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1、God helps those who help themselves.,自助者天助之。/苍天不负苦心人。/天道酬勤。,Lesson 3 An unknown goddess,爱琴海文明,爱琴文明是指公元前20世纪至公元前12世纪间的爱琴海域的上古文明。它是指公元前20年前12世纪存在于地中海东部的爱琴海岛、希腊半岛及小亚细亚西部的欧洲青铜时代的文明，因围绕爱琴海域而得名。在希腊文明之前，是最早的欧洲文明，是西方文明的源泉。爱琴文明最早起源于克里特岛，然后传播到希腊大陆和小亚细亚。公元前1700前1400年，克里特文明发展到它的全盛时期，不久突然衰退，爱琴文明的中心转移到希腊半岛的迈锡尼。主要
2、包括米诺斯文明和迈锡尼文明两大阶段，前后相继。有兴旺的农业和海上贸易，宫室建筑及绘画艺术均很发达，是世界古代文明的一个重要代表。,About Greece,The famous god and goddess,古希腊人信奉的诸神，主要包括有主神宙斯(Zeus)、天后赫拉(Hera)、海神波塞冬(Poseidon )、智慧女神雅典娜(Athena )、美神维纳斯(Venus)、太阳神阿波罗(Apollo)、月亮与狩猎女神阿尔泰弥斯、谷物女神德墨忒尔 、火神赫菲斯托斯、战神阿瑞斯、众神使者与亡灵接引神赫尔墨斯、灶神或家室女神赫斯提，有时也包括酒神狄俄尼索斯和英雄赫拉克勒斯。,Read and an
3、swer question,How did the author write the article？,An unknown goddess,UnknownNot be known by name 无名的、Not well-known 不出名的I am nobody.I am a small potato.He is somebody/a big shot.,goddess-ess后缀表示女性hostess、waitress、actress、heiress(女继承人）archaeologistarchaeo:表示古老的，archaic：陈旧的，过时的。-logy 表学科或某种技能、研究biol
4、ogy、geology、psychology 心理学-ist: 表人（特别是专家）artist 、paintist,archaeologist.考古学家archaeology.考古学(科) archaeological adj.考古的词汇扩展：Architecture n.建筑学Architect n.建筑师architectural adj.建筑上的, 建筑学的,Promontory n.海角cape: a large piece of land with 3 side waterThe cape of Good hopechannel:连接大海之间的水域 English channelst
5、rait: 连接两大土地之间海洋的水域,Explore vt. 考察/勘探（易错词）explode v.爆炸exploit v.剥削、利用考古学家们正在探查洞穴。The archaeologists are exploring the cave.泰山探索丛林。Tarzan explored the jungle. 科学家探索未知的宇宙Scientists explore the unknown universe.,另外： explore vt.(研究)+theissue/topic/question 数学家总在钻研新的难题Mathematicians are always exploring
6、new problems.词汇拓展：exploration :n.探险/踏勘/探测 explorer n. 探险家,rosperous: adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的 繁荣富强prosperous and stronga prosperous year 富足的一年 a prosperous business翻译生意兴隆Prosper vi.改革开放之后 我国富强起来了After reform and opening up, our nation has prospered.,Prosperity noun.经济繁荣与人民幸福是我们的目标Economic prosperity and pe
7、oples welfare (happiness) are our aims.共同富裕 Common prosperity,欣赏与翻译Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them富贵易交友 患难见真情同义词：thriving 昌盛的，兴旺的booming 蓬勃的，景气的flourishing 繁茂的，健康的反义词slump n.衰退slack a.松弛的，不振作的，经济衰退的in low time,civilization: n文明enjoy high level of civilization古代巴比伦 享有高度文明The ancient Ba
8、bylon enjoyed a high level of civilization.人们普遍认为中国文化是世界上最古老的文化之一。It is believed/generally accepted that the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. Civilize vt.使开化, 使文明, 教化,storey n.楼层=美story三层楼的房子 ahouseof threestoreys a three-storey house 楼上 the upper storey,DrainBrain drain翻译They
9、 find it difficult to keep good staff because of the brain drain由于人才外流，他们很难保住自己的人马了。,The country suffers from a continual brain drain because of bad economy 那个国家因经济不景气,人才不断外流,worship: vt. means respect; admire （既可以对神的崇拜，也可以对人、物像神一样崇拜） worship god Worship the ground sb walks on五体投地n. 崇拜act of worship
10、 宗教仪式 hero worship （盲目的）英雄崇拜=worship of heroworship of money,sacred: adj. 宗教的/神圣的=holy (holy water) sacred music 圣乐/宗教音乐 sacred promise 神圣诺言 sacred song 圣歌 the sacred name of the God 上帝的圣名sacred rights 神圣的权利,她认为完成她已故父亲的遗愿是她神圣的职责。She considered its a sacred duty to fulfill her dead fathers wishes.,对比
11、：表示“圣”的词sacred 指“由于将某物奉献于宗教用途而获得神圣性, 值得崇敬”, 强调用途，非本身holy 多用于宗教方面, 指“道德或精神等方面极为完美的”, 强调“内在含有一种神圣本质, 使之值得崇拜”, 特指“与神有关的” adj. 神圣的/圣洁的(自身的特性) 例如:a person圣洁的人 a place神圣的地方,fragment: n. 碎片，小部分 花瓶被打破成碎片了The vase was reduced to fragments,n片段 部分Fragments of ones life这张照片记录了我大学生活的一个片段The photo showed a fragme
12、nt of my college life.他的日记部分记录了他们的罗曼史His diary recorded a fragment of their romance.,Remains遗体（后跟复数动词）他的遗体长眠在那座塔里His remains lie in the tower.遗迹+单数动词古代罗马的遗址非常壮丽The remains of ancient Rome is splendid剩饭the remains of lunch,Classical adj.古典的classic adj.第一流的/标准的，典范的对比 classical music,翻译A classic novel
13、n.经典（书籍等）翻译I love reading classics.我爱读经典著作。翻译那场迈克尔杰克逊的演唱会太经典了That concert of Michael Jackson was a classic,建造的词汇construct 构造，建造，组织(put parts together),强调构造框架,把什么拼装在一起,例如:construct a sentenceconstruct a station,不十分正式的提到建造具体的建筑物时用build/put upbuild a house put up a tent,erect: build high buildings ,suc
14、h as monument/skyscraper(强调建造比较高大的建筑物) 例如:erect monument erect clock tower,其他的搭配 establish a school /rule found a country,constructive adj. 有教育意义的最终他提出了建设性的意见Finally he came up with some constructive ideasconstructor :n.建造者 施工人员,Rest (手 目光等)停留Vi他的目光停留在我的钱包上His eyes rested on my purse.他凝视我的脸His eyes
15、rested on my face.Vt.他把手肘搁在桌子上He rested his elbow on the table.,HipA and b + be joined at the hip .表示交情极厚的(穿一条裤子的)那两个人交情极厚。These two are jointed at the hip,Full-length全身的Full-length mirrorFull-length photo全长的 未删的Full-length novelFull-length movie,graceful adj.优美的，雅致的 a graceful lady一个体态优雅的女士对比elegan
16、t(用来形容修饰一个人的行为举止): behavior,grace: n.优美，雅致欣赏与翻译In sports fields we can learnto win without pride and lose with grace.赢得起 输得起,Identity noun.Identity cardIdentify vt.他感到有义务指认犯人,He felt obliged to identify the criminal.U F O UnidentifiedFlying Objects,Line 2,An American team explored a temple whichwhic
17、h引导定语从句，修饰限定templewhich stands in an ancient city onwhich = that; stand = lie, situate (vt.) locate (vt.)An American team explored a temple which is located / situated inAn American team explored a temple which lie instand表示高高坐落于，矗立于Eg: She stands 1.75m. / A great tree stands on the mountain.,The ci
18、ty at one time must have been prosperous，for itfor引导原因状语从句，对主句的附加说明because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因Eg: The day broke for the birds were singing.must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测,Line 4,at one time 表达“曾经/一度”,是过去时态的标志,相当于once这个女演员一度享有很高的声誉This actress enjoyed good reputation at one time.,Line 6,beautifully decorated 副词
19、-过去分词 做定语 表示被动关系 表示后面的名词“被。”a beautifully-dressed lady 翻译一间装修漂亮的房间,A well-decorated room一个管理不善的公司A poorly-managed company一个精心安排的聚会A carefully-planned party设计的很糟糕的游戏A terribly-designed game,当被名词词与修饰词之间为逻辑主动关系,则常用现在分词短语做定语:a boy climbing the treethe students reading in the room对比A badly-hurt soldierA
20、soldier killing his enemies,Line 7,Be equipped with 这辆车配了空调The car is equipped with air conditioner.他们公司人手一台手提电脑Everyone in his company is equipped with a laptop.,Line 7,beneath=under (是on的反义词,表示和某物接触并在它的正下方)正下方,例如:He is standing under/beneath the umbrella(接触 在下面),但是under它既可以表示相接触,也可以表示不接触不接触时不可与ben
21、eath互换比如They are picnicking under the tree(不用beneath),另一方面,under还可以表示“在进行中在控制或管辖下”under controlunder discussionunder construction这时under不能换为beneath,另外,below 在下方，强调在斜下方,始终表示两个表面之间不相接触,Line 10,StatueStatue of LibertyStatus 地位/身份 Status symbol,Line 12,dating from 现在分词作定语指“追溯回到公元前的遗迹/废墟”the customs dati
22、ng from 1990追溯回到1990年的风俗Date from=date back to开始于/起始于,The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young 这风俗起源于他爷爷年轻的时候这座城堡建于14世纪 The castle dates back to the 14th century.,Line 12,happen to:用来强调事情的偶然发生,而不是主观思想上产生的想法或者念头 基本句式:happen to do It happened that.他恰巧在他的口袋里找到了这张票。He happened to
23、 find the ticket in his pocket. 我碰巧在上班的路上遇到了她 It happened that I met her on my way to work,Line 15,turn out to be :indicates a kind of surprise含有出乎意料的意思,表示“结果是/原来是”,相当于“prove”,我去见的这个人原来是我从前的同学 The guy I went to meet turned out to be my former classmate 我以为这位作家年纪很大 没想到是个年轻小伙子I thought the writer was an old man, yet he turned out to be a young boy.,Line 17,so far: up till/to now 迄今为止,是完成时的标志固定结构So far so good.到现在为止一切顺利,homework,1、10 different words between British English and American English.E.g: lift elevator.2、向你的朋友写封信，转述unit2的故事.,
