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1、中国江苏国际经济技术合作公司 城市垃圾焚烧发电项目Municipal solid waste incineration power generation project方案江苏国际经济技术合作公司2017/2/20前言Preface随着城市化进程的加快，垃圾污染日益严重。对垃圾处理不当，会造成严重的大气、水和土壤污染，并将占用大量土地，从而制约城市的生存与发展。如何解决垃圾问题，已引起全社会的高度重视。城市垃圾是居民生活产生的废弃物，但从另一个角度来说，垃圾也不是百无一用的废物，如果科学地加以利用，它也是地球上可以不断增长的可再生资源。面对垃圾泛滥的现状，全球专家已经不再仅仅着眼于控制和销毁的
2、被动防守，而是主动将垃圾和能源这一废一宝紧密联系起来，例如：利用垃圾发电来解决能源问题。With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the waste pollution is becoming more and more serious. Improper disposal of waste will cause serious air, water and soil pollution, and will occupy a lot of land, thereby restricting the survival and devel
3、opment of the city. How to solve the garbage problem has aroused great attention of the whole society.City residents living garbage is a waste, but from another perspective, the garbage is not good for nothing waste, if science is to use, it is also the earth could be growing renewable resources. Fa
4、cing the situation of garbage flooding, global experts have not only focus to control and destroy the passive defense, but this initiative will waste energy and waste a precious together, for example: the use of garbage power to solve the energy problem.一、建设规模Construction scale一个总人口130万，中心城区人口40万，农村
5、人口90万的城市，日产垃圾约650吨/日，利用这些生活垃圾建设垃圾焚烧发电厂，建设2台日处理垃圾400吨的焚烧炉配置2套9MW的汽轮发电机组。其主机技术条件如下：A total population of 1 million 300 thousand, the center of the urban population of 400 thousand rural population, 900 thousand of the city, Nissan garbage about 650 tons / day, the use of these waste construction waste
6、 incineration power plant, turbine generator incinerator configuration of 400 tons of construction waste disposal, 2 sets of 2 sets of 9MW. The main technical conditions are as follows:1、焚烧炉主要技术规范Main technical specification for incinerator焚烧炉台数：Number of incinerator2台套焚烧炉形式：Incinerator form机械炉排炉sto
7、ker fired grate炉排数量：Fire Grate quantity2套每套炉排处理垃圾的能力：16.7t/h400t/dThe ability of each grate to deal with garbage后燃烧室的最低温度（二次风后）：850The lowest temperature of the combustion chamber (two stroke)烟气在超过850范围内的滞留时间：2秒Residence time of flue gas in excess of 850 DEG C超负荷连续运行时间：负荷连续运行时间：二次Overload continuous
8、 running time Continuous running time: twice负荷范围：60110Load range焚烧垃圾的设计低位热值：1530kcal/kgLow calorific value of incineration waste可焚烧垃圾的上限大低位热值：2050kcal/kgUpper and lower calorific value of incineration waste可焚烧垃圾的下限低位热值：1000 kcal/kgLower limit calorific value of burnable waste炉渣热灼减率：渣Slag burning rat
9、e每座焚烧炉辅助燃烧器：2台Auxiliary burner for each incinerator辅助燃料：#0轻柴油Auxiliary fuel #0 light diesel oil渗沥液回喷系统：具备Leachate injection system Have垃圾给料系统数量：2套Quantity of refuse feeding system每套给料系统的给料能力（MCR工况下）：25t/hFeeding capacity of each feeding system (MCR)垃圾料斗储存量满足的连续运行时间：1 hContinuous running time of garb
10、age hopper storage2、余热锅炉主要技术规范Main technical specification for waste heat boiler型式：自然循环卧式水管锅炉Type Natural circulation horizontal water tube boiler数量：2 套QuantityMCR时的蒸发量：57 t/hEvaporation capacity at MCR末级过热蒸汽压力：4.0 MPa(a)Final steam pressure末级过热蒸汽温度：400Final superheated steam temperature锅炉给水压力：4.9 M
11、Pa(a)Boiler feed pressure锅炉给水温度：130Boiler feed water temperature汽包压力：4.7MPa（a） Drum pressure烟气流量：最大 96000 Nm3/h (110%MCR )Gas flow余热锅炉进口烟气温度：8501000Exhaust gas temperature余热锅炉锅炉省煤器出口烟气温度：165195Exhaust gas temperature of boiler economizer of waste heat boiler余热锅炉热效率：82 %（MCR）。Thermal efficiency of wa
12、ste heat boiler3、汽轮机主要技术规范Main technical specification for steam turbine数量：2台Quantity型号：QF9-2 Type额定功率：9000kWPower ratings最大功率：9900kWMaximum power正常功率：7600kWNormal output型式：中压、单缸、凝汽式Type Medium pressure, single cylinder, condensing type进汽压力：3.8MPaInlet steam pressure进汽温度：395Inlet steam temperature额定
13、进气量：43.9t/hRated air input最大进气量：48t/hMaximum air input正常进气量：37t/hNormal air input4、汽轮发电机主要技术规范Main technical specification for turbo-dynamo数量2台Quatity型号QF-9-2Type额定功率9MWPower ratings电压10.5kVVoltage额定转速3000r/minRated speed功率因数0.8Power factor频率变化范围48.550.5HzFrequency variation range冷却方式空气冷却Cooling met
14、hod发电机效率97%Generator efficiency二、处理垃圾情况Garbage disposal1、 设计垃圾低位热值的确定Determination of low calorific value of waste城市垃圾和常规燃料煤炭、石油、天然气不同，具有非均质性和多变性，且各区域、各个季节垃圾变化是很大的，这给垃圾焚烧带来一定困难。能对垃圾进行焚烧发电处理，必须具有一定条件： 垃圾要具有一定的发热值，当垃圾中低位发热值3350kJ/kg（800kcal/kg）时，焚烧需助燃，掺煤或烧油助燃。一般认为，垃圾低位发热值5000kJ/kg（1200kcal/kg）燃烧效果较好。一
15、般城市生活垃圾低位发热值在33508374kJ/kg（800-2000kcal/kg）范围，垃圾中含水量50。Urban waste and conventional fuel coal, oil, natural gas is different, with heterogeneity and variability, and in various regions, seasonal changes in garbage is very large, which brings some difficulties to waste incineration. Can the garbage i
16、ncineration power generation, must have certain conditions: refuse to have a certain calorific value, when the garbage in the low heating value is less than or equal to 3350kJ/kg (800kcal/kg), need to burn coal mixed combustion, combustion or burning oil. It is generally believed that the low calori
17、fic value of garbage 5000kJ/kg (1200kcal/kg) combustion effect is better. General city garbage calorific value in 3350 8374kJ/kg (800-2000kcal/kg), water content of less than 50% in the garbage.按处理2x400吨/日生活垃圾发电厂服务年限按不低于20年设计，焚烧厂的设备效率和配置合理性需考虑在整个运营期间内的垃圾特性。一般取运营期间中间年份的垃圾特性作为焚烧厂处理的标准垃圾，并同时考虑到运行开始初期的低
18、质垃圾，以及随着生活水平的提高垃圾热值将会有所提高的焚烧厂运行后期的高质垃圾。另外，垃圾特性不仅随着年份的变化而不同，即使在同一年度，垃圾特性随着季节也明显不同。一般是夏季垃圾含水率高、热值较低，而冬季垃圾含水率较低、热值稍高，春秋两季介于冬夏之间。垃圾焚烧厂必须处理运行期间的所有年份和所有季节的垃圾，因此，垃圾热值的一般设定为：设计垃圾低位热值、上限垃圾低位热值和下限垃圾低位热值。According to the disposal of 2x400 tons / day waste power plant service life of not less than 20 years, the
19、 efficiency of the plant and the allocation of equipment to consider the rationality of the entire operating period of garbage characteristics.The characteristic of waste incineration plant generally take during the operation of the middle period as the standard disposal, and taking into account the
20、 operation began in the early and late operation of low quality waste incineration plant with the improvement of living standards will improve the calorific value of garbage and high quality waste.In addition, the characteristics of garbage not only vary with years, even in the same year, garbage ch
21、aracteristics are also significantly different with the season.Is summer garbage has high moisture content, low calorific value, while in winter, waste water content is low, high calorific value, between spring and autumn two season between summer and winter.The waste power plant must deal with all
22、years and all season garbage, therefore, generally set the calorific value of garbage for: the design of low calorific value of garbage, garbage calorific value and lower limit of low calorific value of garbage.入炉垃圾设计热值暂定于6400kJ/kg（1530kcal/kg）。考虑到垃圾热值随季节变化比较大，为了保证焚烧炉在较宽的垃圾热值范围内都能稳定的运行，上限垃圾低位热值和下限垃圾
23、低位热值分别设定为8580kJ/kg（2050kcal/kg）和4181kJ/kg（1000kcal/kg）。The designed garbage heat value is tentatively set at 6400kJ/kg (1530kcal/kg).Considering the seasonal variation of the calorific value of garbage is relatively large, in order to ensure the calorific value of garbage incinerator in the range of
24、 wide and can be stable in operation, the upper limit and the lower limit of low calorific value of garbage garbage calorific value were set as 8580kJ/kg (2050kcal/kg) and 4181kJ/kg (1000kcal/kg).2、燃料消耗量确定Determination of fuel consumption两条焚烧线建成投产后垃圾处理量如表2-1所示。Two incineration line put into operatio
25、n after the amount of garbage disposal as shown in table 2-1.表2-1 垃圾处理量Refuse treatment Quatity小时耗量(吨/小时)日耗量(吨/天)年耗量(万吨/年)入炉垃圾量28.368024.8原生垃圾量33.380029.2注：1) 焚烧线日等效满负荷利用小时数按20h计，年等效满负荷利用小时数按7300小时计；2) 原生垃圾渗沥液析出率按15%计。Note: 1) the equivalent daily utilization hours of the incineration line are calcu
26、lated by 20h, and the annual equivalent full load utilization hours are determined by the 7300 hour meter; and (2) the leaching rate of the primary refuse leachate is determined by 15%.本期项目建成后，生活垃圾的设计日处理能力为800t，每年处理量约为24.32万吨，基本可处理全年参数垃圾量。After the completion of this project, the design of daily gar
27、bage disposal capacity of 800t, the annual processing capacity of about 243 thousand and 200 tons, the basic processing of the annual amount of garbage.三、工程项目概况Project overview1、垃圾输送途径及方式Ways and means of refuse transportation项目为城市生活垃圾焚烧发电项目，生活垃圾的运输进厂由当地相关部门承担，通过厂址区域的公路交通网将集中处理的城市生活垃圾运输至项目地。合理运距为305
28、0km。垃圾运输采用专用垃圾环保运输车辆。The project is the municipal solid waste incineration power generation project, the transportation of domestic waste into the factory is by the local relevant departments, and through the site of the road traffic network will be centralized treatment of urban domestic waste to t
29、he project. The reasonable distance is 30 50km. Special garbage environmental protection transportation vehicle for garbage transportation.2、 垃圾焚烧系统 Waste incineration system垃圾焚烧系统是垃圾焚烧厂中最为关键的系统，垃圾焚烧系统提供了垃圾燃烧的场所和空间，它的结构形式及工艺将直接影响到垃圾的燃烧状况和燃烧效果。垃圾焚烧系统的一般工艺流程如下所示。The waste incineration system is the ke
30、y system in the factory, provide the place and space to waste combustion waste incineration system, its structure and process will directly affect the status of burning garbage and burning effect.The general process flow of MSW incineration system is as follows.2.1、进料系统Feed system吊车抓斗从垃圾贮坑抓起垃圾，送入进料漏
31、斗，进料漏斗能够贮存约1个小时焚烧量的垃圾，由可更换的加厚防磨板组成，为了观察料斗和溜槽内的垃圾料位，料斗安装了摄像头和垃圾料位感应装置，并与吊车控制室内的电脑屏幕相联。给料斗和溜槽之间用密封性较好的柔性膨胀节连接，溜槽能够在不损坏料斗的情况下移出，料斗内设有垃圾搭桥的破除装置。漏斗中的垃圾沿进料斗滑槽落下，由推料器将垃圾推入炉排预热段，机械炉排在液压驱动下使垃圾依次通过燃烧段和后燃尽段。为保证单位时间进料量的稳定性，推料器采用液压驱动具有测定进料量的功能，溜槽顶部设有盖板，停机时将盖板关闭，使焚烧炉与垃圾贮坑相隔绝。Crane grab grabbed the garbage from th
32、e garbage storage pit, into the feed hopper, loading hopper can store about an hour burned, the amount of garbage, is composed of replaceable thickening of the wear plate, in order to observe the waste material level inside the hopper and chute, hopper installed cameras and junk material level senso
33、r, and is combined with crane control room of a computer screen. Hopper with good sealing between the chute and the flexible expansion joint connection, chute can without causing damage to the hopper down the hopper with junk bypass breaking device. Falling funnel of rubbish along the feed hopper ch
34、ute, the pusher into the garbage and grate preheating section, mechanical grate in the hydraulic driven by the garbage by burning and after burning in turn. In order to guarantee the stability of the feed rate of per unit time, pusher driven by hydraulic pressure has the function of the determinatio
35、n of feed chute at the top of the cover plate, when stop will cover closed, separate incinerator with waste storage pit.2.2、点火及助燃用燃料Ignition and combustion fuel点火燃烧器的作用是焚烧炉在无垃圾状态下通过燃油或燃气使炉出口温度至额定运转温度（850以上），然后才能开始向炉内投入垃圾，以防止垃圾在炉内低温状态投入造成排烟污染物超标。同样在正常停炉过程中，在炉内垃圾未完全燃尽状态下也需要点火燃烧器投入来维持炉内温度在850以上。The fun
36、ction of the ignition burner in incinerator is in the condition of no garbage by fuel oil or gas but making furnace outlet temperature up to the rated operating temperature (above 850 ), and then can put the garbage to furnace, in order to prevent the waste in the state of low temperature in the fur
37、nace exhaust pollutants exceeds bid. Also in the process of normal boiler stop, in the condition of not completely burning rubbish inside furnace also need ignition burner to keep furnace temperature above 850 .辅助燃烧器主要用于保持炉出口烟气温度在850以上，当垃圾的热值较低而无法达到850以上的燃烧温度时，根据焚烧炉内测温装置的反馈信息，辅助燃烧器将自动投入运行，喷入辅助燃料来确保焚
38、烧烟气温度达到850以上并停留至少2秒。Auxiliary burner is mainly used to keep the furnace exit flue gas temperature above 850 , low calorific value of garbage cannot reach the combustion temperature above 850 , according to the feedback information from incinerator inner temperature devices, auxiliary burner will be
39、automatically put into operation, to ensure that the auxiliary fuel injection incineration flue gas temperature is above 850 and stay at least 2 seconds.焚烧炉的点火及助燃用燃料可以用#0轻柴油或采用天然气，根据现场条件选用。采用#0轻柴油方案时，一条焚烧线年消耗量燃料量约45t，按每吨7500元计时，年燃料费用为33.75万元；采用天然气方案时，一条焚烧线年消耗天然气量约5.5万Nm3，天然气价格按3.5元/Nm3计时，年燃料费用为19.25
40、万元。从年燃料费用来看，采用天然气点火具有较好的经济性。此外，由于天然气为清洁能源，在点火阶段的尾部烟气排放基本不含粉尘，即从环保角度考虑也具有较大的优势。Incinerator with its ignition and combustion of fuel can use 0 # light diesel oil or use natural gas, according to site conditions. Using light # 0 diesel scheme, a burning line in fuel consumption quantity about 45 t, acc
41、ording to 7500 yuan per ton timing, fuel cost is RMB 337500 per year; When natural gas was used in a fire line in about 55000 Nm3 gas consumption quantity, gas prices by 3.5 RMB/Nm3 timing, fuel cost is 192500 yuan. From the point of fuel cost, using natural gas ignition has a good economy. In addit
42、ion, as for clean energy, natural gas during the ignition of tail gas emissions without dust, that is, from environmental protection point of view also has a great advantage.2.3、焚烧炉及余热锅炉Incinerator and exhaust-heat boiler2.3.1 炉排式焚烧炉Fire grate incinerator炉排式焚烧炉是历史悠久、工艺成熟的设备，已有超过五十年的应用历史，是最被广泛使用、单炉处理
43、量最大及适用性最好的城市生活垃圾焚烧炉型，且技术成熟可靠。炉排式焚烧炉的燃烧设备是机械炉排，机械炉排是完成垃圾从进料后干燥、燃烧、燃烬并排出炉渣整个燃烧过程。The grate type incinerator is a long history, craft sophisticated equipment, more than 50 years of application history, is the most widely used, maximum rate of single furnace and applicability of the best municipal solid
44、 waste incinerator, and the mature technology and reliable. The grate type incinerator combustion equipment is mechanical grate, grate is complete rubbish from feeding after drying, burning, combustion and slag state the whole combustion process.垃圾在炉排上的燃烧过程如下：垃圾由推料器推动完成进料后进入干燥段，在干燥段内，由焚烧炉内侧壁及炉拱等部位的辐
45、射热进行辐射干燥，由垃圾层下部的一次高温空气干燥，由接触垃圾层表面的高温燃烧火焰和气体来进行对流干燥；垃圾干燥后经翻转混合进入燃烧段，在燃烧段热解及气化产生的气态可燃物在空间燃烧，残碳则在料层中燃烧；料层通过旺盛燃烧区域后仍有少量可燃质会继续燃烧，燃烬段即是使炉渣中未燃烧的成分完全燃烧的区域，在燃烬段应维持适当的燃烧，不致产生结块，以顺利排出炉渣。The combustion process of garbage on the grate is as follows: the garbage from the pusher pushed into the drying section , in
46、 the dry stage, by radiation thermal incineration furnace arch medial wall and other parts of the radiation drying by the garbage layer underneath a high temperature air drying by high temperature contact layer on the surface of waste combustion flame and the gas for convective drying; drying after
47、turning into garbage mixed combustion, gaseous fuel in the combustion section of pyrolysis and gasification in space combustion, carbon residue burning in the material layer; the material layer by highly burning is still remain with a small amount of combustible matter will continue burning, burning section is made unburned components in slag unburned area, should maintain proper combustion in the burning section, without caking, to slag discharged smoothly.2.3.2 余热锅炉Exhaust-heat boiler按入炉垃圾设计热值为6400kJ/kg（1530kcal/kg），单台焚烧炉在焚烧设计入炉垃圾时的额定处理能力为25t/h，在假定焚烧炉余
