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1、A,1,Logic Analysis,A,2,Listening in Interpretation,The message , which the interpreter receives from the discourse, is the spoken language. So the first step towards comprehension is listening.Both consecutive and simultaneous interpretation require not ordinary listening but concentrated listening,
2、 or active listening, which means you avoid all the distractions, concentrating on the job at hands.First of all , you must want to listen. Second, you must learn how to remain alert, sit in a comfortable upright position, rather than sprawling. Third, put yourself in the place of the speaker and fo
3、llow his or her chain of thoughts.,A,3,Theory and skills:,口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析。纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点（具体的信息内容）、线（各点之间的联系）和面（即整体概念）进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。,A,4,Theory and skills:,逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和之
4、前介绍的概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。就这样将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。,A,5,Location,Composition,Geography,Climate,Society & Culture,Task A: Introduction to UK(Comprehension & Recon
5、struction),A,6,Theory and skills:,横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，如：概括（generalization）、分类（classification）、因果（cause-effect）、对比对照（compare & contrast）、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列（sequencing）、列举（simple listing）、提出问题-解决问题（problem-solution）等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sum up, in summary, in con
6、clusion, in brief, in short, on the whole等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly，compared to等；表示对照的有：on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differe
7、ntly等；表示因果的则有：so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to等等。,A,7,Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton on Supporting Womens Entrepreneurship,Step1: LogicThe big challenge. is how to.To achieve. we need to.And that . is women. Millions of women are . or they are .We will adopt a declar
8、ation to.There is no doubt that . If we really want to achieve. we must.We commit to .that are the source of.because.,A,8,Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton on Supporting Womens Entrepreneurship,Step2: DetailNote-taking(30%)Short-memory(70%),A,9,Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton on Su
9、pporting Womens Entrepreneurship,The big challenge we face in these early years of the 21st century, is how to grow our economies and ensure shared prosperity to all nations and all people. To achieve the economic expansion that we all seek, we need to unlock a vital source of growth that can power
10、our economies in the decades to come. And that vital source is women. Millions of women are still sidelined, or they are confronted with a glass ceiling that keeps them from the most senior positions. We will adopt a declaration to improving womens access to capital and markets and to supporting the
11、 rise of women leaders in both the public and private sectors. There is no doubt that the increasing numbers of women in the economy has helped fueled significant growth everywhere. If we really want to achieve parity for women in the work force, we must begin with sound economic policies that expli
12、citly address the unique challenges that limit women.We commit to giving women access to capital so women entrepreneurs can turn their ideas into the small and medium enterprises that are the source of so much growth and job creation, because a rising tide of women in an economy raises the fortunes
13、of families and nations.,A,10,2010年克林顿妇女节致辞开场白,Step1: LogicMarch 8tha day to., and to.This year marks . Fifteen years ago.I attended . in BeijingThe message from that conference.a Platform for Action . to increase.and to protect . We have . but .,A,11,2010年克林顿妇女节致辞开场白,March 8th is International Wome
14、ns Daya day to reflect on the progress the world has made in advancing womens rights, and to recognize what work remains to be done.This year marks an anniversary very close to my heart. Fifteen years ago, along with women and men from around the world I attended the United Nations Fourth World Conf
15、erence on Women in Beijing. The message from that conference rang loudly and clearly, and still echoes across cultures and continents: Human rights are womens rights, and womens rights are human rights.One hundred and eighty-nine countries represented at Beijing adopted a Platform for Action that pl
16、edged to increase womens access to education, healthcare, jobs, and credit, and to protect their right to live free from violence. We have made great progress, but there is a long way to go.,A,12,2011年美国总统奥巴马谈教育的重要性,Step1: LogicThrough education, you can. You learn how to . how to . I remember . ask
17、 our teachers, “Why .algebra?” Well, you may not have to . But you will need to . Youll need to. Youll need to. So. Education also teaches you .that .rewards come not from . but from. and from. This is a lesson thats .in a culture that ., that . that . reality show.But thats not .And finally. you ca
18、n learn how to. For when you . it helps you . The success . will. but the success . will .,A,13,2011年美国总统奥巴马谈教育的重要性,Through education, you can also better yourselves in other ways. You learn how to learn how to think critically and find solutions to unexpected challenges. I remember we used to ask o
19、ur teachers, “Why am I going to need algebra?” Well, you may not have to solve for X to get a good job or to be a good parent. But you will need to think through tough problems. Youll need to think on your feet. Youll need to know how to gather facts and evaluate information. So, math teachers, you
20、can tell your students that the president says they need algebra. Education also teaches you the value of discipline that the greatest rewards come not from instant gratification but from sustained effort and from hard work. This is a lesson thats especially true today, in a culture that prizes flas
21、h over substance, that tells us that the goal in life is to be entertained, that says you can be famous just for being famous. You get on a reality show dont know what youve done suddenly youre famous. But thats not going to lead to lasting, sustained achievement. And finally, with the right educati
22、on, both at home and at school, you can learn how to be a better human being. For when you read a great story or you learn about an important moment in history, it helps you imagine what it would be like to walk in somebody elses shoes, to know their struggles. The success of our economy will depend
23、 on your skills, but the success of our community will depend on your ability to follow the Golden Rule to treat others as you would like to be treated.,A,14,2008年温总理联大发言谈汶川地震,今天，对于中国来说，是不平凡的一年。我们经历了两件大事：第一件事是汶川特大地震灾害造成了巨大的生命财产损失。中国人民在灾难面前表现了坚强、勇敢、团结和不屈不挠的精神。目前，受灾群众得到妥善安置，恢复重建工作正在有条不紊地展开。,A,15,2008年
24、温总理联大发言谈汶川地震,For China, this has been a special year. We experienced two major events. One was the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, which causes grave losses of life and property. In the face of the disaster, the Chinese people showed great strength, courage, solidarity and resilience. By now, th
25、e people affected by the earthquake have been properly relocated and recovery and reconstruction work is well underway.,A,16,2009年国庆胡主席开场讲话,全国同胞们，同志们，朋友们：今天，我们隆重集会，庆祝中华人民共和国成立60周年。在这个喜庆而又庄严的时刻，全国各族人民都为伟大祖国的发展进步感到无比自豪，都对实现中华民族伟大复兴的光明前景充满信心。在这里，我代表党中央、全国人大、国务院，向全国各族人民和海内外爱国同胞，致以热烈的祝贺！向关心和支持中国发展的各国朋友，表
26、示衷心的感谢！,A,17,2009年国庆胡主席开场讲话,Fellow countrymen, comrades and friends,Today, we hold a grand celebration to mark the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Peoples Republic of China. At this cheerful and solemn moment, people from all over the countrys ethnic groups are extremely proud of our great n
27、ations development and progress and are confident of the Chinese nations bright prospect on the road to revival.On behalf of the CPC Central Committee, the National Peoples Congress, and the State Council, I send warm congratulations to people from all ethnic groups in the country and patriotic comp
28、atriots from home and abroad, and express heartfelt thanks to the friends from other countries who care about and support Chinas development.,A,18,PracticeWhy are girls not as good at math and science?,Girls dont do as well at math and science as boys. There are several reasons for this. The first a
29、nd most important reason is that they arent encouraged to play with toys that build up interest in math and science problems and that build skills for problem solving or understanding how things work. Girls are encouraged to play with toys that foster language and human relations skills. As a result
30、, they can grow up not knowing how an engine works or how to build a model from directions. Second, studies have shown that teachers dont expect girls to be good at math. Even female math and science teachers pay more attention to boys in class and call on boys more often. Because teachers dont expe
31、ct girls to excel, they dont try very hard, and soon girls are far behind boys in these studies. Finally, girls dont have many role models to look up to. Not very many math and science teachers are women, especially in the later grades. When the media picture mathematicians and scientists, they usua
32、lly picture men. As a result, girls arent inspired to choose these fields as careers. In summary, several factors work together in the home, in schools, and in society at large to send a subtle message to girls. Girls almost always get the message; as a result, few girls excel at math and science.,A
33、,19,有偿搭车,“上班族”借助网络发帖联络搭乘“顺风车”，这种出行方式最近在北京、上海、深圳等一些大中型城市开始流行起来。一些网站还专门设立了相关的栏目，北京出现了全国第一家顺风车专业门户网站，有需求者只要将自己的出发地和目的地发布上网，就会很容易获得理想的搭乘机会。除此之外，也有一些搭乘者是通过朋友介绍认识的。与国外一些国家搭顺风车现象有所不同的是，按事先约定，国内的一些搭乘者会以现金或实物的形式给车主一定的补偿，而一些车主也将省钱和挣钱作为提供便利的目的之一。面对越来越多的汽车污染以及日渐严重的交通压力，“顺风车”的出现无疑是件好事。但随之而来的“有偿搭车”现象却引起了各方的不同看法。对此持赞同意见的人认为应该提倡这种做法，因为它既方便了乘车人，也减轻了车主的经济负担，同时还能缓解城市交通压力；反对的人则认为私家车收费搭乘他人，严格意义上属于非法营运，由于它没有办理任何证件，干扰了正常的客运市场。政府应加以严格管理；一些保险公司相关人士还认为，一旦发生事故，保险公司有权拒赔，理由是营运车风险比较大，同类型汽车的保险费收费标准，营运车辆要高于私家车。,
