,They (the poor) ar
16、e the first to experience technological progress as a curse/ which destroys the old muscle-power jobs/ that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty. 以前几代人用旧式的体力劳动作为手段来摆脱贫困，而科技进步又摧毁了这种体力劳动，所以穷人最先体会到科技进步之苦。,练习,中英文定语的位置有什么差别？英译汉的主要步骤是什么？英文中的介词翻译成中文是是什么词性？中英文句式有什么差异？定语从句有几种译法？分别是什么？循环套用的定语从句是什么？怎么进行翻译？需要断句的长句和不需要断句的长句分别怎样进行翻译？直译和意译分别是什么？它们的特点是怎样的？,
