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1、,Back,Course: Stylistics and Translation,Lecturer: Liu Qian 刘 倩E-mail: zzu_lqtracy126,Back,practice,Stylistics and Translation,Various styles and their translation,Back,Stylistics and Translation,Acquire some knowledge of stylistics and translation as well as the relationship between style and trans
2、lation;Master features and characteristics of various styles; Improve the capability in translating various styles.,OBJECTIVES,Back,Course IntroductionCourse title: Stylistics and translationCourse hours: 2 per week, 36 in total Assessment: 1. Attendance; After-class preparation for related topics a
3、nd practice; In-class performance and involvement 2. Final exam,Back,Preparation (1) Notebook, exercise sheet, black pen and red pen(2) homework (punctual, clean and tidy, writing in the right place);,About the course,1.What is translation? What is stylistics?,2. stylistics and translation,Exit,3. t
4、heoretical framework,Back,翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。（张培基）,Definition of Translation,把已说出或写出的话的意思用另一种语言表达出来的活动。（季羡林、许国璋）,翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另外一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。（王克非）,Back,Definition of Translation,Translation consists in producing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of
5、the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugine. A.Nida),Translation is the expression in one language (or target language) of what have been expressed in another (source language) preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence. (Dubois. J. et al),Back,F
6、. Tytlers three laws of translation:The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.The translation should have all the ease of the original.,Translation principles,Back,严复：信
7、达雅 faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance. 傅雷：神似 spiritual conformity, Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original. 强调原作神韵再现。,Translation principles,Back,What Is Stylistics?,Language is a medium of communicating information and conveying feelings.,Considering different com
8、municative environments and purposes, communicators choose different language varieties (语言“变体”）or corresponding methods which have different language functions so as to achieve their purposes. These varieties are the “styles” .(文体),Style may be seen as the various characteristic uses of language th
9、at a person or group of persons make in various social contexts.文体又可理解为风格，既可指一个作家运用语言的特色，又可指某个时代盛行的文风；既可指某种语篇体裁的语言特征，又可指某篇作品的语言格调和表现风格。狭义的文体指文学文体；广义的文体则指包括文学文体在内的各种语言变体。,Back,英语中已经形成的各种变体，例如因交际媒介不同而形成的口语语体和书面语体；因交际者双方关系不同而形成的正式语体和非正式语体等;因语言的使用领域不同而形成的各种功能变体（新闻语体、广告语体、法律语体、旅游语体、科技语体等）。,Back,What Is S
10、tylistics?,For instance, we may classify the writings into “EST( English for Science and Technology), English for Advertising, English for Press, English for Tourism, etc.,As for “文体”, Liu Xie, a famous literary critic in ancient China, once mentioned that “若总其归涂,则数穷八体:一曰典雅,二曰远奥,三曰精约,四曰显附,五曰繁缛,六曰壮丽,
11、七曰新奇,八曰清靡。”,Back,What Is Stylistics?,In the middle 1970s, many scholars made the application of modern linguistics and literary studies to the exploring study of various styles or various types of writings, which brought us a new discipline-Stylistics.(文体学）,Simply defined, STYLISTICS is a discipline
12、 that studies the ways in which language is used; it is a discipline that studies the styles of language.,Back,stylistics covers such fields:,analyzing various habits of language use to ensure the typical characteristics of a certain style; explaining the reason that a certain style has its own char
13、acteristics; classifying these character according to their language functions.,Back,stylistics covers such fields:,As a matter of fact, different writings have different linguistic characteristics in the aspects of vocabulary, syntax, rhetoric, structure etc.,Back,Stylistics and Translation,Accordi
14、ng to linguists Buler and Jackbson, there are three functions of language: expressive function(表情功能）, informative function（信息功能）, and vocative function（呼唤功能）.,Back,Any original work has the three functions, but different writings are characterized by different functions. Newmark says, “The main func
15、tions of language are expressive (the subjective or “I” form), the descriptive or informative (the it from), and the vocative or directive or persuasive (the you form).,Back,literary work: focuses on the expressive function non-literary works: mainly center on informative function. For example:,谁跑到最
16、后,谁笑得最好。（轮胎广告）2.In Miami, its no newelty.,(a tour ads) 游了迈阿密，才知天下奇。,1.He laughs best who runs longest.,Back,Stylistics and Translation,眼前不远,渔舟三五,凝滞不前,樯影映在水上,仿佛睡去,偶尔微见颤动,似又未尝熟睡,恍若惊梦。,3.Some fishing boats were becalmed just in front of us. Their shadows slept, or almost slept, upon the water, a gentle
17、 quivering alone showing that was not complete sleep or if sleep, that was sleep with dream.,Back,Stylistics and Translation,4. Portia: And you must cut this flesh from off his breast. The law allows it, and the court awards it.Shylock: Most learned judge! A sentence! Come, prepare!鲍西娅:你必须从他的胸前割下这磅肉
18、来;法律许可你,法庭判给你。夏洛克：博学多才的法官！判得好！来，预备！,Back,Why can Stylistics be applied to translation study?,It lies in that both of them have the same aim, that is, how to fulfill social communication with effective linguistic methods. They both put emphasis on the social standard of communicative function; they d
19、ont ignore the timeliness and individuality of writing style as well.,In the process of translation, it is necessary for translator to deal with his translation carefully in order to make the translation accord with the source text in the aspect of style.,Back,Stylistics and Translation,There are ma
20、ny types of writings in both English and Chinese. English writings can be classified into such types:1.English for Press 2.Practical English Writings (Letters, telex, notice, contract, instruction, etc.)3.English for Advertising 4.English for Tourism5. EST (English for Science and Technology)6.Engli
21、sh for Literary Works,Back,Stylistics and Translation,李龙植的文体学与语言实践：“文体就是在特定的交际领域,通过有目的地选择所产生的表现手段和表达方式的总体。它是在历史上形成的，同时被整个社会所接受的完整体系。文学文体（诗歌、小说、散文、戏剧）应用文体 （公文、法律、经济、条据、启事等）,Back,Stylistics and Translation,Literature Translation,Novel TranslationPoetry TranslationEssay TranslationDrama TranslationProv
22、erb Translation,Practical Translation,Tourism translation,Advertisement translation,EST (English for Science and Technology),News translationContract translation,Menu translation,Back,Theoretical framework:Functional equivalence (Eugine.A .Nida)Skopos theory (Hans. J. Vermeer),Back,“The receptors of
23、 the translated text could respond to it with comprehension and appreciation in essentially the same manner and to the same degree as the original receptors of the message”;“Translation should arouse the same feeling in its receptors as the feeling of the readers of the original”- Nida,Back,“Skopos
24、is a Greek word for purpose. According to skopostheorie (the theory that applies the notion of skopos to translation), the prime principle determining any translation process is the purpose (skopos) of the overall translational action.”,Back,目的论(skopos theorie)是德国功能翻译理论中的核心理论。Skopos 是希腊语，其意思是目的、意图、目
25、标、功能。弗美尔（Hans J. Vermeer）在20世纪70年代把这一术语引入了翻译理论，指翻译的目的。翻译的目的可分为三种：译者的目的（如赚钱）、译文在译语文化中的交际目的（如传递信息）以及使用某种翻译策略所要达到的目的（如直译以显示源语的语言结构特点）。目的论中的目的主要是指译文的交际目的。目的论认为，翻译行为所要达到的目的决定整个翻译过程，即结果决定方法（参见仲伟合、钟钰，2019：47）。,Back,弗美尔的“目的论”包括三条法则，即目的法则(skopos rule)、连贯法则(coherence rule or intra-textual coherence)和忠实法则(fide
26、lity rule or inter-textual coherence)。目的法则(skopos rule)指的是翻译应能在译语环境和文化中，按译语接受者期待的方式发生作用。连贯法则(coherence rule or intra-textual coherence)是指译文具有可读性和可接受性，达到语内连贯，与译语接受者的交际情境连贯一致，让译语接受者理解。,Back,忠实法则(fidelity rule or inter-textual coherence)是指译文和原文的连贯性，实现语际连贯，相当于其他翻译理论所谓的忠实于原文，不过与原文忠实的程度和形式取决于翻译的目的。这三条法则的关
27、系是：忠实法则服从于连贯法则，而这二者都服从于目的法则。,Back,Recommended Books:1 陈小慰.新编实用翻译教程（增订版）.北京：经济科学出版社，2019年.2 刘宓庆.文体与翻译（第二版）.北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2019年. 3 冯庆华.实用翻译教程.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2019年.4 刘宏杰.英语应用文文体分析.北京：知识产权出版社，2019年.,Back,Recommended Books:5 董莉.英语文体学理论与实践.北京：电子工业出版社，2019年.6 顾维勇.实用文体翻译.北京：国防工业出版社，2019年.7 陈新.英汉文体翻译教程.北京：北京大学
28、出版社，2019年. 8 张光明.英语实用文体翻译.合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，2009年.,Recommended websites books,1. 译言网 yeeyan人气最高的协作翻译平台，你可以在上面阅读翻译好的文章，有译文和原文对照便于学习，你也可以参与翻译锻炼能力。2. 知网翻译助手 dictki这个网站的专业术语翻译功能非常强大，一般查不到的专业词汇基本爱上都可以再这里找到答案，就是没有的还有相关信息供你参考，极大提高你翻译专业文献 的能力,3. Proz国际翻译平台 proz这个是访问量巨大的国际性翻译人社区，你要是水平高的可以在上面接国外的翻译做赚外汇，也可以在上面学习提
29、高翻译能力。4. 译网情深 translators翻译界比较有名的翻译人才和资讯网站，可以在上面了解翻译行业和查看翻译招聘信息。,5. 沪江外语 hjbbs/沪江英语论坛有海量的外语学习资料，可以到这里看看是否有你要学习的内容6. China Daily chinadaily/中国日报的网络版，相信很多外语学习者对这份报纸都非常熟悉，现在网络版阅读的也非常方便了，而且电脑上众多翻译工具会让你很方便理解文章意思。,7. whitehouse.gov/美国白宫网8. thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/ 泰晤士9. 谷歌翻译 google/language_tools?hl=zh-CNGoogle搜索引擎上的翻译工具，这个应该是目前最好的整段文字翻译工具，比较接近正确译文，不过也是有很多问题的还远不能取代人工翻译，其对有些 专业词汇的翻译也非常准，可以利用其查询。,谢谢,
