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1、Respiratory Disease Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,Bob Morrison DVM, MBA, PhDSwine Group University of Minnesota 明尼苏达大学,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,1,Respiratory Disease Mycopla,Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae猪肺炎支原体,Transmission is primarily by direct contact with carrier swine. 传播的主要途径是与病原携带猪的直接接触。Airborne transmi
2、ssion possible 经呼吸道传播使感染成为可能Any age pig is susceptible to infection. 所有日龄的猪都易感。Maintained in herds by sow (primarily parity 1,2) to suckling pig contact. 在猪群中通过母猪（主要是第一、二产次母猪）与哺乳仔猪 接触导致其持续存在。Primary clinical problem is in growing pigs, 3 to 6 months old 主要临床问题出现在3到6月龄的生长猪群身上,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,2,Mycoplasm
3、a hyopneumoniae猪肺炎支原,Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae猪肺炎支原体,Long incubation period 10 to 16 weeks 长潜伏期10-16周Slow spread 缓慢传播Large numbers present in the early stages of disease 大量的病例出现于疾病的早期阶段。Disease onset is gradual coughing for weeks to months 疾病的发病是渐进性的咳嗽可持续数周到数月Disease course is markedly affected by co
4、ncurrent or secondary infections 疾病的进程明显受并发或继发感染的影响High variation in virulence 病原毒力差异很大,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,3,Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae猪肺炎支原,What does M.hyopneumoniae do? 猪肺炎支原体有什么影响？,Colonizes tracheal epithelium 病原定居于气管上皮细胞Destroys cilia in tracheobronchi, interferes with clearance mechanisms 摧毁气管、支气管上皮的纤
5、毛，干扰气管的清除机制Interferes with macrophage activity 干扰了巨噬细胞活性Mononuclear peribronchial infiltration 单核细胞在支气管周围浸润Produces lesions of pneumonia 造成肺炎的病变May be severe in susceptible animals 对易感动物可能有严重后果Produces slight ADG 导致猪平均日增重的轻微下降Allows bacterial superinfections -Pasteurella, Strep, Actinobacillus 易发生细菌
6、的双重感染巴氏杆菌、链球菌、放线菌,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,4,What does M.hyopneumoniae do?,Immunohistochemical stain免疫组化染色,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,5,Immunohistochemical stain免疫组化,Diagnosis 诊断,Gross lesions in lungs 肺部的眼观病变well-demarcated, anteroventral, especially early in disease (7- 28 days) 界线分明、前腹叶、特别是在病变早期Histopathology 组织病理学Specifi
7、c and recognizable lesions 特异性和可辨识的病变Distinguish from SIV 与猪流感相区别Detection of organism by PCR, frozen section FA, immunohistochemistry, culture 通过聚合酶链式反应检测病原、冰冻切片的荧光抗体检测、免疫组织化学、病原培养Serology 血清学,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,6,Diagnosis 诊断Gross lesions in l,Mhyp,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,7,Mhyp呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体7,Histopathology 组织病理学,呼
8、吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,8,Histopathology 组织病理学呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支,Diagnosis 诊断,Culture is difficult 培养困难Fastidious, contamination by other Mycoplasma sp. 对培养要求苛刻，易受其他支原体的污染High sensitivity in the early stages of disease 在疾病的早期阶段有高灵敏度Organism numbers decline over the course of the disease 病原数量在整个疾病过程中都在逐步下降PCR nested vs
9、non-nested 聚合酶链式反应套式与非套式Routine, rapid 常规、快速（检验）Tracheobronchial swabs or lung lavage 支气管沾取物或肺部灌洗物Not upper respiratory tract, nasal swabs less sensitive 不要用上呼吸道采样，鼻拭出物敏感性较差Positive results correlated with 阳性结果与以下因素有关Presence of clinical signs, lung lesions, eventual seroconversion 临床特征的存在、肺部病变、最终的血
10、清学变化,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,9,Diagnosis 诊断Culture is diff,Immunoflurescence免疫荧光,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,10,Immunoflurescence免疫荧光 呼吸系统疾病猪肺,Diagnosis 诊断,Serology is a measure of response to natural infection or vaccination 血清学检验结果是衡量机体对自然感染或疫苗免疫应答的标准,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,11,Diagnosis 诊断Serology is a meas,Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
11、Serology 猪肺炎支原体的血清学,Serum antibody 血清抗体Delayed and variable seroconversion, 2 to 8 wks post-infection 延迟和产生血清学变化，感染后2到8周 ELISA 酶联免疫吸附Tween 20 ELISA 吐温20酶联免疫吸附Whole cell membrane protein antigen 全细胞膜表面蛋白抗原Cross-reactions with non-pathogenic M. flocculare 与无致病性的絮状支原体有交叉反应Antibodies peak 5-7 weeks post
12、 infection. Seropositive 1 year later (25% at 8-12 months) 抗体高峰出现在感染后5-7周，1年后仍呈血清学阳性（有25保持8-12个月）DAKO ELISA DAKO酶联免疫吸附Monoclonal antibody, species-specific epitope 74 kD protein antigen 支原体抗体，种属特异性的长度为74kD的单抗原决定簇蛋白抗原 Higher specificity 高度特异性Both have unexpected/false positive results 都有出现非预期/假阳性结果的可
13、能Repeated serological tests, clinical signs, lesions at necropsy or slaughter. 重复血清学检验、临床症状、剖检或屠宰中发现的病变,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,12,Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Serol,Evaluating prevalence流行状况的评估,Slaughter checks 屠宰检查check approximately 30 pigs 检查约30头猪as near as possible to 180 days 尽可能接近180日龄的猪at approximately sam
14、e age 在日龄基本相近的猪身上Cough index 咳嗽的观察observe 2 pens or 40 pigs 观察两栏或40头猪observe for 5 minutes 观察5分钟always same time of day 总在一天的同一时间观察count coughs/minute 记算每分钟咳嗽次数recognize that cough indicates onset of pneumonia, not infection and that cough does not give etiologic differentiation 辨别咳嗽是肺炎初起的反应、非感染性咳嗽和
15、无法给出病原的咳嗽间的区别Bacterium profile 细菌学剖面Use PCR from nasal swabs 用聚合酶链式反应分辩鼻拭出物的细菌Recognize that positive pigs may not be sick or infectious 要认识到阳性猪可能并没有该病或被感染,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,13,Evaluating prevalence流行状况的评估S,Respiratory Disease Complex呼吸系统病的复合感染,M hyo 肺炎支原体plus commonly detected bacteria 其他通常检出菌 P. multoc
16、ida, H parasuis, S suis, Actinomyces, etc.多杀性巴氏杆菌、嗜血杆菌、链球菌、放线杆菌等plus commonly detected viruses 其他通常检出病毒PRRS, PCV-2, Influenza, PRCV, etc. 蓝耳病、猪圆环病毒型、流感、伪狂犬病毒等,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,14,Respiratory Disease Complex呼吸,Lung from a pig with porcine respiratory disease complex due to PRRSV, M. hyo., and P. multocid
17、a 由蓝耳病病毒、肺炎支原体和多杀性巴氏杆菌导致的猪呼吸道病复合感染猪的肺部,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,15,Lung from a pig with porcine r,Respiratory Disease Complex呼吸系统病的复合感染,Essentially a delayed presentation of mycoplasma 必然推迟支原体的疾病表现Usually seen in late finishing stages 通常出现在育成猪阶段的后期This complicated form is more severe than uncomplicated enzootic
18、 pneumonia 有复合感染的情形远较非复合性感染的地方性流行性肺炎Treatment and control are difficult 治疗和控制都很困难Vaccinate sows 疫苗免疫母猪Vaccinate pigs for M hyo 肺炎支原体疫苗免疫猪Gilt acclimation, ensure that gilts have high immunity and low shedding 后备母猪的环境适应，确保后备母猪有高免疫力和低散毒率。,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,16,Respiratory Disease Complex呼吸,Serology 血清学,Sero
19、logy is a measure of immune response either natural or vaccine induced. It does not predict protective effects. 血清学检验结果是衡量免疫应答的标准不论是自然感染还是疫苗诱导。但是它并不能预期疫苗的保护效果Higher seroprevalence in lower parity sows. 在低产次母猪中有更高的血清学发病率。Colostral antibody decay from 30 to 63 days 母源抗体的衰竭从30开始到63天结束Colostral antibodi
20、es may provide partial protection against experimental challenge and natural disease. 母源抗体可能提供了部分保护以对抗在实验和自然疾病的感染。,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,17,Serology 血清学Serology is a meas,Serum profile 血清学曲线sample lots of 10 pigs of different ages 从10头猪的不同日龄采取大量血清样品test serum for antibodies 检测血清中的抗体determine seroconversion 确
21、定血清学变化recognize that seroconversion in M hyo is very delayed 认识到肺炎支原体的血清学变化的出现具有很大的时延性。,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,18,Serum profile 血清学曲线呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原,Treatment for M. hyo肺炎支原体的治疗,Tiamulin 泰妙灵15 mg/kg x 3 days IM15毫克/公斤体重3天 肌注30 ppm in the feed 30ppm拌料Lincomycin 林可霉素10 mg/kg x 3 days IM 10毫克/公斤体重3天 肌注100 mg/ton tre
22、atment 100毫克/吨 治疗剂量40 gm/ton control 40克/吨 控制剂量Tylan 泰乐菌素8 mg/kg x 3 days IM - not licensed for treatment 8毫克/公斤体重3天 肌注不允许用于治100 gm/ton - effectiveness? 100克/吨 治疗剂量有效？Tylan/Sulfa泰乐菌素/磺胺类药物100 gm/ton tylosin & 100 gm/ton Sulfamethazine 100克/吨泰乐菌素和100克/吨磺胺二甲基嘧啶Tetracyclines 四环素类400gm/ton Chlortetracyc
23、line 400克/吨金霉素20 mg/kg Oxytetracycline IM 20毫克/公斤体重土霉素 肌注 50mg/kg Tetracycline HCI PC 50毫克/公斤体重盐酸四环素Very good for prophylaxis 有很好的预防效果,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,19,Treatment for M. hyo肺炎支原体的治疗Ti,Treatment for P. multocida多杀性巴氏杆菌的治疗,Sulfas磺胺类药Sulfadimethoxine 磺胺二甲氧基嘧啶Sulfamethazine - residues! 磺胺二甲基嘧啶残留问题！Sulfath
24、iazole 磺胺塞唑Given in drinking water 3-5d 饮水投药3-5天Lincomycin -no direct effect on Pasteurella 林可霉素对巴氏杆菌没有直接作用Spectinomycin壮观霉素10 mg/kg IM 10毫克/公斤体重 肌注Tetracyclines - See Mycoplasma 四环素类见支原体章节Ampicillin 氨苄青霉素10 mg/kg IM 10毫克/公斤体重 肌注Trimethoprim/Sulfa 磺胺增效剂/磺胺In drinking water-not labeled in USA 饮水投药美国没
25、有给药标准,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,20,Treatment for P. multocida多杀性,Control 控制,Risk factors 风险因素Presence of virulent organism 强致病力病原的存在Immunosuppressive viruses 免疫抑制性病毒Animals from many sources 多来源动物Continuous flow production 连续流水线生产Excessive density 过高饲养密度Open pen partitions 开放式栏舍分隔设计Poor biosecurity 不佳的生物安全措施Inap
26、propriate timing of vaccines or medications 不合理的疫苗免疫或用药时机,Control 控制ALL IN/ALL OUT 全进/全出Offsite production 猪场外生产Single source animals 动物单一来源Minimize mixing and sorting 最少的混群程度和最小的筛选程度Wean early 早期断奶No cross-fostering after 24 hours 在出生后24小时不要交叉哺乳Proper ventilation and adequate space 良好的通风和足够的饲养空间Do not keep poor-doing pigs 不要保留生产能力不佳的猪,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,21,Control 控制Risk factors 风险因素C,Eradication of M.Hyopneumoniae肺炎支原体的根除,To follow 如下,呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体,22,Eradication of M.Hyopneumoniae,
