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1、Chapter One,Geography, People and Language,Contents,I Geography,1. Geographical Feature2. Climate3. Major Cities,Map of the UK,Read the map to find:Atlantic Ocean North SeaIrish Sea The English Channel (The Channel Tunnel )The Republic of Ireland,Geography,The official title of the UK the United Kin
2、gdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe UK is made up of:Great Britain (the formerly separate England and Scotland, and Wales. ) Northern IrelandNumerous smaller islands,Title and Make up of the UK,Location and territory,Location of the UK: The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49N and 61N
3、andlongitudes 8W to 2ETotal territory: 242,910 square kilometersInteresting Fact: No one in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea.,Topography,Northern Ireland: Its mostly hilly.,Wales: Its mostly mountainous. South Wales is less mountainous than North and Mid Wales.,Scotland: Its geo
4、graphy is varied, with lowlands in the south and east and highlands in the north and west.,England: it consists of lowland terrain, with some mountainous terrain in the north-west, north and south-west.,Ben Nevis in Scotland the highest point in UK,Rivers and Lakes,The longest river: Severn River (3
5、54 kilometers long) The second longest river: Thames (332 kilometers long) The largest Lake: Lough Neagh,Thames,Lake District,Lake poets,I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud -William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of gold
6、en daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.,Lake poets,The waves
7、 beside them danced; but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bli
8、ss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.,2. Climate,Main characteristics: Temperate, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfallThree major features: Winter fog Rainy daysInstability/changeability,3. Major Cities London,The River Thames,the capital
9、of England and of Great Britain the political center of the Commonwealth a major port one of the worlds leading banking and financial centers.,Landmarks & Symbols of London,The palace of Westminster,Landmarks & Symbols of London,Westminster Abbey,Big Ben,Landmarks & Symbols of London,St. Pauls Cathe
10、dral,Landmarks & Symbols of London,Hyde Park,Tower of London,Landmarks & Symbols of London,Tower Bridge,Buckingham Palace,Landmarks & Symbols of London,London Eye,Major CitiesEdinburgh,Capital of Scotlandadministrative, financial, legal, medical and insurance center of Scotlandbeautiful scenery reno
11、wned architecture,Landmarks & Symbols of Edinburgh,Edinburgh Castle,Palace of Holyrood,Major CitiesCardiff,Europes youngest capital cityhas been the capital city of Wales for around 50 yearshome to an enormous amount of urban regeneration and restoration has recently become one of the most fashionab
12、le cities in the United Kingdom.,Landmarks & Symbols of Cardiff,Cardiff City Hall,Landmarks & Symbols of Cardiff,Millennium Stadium,Cardiff Castle,Major CitiesBelfast,City Hall,the second largest city capital of Northern Ireland an important historic city,Landmarks & Symbols of Belfast,Belfast Castl
13、e,II People,Overall population: over 60 millionsDistribution:England: about 50 millionScotland:over 5 millionWales: around 3 millionNorthern Ireland: about 1.7million,Ethnicity,The majority of this population are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendents of th
14、e Celtic people The Irish people were also Celtic in originimmigrants,Percentage of total UK Population,Ethinc Groups of totalWhite British 85.7%White Irish 1.2%White (other) 5.3%Mixed race 1.2%Indian 1.8%Pakistani 1.3%Bengali 0.5%Other Asian (non-Chinese) 0.4%Black Caribbean 1.0%Black African 0.8%
15、Black (others) 0.2%Chinese 0.4%Other 0.4%,III The English Language,1. Old English2. Middle English3. Modern English 4. Standard English,1. Old English (5th 11th),Language of Angle-SaxonsInfluenced byOld NorseLatin and Greek words Danish words,Beowulf,The most famous work from the OldEnglish period i
16、s the epic poem ”Beowulf”(approximately AD 900)Hwt! We Gar-Dena in geardagum,eodcyninga, rym gefrunon,hu a elingas ellen fremedon.Oft Scyld Scefing sceaena reatum,2. Middle English (11th 15th ),Status French replaced English as the official language, and English became the Language of lower class bi
17、g pork sheep mutton cattle beefDevelopment English increased in importance after the Black Death,The Canterbury Tales,written by Geofery Chaucer, 14 the centuryWhan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote And bathed every veyne in swich licour, Of which vert
18、u engendred is the flour;,Geoffrey Chaucer,3. Modern English (15th ),The printing pressbrought standardization of EnglishSamuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a standard form of spellingRenaissanceassimilated foreign words throughout the Renaissance The Industrial Revolutionnecessitated the introduc
19、tion of new words for new things and ideasThe rise of the British Empire or the Commonwealth of Nationsled to the assimilation of words from many other languages,Othello,by William Shakespeare 1603La: Tho in the trade of warre, I haue flaine men, Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience. To doe no
20、 contriud murrher; I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice: nine or ten times, I had thought to haue ierkd him here, Vnder the ribbes. Oth.: Tis better as it is. Which can be translated as:La: Though in the trade of war I have slain man, Yet do I hold it very stuff o the conscience. To do no contr
21、ived murder: I lack iniquity Sometimes to do me service: nine or tem times I had thought to have yerkd him here under the ribs. Othello: Tis better as it is.,Shakespeare,4. Standard English,based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern Englandadopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media also called as Queens English or BBC English based on the London dialectbecoming a universal Lingua Francathe world language,Thank You !,
