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1、Unit 5 Knowledge and Ignorance,Unit 5 Knowledge and Ignorance,Text A,Learning Objectives,Literary Elements,Critical Thinking,Reading Strategies,Intercultural Competence,Learning ObjectivesLiterary El,Literary ElementsReading Strategies,AllegoryUn-intrusive third-person narrationIrony, satire,Learnin
2、g Objectives,Look up the technical terms in the text and consider the authors purposeLearn about the genre of the storyIdentify the rhetorical devices and consider their effect,Literary ElementsAllegoryLearn,Critical Thinking,Learning Objectives,Examine some of the traditional ideas and practices in
3、 Western and Chinese medicineCompare and critique creation myths from different culturesCompare cultural products from the East and West in light of the embedded ways of thinking,Examine and evaluate the assumptions of the doctors remarks Explain the authors approach of loading the story with medica
4、l jargonsUnderstand the dialectics of knowledge and ignorance and apply the understanding to the real world,Intercultural Competence,Critical Thinking Learning Obj,Lead in,Learning new things is a very big part of our life, and the human pursuit of knowledge has always been a major motif of literatu
5、re. Does knowledge always bring us nearer to the truth? Does ignorance always mean lack of knowledge?,Lead inLearning new things is,Lead in,Stephen Hawking warns us, “The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance; it is the illusion of knowledge.” Confucius teaches us, “Real knowledge is to know
6、the extent of ones ignorance.”Text A tells an absurdist story of a man with a pain in his toe who gets trapped in a series of complex diagnostic procedures and referrals to specialists. Text B records the learning process of a man who was quite ignorant of his ignorance at the beginning. As you read
7、 the stories, think about whether knowledge serves to enlighten or confuse the characters? Does it make them happy or miserable? Can you explain why?,Lead inStephen Hawking warns u,Background Knowledge,1. About the Author,Alan Nourse (19281992) was generally known as an American science fiction (SF)
8、 writer and physician. The story was published in 1963, and in the story a doctor says its 1972, which means that the story has a futuristic setting. Its not a typical science fiction as I understand the term, for science fiction, though hard to define, usually involves wilder imaginative concepts s
9、uch as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, parallel universes and extraterrestrial life.,Background Knowledge1. About t,Background Knowledge,continued,Yet it may be viewed as a story of science fiction in the sense that the author makes up a futuristic setting of extremely
10、meticulous divisions of medicine to warn against such a trend, since science fiction also means, according to science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein, realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough unde
11、rstanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method.,Background KnowledgecontinuedY,Background Knowledge,2. Medical terms and expressions,Background Knowledge2. Medical,Background Knowledge,Background Knowledge,Background Knowledge,the Diagnostic Clinic (诊断科) the Therapeutic Clinic (治疗
12、科) the Functional Clinic(功能科)Mitral Valve Clinic (二尖瓣科) Aortic Valve Clinic (主动脉瓣科),Background Knowledgethe Diagn,Background Knowledge,sychoneuroticist 神经心理医生（a made-up word, possibly coined from Psychoneurosis 精神神经病 or Neuropsychology 神经心理学）psychosociologist 社会心理医生（a made-up word; psycho plus socio
13、logist）pituitary osmoreceptorologist 渗透压感受器专家（a word possibly coined from pituitary osmoreceptor 渗透压感受器）,Background Knowledgepsychoneu,1. Text Structure,Part Para(s)Main idea I1-28W,1. Why do you think Wheatley “had been palpitating for five days straight at the prospect” of coming to see the doctor
14、? (Para. 2),Part I Comprehension Check,He was very nervous.,1. Why do you think Wheatley “,2. Did Wheatley realize that it was a serious mistake on his part not having had a checkup in ten years and became really worried about that? (Para. 13),After hearing what the first doctor had said, Wheatley i
15、s certainly worried by his words, but not to the serious extent.,2. Did Wheatley realize that i,3. Why did the doctor heave a sigh? (Para. 15),The doctor didnt think Wheatley gave enough attention to his health.,3. Why did the doctor heave a,4. Why did Wheatley “rubbed his toe on the chair leg” ? (P
16、ara. 18),Wheatley “rubbed his toe on the chair leg” because he was upset by what the doctor said.,4. Why did Wheatley “rubbed hi,5. The doctor at the beginning of the story frequently cut Wheatley short. Why do you think he did this? Was he being rude, impatient, or otherwise?,He doesnt think Wheatl
17、eys complaints have much value. He has his own professional training of inquiring.,5. The doctor at the beginning,6. Why did Wheatley ask the first doctor to take his blood pressure? (para. 27),He starts to feel worried and thinks that the doctor may take the blood pressure or do other check-ups to
18、decide whether its inflammatory or something else.,6. Why did Wheatley ask the fi,7. Do you find the first doctors enquiries and diagnoses sensible and logical? Is there anything he said that you might actually agree with? Do you find his advice professional? How competent a doctor do you think he w
19、as according to your criteria of a good doctor?,The doctors professional in the sense that he made the enquiries and diagnoses in a logical way. Of course the problem is that he always cut the patient short, relied too much on his theoretical hypotheses and wouldnt do any check-up to ascertain what
20、was wrong with the toe. Therefore he is not a competent doctor.,7. Do you find the first docto,Part I Word Study,alpitate (Para. 2, line 1)verbif your heart palpitates, it beats quickly in an irregular way（心脏）悸动e.g. He felt suddenly faint, and his heart began to palpitate.e.g. The thought of flying
21、makes me palpitate.,Part I Word Studypalpit,2. straight (Para. 2, line 1)adverb 1) happening one after the other in a series连续地，接连地e.g. He has been without sleep now for three days straight.2) immediately, without delay, or without doing anything else first 立刻，马上Collocation: straight to/up/down/back
22、 etc.e.g. I went straight up to bed. e.g. I think I should get straight to the point.,2. straight (Para. 2, line 1),3. wiggle (Para. 6, line 1)verbto move with small movements from side to side or up and down, or to make something move like this 使摆动，使扭动 e.g. Henry wiggled his toes.,3. wiggle (Para.
23、6, line 1)Pa,4. leaf through something (Para. 9, line 1)to turn the pages of a book quickly, without reading it properly 翻书页synonym: skim through e.g. She picked up the magazine and leafed through it.,4. leaf through something (Pa,5. heave (Para. 15, line 1)verb 1)to pull or lift something very heav
24、y with one great effort 举起Collocation: heave somebody/something out of/into/onto etc. something e.g. Alan heaved his suitcase onto his bed. Collocation: heave on/at e.g. We had to heave on the rope holding the anchor to get it on board.,5. heave (Para. 15, line 1)Pa,2) to throw something heavy using
25、 a lot of effort John heaved the metal bar over the fence. 投掷3) to move up and down with very strong movements 使起伏e.g. Michaels shoulders heaved with silent laughter. e.g. The sea heaved up and down beneath the boat.4) intransitive informal to vomit 呕吐e.g. I think Im gonna heave.Collocation: heave i
26、n sight/into view 出现；进入视线heave a sigh 长舒一口气,continued,2) to throw something heavy us,6. prop up (Para. 20, line 1)verb 1) to prevent something from falling by putting something against it or under it 支住，支撑e.g. The builders are trying to prop up the crumbling walls of the church.2) to help an economy
27、, industry, or government so that it can continue to exist, especially by giving money （用金钱）支持（政府），维持（经济）e.g. The government introduced measures to prop up the stock market.,6. prop up (Para. 20, line 1),Collocation: prop yourself up (on/against/with) 靠着（某物）站直e.g. She propped herself up on one elbow
28、.,continued,Collocation: Part I Part IIPa,7. inflammatory (Para. 26, line 2)adjective an inflammatory speech, piece of writing etc. is likely to make people feel angry e.g. inflammatory remarks 有感染力的2) medical an inflammatory disease or medical condition causes inflammation 感染的e.g. inflammatory bowe
29、l disease,7. inflammatory (Para. 26, l,1. “Fifty-five!” The doctor leafed through the medical record on his desk. “But this is incredible. You havent had a checkup in almost ten years!”. (Para. 9),Part I Sentence Analysis,This italicization has an implied meaning. The doctor shows his incredulity. H
30、e believes 55 as a critical age but the man hasnt had a checkup for almost 10 years.,1. “Fifty-five!” The doctor le,2. “Of course you may be feeling well enough, but that doesnt mean everything is just the way it should be. And now, you see, youre having pains in your toes!” (Para. 13),This italiciz
31、ation implies that the doctor doesnt believe he is actually well.,2. “Of course you may be feeli,3. “One toe today, perhaps,” said the doctor heavily. “But tomorrow” He heaved a sigh. (Para. 15),“It might start as pain in one toe but lead to something more serious.” the doctor sighed.,Paraphrase the
32、 sentence,3. “One toe today, perhaps,” s,4. “I suppose I should have seen to it,” Wheatley admitted. (Para. 21),“I suppose I should have had checkups in the past ten years.” Wheatley admitted.,Paraphrase the sentence,4. “I suppose I should have se,5. Well, of course I could do that, but thats not ge
33、tting at the root of the trouble, is it? (Para. 24),This italicization implies that the doctor was shocked that the patient was “ignorant” to the extent that he asked only for something to stop the pain. According to the doctor, the root cause of the problem had to be found out first.,5. Well, of co
34、urse I could do,6. “We have to think about those things,” said the doctor. (Para. 26),The italization implies that Wheatley hasnt thought much about his own health.,6. “We have to think about tho,1. What do you make of the red-headed doctors words about the X rays? How do you interpret his comment “
35、Very interesting”? Does it sound like something a doctor would normally say to a patient? What do you think the doctor really intended? (Para. 29),Part II Comprehension Check,“Interesting” here might be a euphemism for something tricky, something difficult to handle.,1. What do you make of the red,2
36、. What is the grave-looking doctors specialism judging by what he said? Why did he cite Doctor Haddonfelds paper in the AMA Journal in such detail? Was he merely paying professional courtesy? (Para. 38),He is an Orthopedic Radiologist (And I think he is a colleague of Dr. Schultzs). He mentions the
37、article in details possibly because its his recent focus of attention, or in other words he is still thinking about it when he talks.,2. What is the grave-looking d,3. What does “Dawn broke on the doctors face” mean in Para. 43?,The doctor realized what Wheatley wanted to say. It only occurred to hi
38、m that the patient just wants something to stop the pain.,3. What does “Dawn broke on th,4. Wheatley had gone to Aortic Valve Clinic “by mistake” before he went to Mitral Valve Clinic. Why does the author describe him as going “by mistake”? Can you give a more likely explanation? What does this sugg
39、est about modern medical science? (Para. 44),Early on the doctor simply told Wheatley to go to the “Valve Clinic”, talking it for granted that Wheatley knew which valve clinic he should go. But it was unlikely for a layperson like Wheatley to know that there was a subdivision of “valve Clinic” and w
40、hich one was the right one for him.,4. Wheatley had gone to Aortic,Fortunately, there is no “Mitral Valve Clinic”, “Aortic Valve Clinic” or even “Valve Clinic” in the real world. The author makes them up as a good example to show how unnecessarily complicated and how confusing modern medical science
41、 has become.,continued,Fortunately, there is no “Mitr,5. Why do the doctors refer Wheatley to their colleagues specializing in dierent fields? (Para. 53),One sentence can account for all those referrals: “Always best to let the expert handle the problem in his own field.” I think the quotation might
42、 be part of the long-term professional training they have received before they become doctors.,5. Why do the doctors refer Wh,Therefore I put the blame on the unnecessary branching of modern medicine science, not on the doctors themselves. They are trained in this way. Its not their irresponsibility
43、 or something. Actually this article helps me to develop some empathy for the doctors in past news reports about doctors asking their patients to do a thorough checkup before making their diagnoses. I used to think, like what the reporters led us to believe, that they were just trying to make more m
44、oney. But this article throws new light on those cases. Now I can see why the doctors think it reasonable and even necessary to do such checkups. They are trained in this way.,continued,Therefore I put the blame on t,6. What do you think of the doctors in the story? In what ways does the story chall
45、enge or confirm your own opinion about doctors?,Open.,6. What do you think of the do,Part II Word Study,mutter (Para. 38, line 1)1) intransitive, transitive to speak in a low voice, especially because you are annoyed about something, or you do not want people to hear you 咕哝；喃喃自语e.g. “I never want to
46、 come here again,” he muttered to himself. e.g. Elsie muttered something I couldnt catch and walked off. Collocation: mutter about e.g. What are you two muttering about?,Part II Word Studymutte,2) intransitive to complain about something or express doubts about it, but without saying clearly and ope
47、nly what you think 咕哝；抱怨地说Collocation: mutter about e.g. Some senators muttered darkly about the threat to national security.,continued,2) intransitive to complain,2. mumble (Para. 38, line 7) to say something too quietly or not clearly enough, so that other people cannot understand you 含糊地说e.g. He
48、bumped into someone and mumbled an apology.Synonym: mutterCollocation: mumble to yourself e.g. A woman on the corner was mumbling to herself.,2. mumble (Para. 38, line 7),3. stroke (Para. 43, line 3) verb1)to move your hand gently over something 轻抚 e.g. He reached out and stroked her cheek tenderly.
49、2) always + adverb/preposition to hit or kick a ball with a smooth movement in games such as tennis, golf, and cricket击球 e.g. He stroked the ball into an empty net, with a minute to go.3) to say nice things to someone to make them feel good 讨好，奉承e.g. He knew he had to tolerate Haley, stroke him some
50、, and wait for his rage to subside.,3. stroke (Para. 43, line 3),4. thump (Para. 44, line 3) 1) transitive informal to hit someone very hard with your hand closed 捶击 e.g. If you dont shut up, Im going to thump you! e.g. She thumped the table with her fist.2 transitive, intransitive always + adverb/p
