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1、太阳能电池工作原理及特性参数,南开大学光电子所：陈培专,2022/12/16,背景太阳能电池工作原理太阳能电池特性参数太阳能电池应用,目录,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,2,背景太阳能电池工作原理太阳能电池特性参数太阳能电池应用,目录,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,3,2022/
2、12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,4,背景,太阳能利用优势取之不尽用之不竭地球1天接收的太阳能=世界1年能源消耗总量 X 200倍利用方便有光照的地方就有太阳能清洁无废渣、废水、废气无噪音、大气污染、影响生态平衡等环境问题,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,5,背景,背景太阳能电池工作原理太阳能电
3、池特性参数太阳能电池应用,目录,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,6,太阳能电池：也称光伏电池，是吸收太阳能并将其直接转换为电能的器件基本工作原理光生伏特效应：半导体材料吸收光能后在PN结上产生电动势的效应1839年，法国物理学家贝勒克尔发现（E.Becquerel）PN结：P型半导体和N型半导体实现原子级接触（冶金学接触）所形成的结构,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film
4、Devices and Technique of Nankai University,7,太阳能电池工作原理,PN结的形成,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,8,太阳能电池工作原理,PN结特点扩散与漂移作用平衡，流过PN结的净电流为零PN结的厚度一定内建电场由N指向P接触电位一定（约零点几伏）,9,太阳能电池工作原理,PN结,N,P,1、产生光照产生电子空穴对。光子能量大于禁带宽度hvEg,2022/12/16,Institute of P
5、hoto-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,10,太阳能电池工作原理,PN结,N,P,2、输运产生的电子空穴对向势场区运动（扩散或漂移）,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,11,太阳能电池工作原理,PN结,N,P,3、分离电子和空穴在内建电场作用下向反方向运动分离,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics
6、 Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,12,太阳能电池工作原理,PN结,N,P,产生光生电动势,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,13,太阳能电池工作原理,PN结,N,P,空间电荷层减小，PN结势垒降低,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai U
7、niversity,14,太阳能电池工作原理,PN结,N,P,背景太阳能电池工作原理太阳能电池特性参数太阳能电池应用,目录,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,15,1、开路电压Voc：受光照的PN结如果处于开路状态，光生载流子只能积累于PN结两侧产生光生电动势，此时在电池外测得的电位差称为光生电压,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Techniqu
8、e of Nankai University,16,太阳能电池特性参数,N,P,+,V,Voc,Voc是太阳能电池可能获得的最大电压Voc的大小和PN结性质及光照强度有关,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,17,太阳能电池特性参数,2、短路电流Isc：光照状态下把PN结从外部短路，则PN结附近的光生载流子将通过这个途径流通，这时流过太阳电池的叫短路电流。,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics T
9、hin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,18,太阳能电池特性参数,N,P,+,A,非平衡载流子不再积累于PN结两侧，PN结恢复平衡状态电流方向从PN结内部看，从N区指向P区光生电动势为0,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,19,太阳能电池特性参数,3、转换效率：最大输出功率（Pmax）和输入光功率（Pin）之比。 = Pmax/Pin,2022/12/16,Institute
10、of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,20,太阳能电池特性参数,Pmax,+,0-,I-V特性曲线4、填充因子FF：最大输出功率Pmax占以Isc和Voc为边长的矩形面积的比率。FF=Pmax/VocIsc=ImVm/VocIsc = Pmax/Pin=FF*IscVoc/Pin,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,21,太阳能电池特
11、性参数,背景太阳能电池工作原理太阳能电池特性参数太阳能电池应用,目录,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,22,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,23,太阳能电池应用,THE END,Thank you for attention,2022/12/16,Institute of Photo-electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Nankai University,24,
