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1、.,大学英语六级英语阅读专项辅导,20170524张淑琳,.,.,选词填空,选词填空又称15选10。试题文章长约200到250个单词，10个空格，备选词汇共15个，每个空格只准选用一个单词，每个词不能重复使用。备选词汇是名词，动词，形容词和副词，虚词不在考核范围内。,.,解题三步法,1. 预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词adj，副词adv，做词性标记； 2. 精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，瞻前顾后，判断词性； 3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，语义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。,.,一些经常考察的形式如下：,（1）名词：通
2、常来说，冠词(如a，an，the)、形容词、介词后面搭配名词，即“a/an/the/adj./prep. + n。”，,a. 名词主要做主语、宾语。 b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词 例：The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe _49_ thunderstorms.（49可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms） c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词 d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语 e. 介词后面必有名词,.,形容词： 当出现“a/the/the most/mor
3、e +_+名词”的结构时，横线处通常填形容词。 副词：副词常常修饰形容词或动词 1. 当一句话完整的时候，句尾的空往往是副词。 2. 当一句话出现“主语 + _ + 谓语”的情况时，横线处通常填副词。,动词：动词的考点很多，我们来看其中三种： a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）。 b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词 c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。,.,信息匹配题,考题特点：文章长度约为1200词，十五个段落，文后有十道题，每句所含信息出自文章的某个段落，个别段落可能对应两题，也有段落不对应任何一题文中至少有五段是多余段落。题目绝对乱序、常现同义转述
4、、多是细节内容等,.,方法：1.浏览题目，划关键词先看题后看文章的策略。在浏览题目时，要注意划出句中的关键词，通过快速阅读题干中的若干条细节信息，迅速了解文章主旨大意，从而能在后面阅读文章时加快速度，节省定位时间。,2.回到原文，先做较易题长篇阅读文章一般是说明文或议论文，这类文章都有严密的逻辑性，题干提供的信息表述中通常会出现一些指示性词语，帮助考生缩小定位范围，从而快速判定其所在细节信息对应的原文段落。一些题目中会有数字、时间、特殊字体（如大写字母、斜体等）等有明显特征的定位词，这些题目较容易，考生只要在文中找出含有相应明显特征的段落，即可迅速匹配，选出正确答案。,.,3.关注同义转述，逐
5、一匹配十道题目中约有60%的题目是没有明显特征关键词的，这类题目往往考查考生对同义转述的敏感度，通常同义转述的途径有改变词性、使用近反义词、变换句式等，考生可以根据关键词，在段落中寻找相应的同义转述对应点，完成所有题目。,总之，做六级信息匹配题的关键在于划关键词和找对应点，无论是原词重现还是同义转述，只要快速、细心匹配好对应点，就可以在该题型上拿到高分。,.,仔细阅读题,1.在阅读过程中准确在文中标记出需要查找的内容的具体位置。2.在阅读完若干题之后能迅速在文中根据记忆或阅读时的标记找出相关内容。3.四选一阅读的文章一般以议论文为主，文章脉络清晰、整体框架明确。而且，议论性文章并不一定要全部读
6、懂，4-5个问题不可能覆盖文章的每一个细节、每一句话。因此，在六级考试的解题过程中，通常采用以下的解题技巧：,.,1.浏览题目，推测全文主题,阅读理解的五道题目之间通常会有隐含的逻辑关系，所以通过第一遍的初步浏览，有助于把握文章的主题，作出简单的设想和推测。,六级的四选一阅读主要考查主旨题、细节题、词义题、推论题和态度题等题型，重点考查细节题。,跳读的目的是要整体把握一下文章脉络，找到每个题目的关键词，从而可以确定每道题目答案的所在位置。答案在文中一般情况下都是按从上到下的顺序出现。,.2. 判断题型，确定题干关键词,3.跳读文章，寻找关键词,解题步骤,.,主旨题,SubjectMatter(
7、SM)是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是贯穿全文的核心。 针对SM问题，理解文章主旨大意，应注意以下几点：（1）浏览全文，判断话题，找高频词。（2）选项内容全面，含义深刻或说明道理多为答案；选项内容片面单多为干扰。（3）注意文章首尾或段落首尾。,.,这类题常见的命题方式有：1.Whatisthemainidea(subject)ofthispassage?2. Whatdoesthispassagemainly(primarily) concerned?3. Themainthemeofthispassageis_.4. Themainpointofthepassageis_.5. Which
8、ofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?6. Thetitlethatbestexpressesthethemeofthepassageis_.7.Onwhichofthefollowingsubjectwouldthepassagemostlikelybefoundinatextbook?8. Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassage_.9. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?,.,So what you need to know is t
9、hat theres no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We arent suffering from a shortage of needed skills; were suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isnt a real problem, its an excusea reason not to act on Americas problems at a time when action is desperatel
10、y needed. (2016年6月第1套)55. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage? A: To testify to the experts analysis of Americas problems. B: To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment. C: To show the urgent need for the government to take action. D: To alert American workers to the
11、urgency for adaptation.,.,.,细节题,细节性问题是关于SupportingDetails类的问题。这类题目常以“WH-”形式来提问，如who, what,when,where,why, how等形式。此类考题的命题特点：“题文同序续”，答题要领为“快速定位”；正确选项都是对原文所述内容的改写，改写方法有：1.简化语言2.反话正说或正话反说3.替换关键词,.,细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：(1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?(2)Whichofthefollowing
12、ismentionedinthepassage?(3)WhatistheexampleofXXX asdescribedinthepassage?(4)TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingexceptXXX(5)ThereasonforXXXis(6)Theauthorstatesthat XXX(7)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).,.,Dr.Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of chan
13、ging the worlds energy future. Its a dramatic endorsement（支持，认可） for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark. But Sadoway isnt alone in trumpeting energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner, more efficient, and more equitable energy future.（2016年12月第2套）46. What d
14、oes Dr.Sadoway think of energy storage? A: It involves the application of sophisticated technology. B: It is the direction energy development should follow. C: It will prove to be a profitable business. D: It is a technology benefiting everyone.,.,.,词义题,词义理解类其实也是就细节进行提问，题目往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出最合适的
15、释义。解答这类题目可以运用以下5种方法：1) 推敲上下文，对本词词义引申；2）运用同义关系，反义关系确定答案；3）运用对词的解释和举例；4）运用构词法知识猜测词义。,.,这类题目的常见提问方式有：(1)Accordingtotheauthor,theword“XXX”means_.(2)Whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto“XXX”?(3)Theterm“XXX”inparagraph XXX canbebestreplacedby_(4)Whatsthemeaningof“XXX”inlineXXX ofparagraph XXX?(5)Asused
16、inthelineXXX,theword“XXX”refersto_.,.,Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon(霓虹灯)sign.Their risky behaviorsdrinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping schoolcan alert parents and teachers that serious problems ar
17、e brewing.（2016年12月第1套）51. What does the author mean by saying Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon sign(Lines 1 -2, Para.1)? A: Mental problems can now be found in large numbers of teenagers. B: Teenagers mental problems are getting more and mor
18、e attention. C: Teenagers mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed. D: Depression and anxiety are the most common symptoms of mental problems.,.,.,推断题,答题要领：对文中信息做同义转述或综合归纳的即为正确答案答题技巧：（1）找到原文信息（2）忠实于原文（3）不选表层信息不选：（1）背离原文 （2）叙述不当，表述片面（3）主观臆想（4）偷换主语,.,推断题的常用提问方式(1)Thewriterimpliesbu
19、tnotdirectlystatesthat_.(2)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_.(3)Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat_.(5)Thepassageisintendedto_.(6)Thewriterindicatesthat_.(7)Thefactismentionedbytheauthortoshow_.(8)Theauthorachieveshispurposebydependingmainlyupon_.(9)Thewritertalksaboutinorderto_.(10)Indiscussing,theauth
20、or_.(11)Theauthorsstatementaboutisafor,.,Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you dont learn anything.Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift thei
21、r focus away from where someone went to universityand there is no sign of that happening anytime soon.School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it. （2016年12月第3套）55. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A: It is natural f
22、or students to make complaints about university education. B: Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university. C: University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it. D: The prestige of the university influences employers recruitment decisions.,.,.,态度
23、题,通常，阅读的最后一题会提问作者对文章中某一问题的态度（Attitude）、全文的基调(Tone)、文章的出处（Source）及对文章前后接续内容的判断等。关于态度或基调类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手，一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral)；而在议论文中，作者的观点才会显得多种多样，常见的选项有：（1）positive（积极的） （2）negative（消极的）（3）neutral（中立的） （4）approval（赞成的）（5）disapproval（不赞成的）（6）indifferent（漠不关心的）（7）sarcastic（讽刺的） （8）
24、critical（批评的）（9）optimistic（乐观的） （10）pessimistic（悲观的）,.,常用的几种态度题提问方式：(1)Whatsthewritersattitudeto.? (2)Whatsthetoneofthepassage?(3)Theauthorsviewis_.(4)Thewritersattitudeofthispassageisapparently_.(5)Theauthorsuggeststhat_.(6)Accordingtoauthor_.,.,Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to un
25、iversity doesnt work out, students pay very littleif anyof their tuition fees back: you only start repaying when you are earning 21,000 a year. Almost half of graduatesthose who go on to earn lesswill have a portion of their debt written off. Its not just the lectures and tutorials that are importan
26、t.Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars.Students do not merely benefit while at university: studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.（2016年12月第3套）51. What is the authors opinion of going to university? A: It is worthwhile after all. B: It is simply a waste of time. C: It is hard to say whether it is good or bad. D: It is too expensive for most young people.,.,.,经验总结：,做六级阅读题一定要快，不要纠结于某句话的意思大部分英语考试都是你快速抓取有用信息的能力，大家一定要“快准狠”地揪出关键词切记：这不是翻译比赛，只是一场考试。,.,Thanks for your listening,
