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1、第二部分 语法考点突破,第十二讲构词法,英语构词法主要有派生法(即词根加前缀或后缀构成的新词)、合成法和转化法三种。一、形容词加-ly变为副词的规律1一般情况加-ly。如：realreally/carefulcarefully/politepolitely/quickquickly。2“辅音字母y”结尾的，将y改为-ily。如：angryangrily/busybusily/heavyheavily。3以-ble结尾的，将ble改为-bly。如：probableprobably/possiblepossibly。,4个别单词，去掉e再加-ly。如：gentlegently/truetruly5
2、以-ic结尾的，加-ally。如：basicbasically/energeticenergetically注意有的名词ly形容词，如：friendfriendly/daydaily,二、动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀,acceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable舒适的fashionfashionable时髦的suitsuitable合适的reasonreasonable有道理的,musicmusical音乐的originoriginal最初的personpersonal个人的；私人的centercentral中央的；中心的naturenatural自然的；天生的
3、,doubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful健忘的harmharmful有害的hopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的,scarescared感到恐惧的confuseconfused感到困惑的underlineunderlined下划线的,surprisesurprising令人惊异的convinceconvincing令人信服的satisfysatisfying令人满意的,accessaccessible容易取得的horrorhorrible可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible可怕的,actactive积极的；活跃的effecteffectiv
4、e有效的；生效的attractattractive有吸引力的impressimpressive给人深刻印象的,continuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious忧虑的cautioncautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious好奇的humorhumorous幽默的,tiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的,tastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy健康的wealthwealthy富裕的；丰富的,easteastern东方的；向东的,childchildish孩子气的foolfoolish愚蠢的
5、；可笑的selfselfish自私的,sciencescientific科学的economyeconomic经济的historyhistoric历史上著名的,imagineimaginary想象中的,三、动词变名词的后缀,approveapproval赞成；批准arrivearrival到来；到达survivesurvival幸存proposeproposal提议；建议,appearappearance出现；外貌guideguidance指引；指导performperformance表演；节目existexistence存在；生存preferpreference偏爱referreference
6、参考；查阅,attractattraction吸引inviteinvitation邀请；请柬graduategraduation毕业expectexpectation期待；期望competecompetition比赛；竞争explainexplanation解释,discussdiscussion讨论；辩论decidedecision决定admitadmission接纳；准许入学,hearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning开始,achieveachievement功绩；成就argueargument辩论；论据treattreatment对待；治疗,failfailure失败；
7、没做到presspressure压力mixmixture混合；混合物departdeparture离开；出发,recoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery发现,choosechoice选择varyvariety多样化；种类tendtendency趋向；趋势,四、形容词变名词的后缀,shortshortage不足；短缺,efficientefficiency效率；功效fluentfluency流利；流畅accurateaccuracy准确性privateprivacy隐私；私密,freefreedom自由；自主wisewisdom明智；智慧,differentdif
8、ference差异silentsilence沉默,weakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness粗心大意,growgrowth成长；发展strongstrength力气；强项warmwarmth温暖；热情,difficultdifficulty困难cruelcruelty残酷；残暴safesafety安全disabledisability无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility责任,五、表示“人”的后缀,teachteacher老师villagevillager村民strangestranger陌生人,lieli
9、ar说谎者,employemployee受雇者；雇员interviewinterviewee被面试者traintrainee受训练的人；学员,inventinventor发明家actactor男演员educateeducator教育家；教师,actactress女演员godgoddess女神hosthostess女主人；女主持人,ChinaChinese中国人JapanJapanese日本人,AmericaAmerican美国人AustraliaAustralian澳洲人,musicmusician音乐家historyhistorian历史学家politicspolitician政治家；政客,
10、novelnovelist小说家specialspecialist专家tourtourist旅行者；观光者,serveservant仆人participateparticipant参加者assistassistant助手；图书管理员,六、表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀,agreedisagree不同意advantagedisadvantage缺点,dis-,il-,legalillegal不合法的logicalillogical不合逻辑的,im-,oliteimpolite无礼的patientimpatient不耐烦的,in-,formalinformal非正式的convenientincon
11、venient不方便的,ir-,regularirregular不规则的responsibleirresponsible不负责任的,mis-,leadmislead误导understandmisunderstand误解,non-,non-smoker不吸烟者non-stop直达的,un-,usualunusual不寻常的willingunwilling不愿意的,-less,hopehopeless绝望的endendless没完没了的,七、变动词的前缀和后缀,en-,ableenable使能够largeenlarge扩大richenrich使充实,-en,broadbroaden(使)变宽rip
12、eripen(使)成熟sharpsharpen使尖锐widewiden加宽,-ify,classclassify把分类justjustify证明正确simplesimplify简化,-ize,apologyapologize道歉emphasisemphasize强调,八、其他前缀的意义,interaction互动international国际的,overweight超重的overcrowded过于拥挤的,extraordinary非凡的,rewrite重写；改写reuse再使用,ex-president前任总统ex-husband前夫,e-mail电子邮件e-book电子书,byproduct
13、副产品,kilometer公里,centimeter厘米,co-exist共存cooperate合作,re-reading阅读前prehistory史前的,transform(使)改变；使改观,midnight午夜,supernatural超自然的,outnumber在数量上超过,vice-chairman副主席,subtropical亚热带,multicolored多色的,semi-final半决赛,automatic自动的,microscope显微镜micro-wave oven微波炉,九、合成法两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方法称为合成法。,名词名词,newspaper报纸team
14、work协作classroom教室,形容词名词,blackboard黑板highway公路,副词名词,overcoat大衣underground地铁outbreaks爆发,名词介词短语,father-in-law岳父brother-in-law姐夫,副词动词,update更新overlook忽视,名词动词,sun-bathe日光浴proof-read校对,名词形容词,color-blind色盲的,副词形容词,over-sensitive过敏的,名词分词,hand-made手工制作的updated最新的,形容词名词,good-looking好看的,副词分词,well-meant好意的outsta
15、nding出色的,形容词名词,gentleman绅士greengrocer水果商,形容词名词-ed,ill-mannered不礼貌的short-tempered易怒的,数词名词-ed,two-faced两面派的one-sided片面的,名词名词-ed,iron-willed有钢铁般意志的,名词名词,sideways向旁边,名词副词,headfirst头朝下,形容词名词,meanwhile同时,介词名词,beforehand事先,不定代词,nobody,everything,anyone,十、转化法转化法：不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。,lookhave a look看一看surveymake a survey调查walktake a walk散步,button nv.扣钮扣book nv.预订seat nv.容纳back nv.支持,slow adj.v.减慢narrow adj.v.缩小warm adj.v.加热,本部分内容讲解结束,按ESC键退出全屏播放,
