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1、定语从句,需要掌握知识：1.定义2.关系词的分类及用法3.that 和which用法比较4.特殊定语从句,Attributive Clause（定语从句）一：概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.,定语从句,先行词,引导词,引导词,关系代词 :whowhomthatwhichwhose,关系副词:wherewhenwhy,二：引导词通常有三个作用：1.引导定语从句；2.指代先行词；3.在定语从句中充当句子成分。The book that you ref
2、erred to is mine.,1. The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.2. The skirt _(_ Mary bought two years ago is old.3. Is this the novel _ you introduced to me?4. Where is the boy _ broke the window?5. Luckily none of the people_I know were killed in the earthquake.,who/that,which/that),(that
3、/which),who/that,(that/whom),注意： 1 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要 充当句子成分。 2 当关系代词充当动词和介词的宾语时可省略，但如果介词提前的话，不可以用that,而且不可以省略。 3 定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致注意：one of +名词的复数the only/the just/the very+one of+名词复数。 4 定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。 5 非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略。,关系代词的功能：Who 指人做主语Whom 指人作宾语That 指人也指物，做主语也做宾语Which 指物，做主语也做宾语Whose 指人也
4、指物，做定语，强调所属 关系When 指时间，做时间状语Where 指地点，做地点状语Why 指原因，做原因状语,例 1. The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.,that/who,指人: that/who (主语),那个站在树底下的女生是我同桌。那个曾经伤了我的自尊的男生在那边。,The girl who/that is standing under the tree is my deskmate.,The boy who/that hurt my pride once is over there.,例2: The boy_
5、 the nurse is looking after is my friend.,(whom/that),指人: whom/that(宾语,可省略),你所提到的那个老师已经退休。你所关心的那个男生犟得像头驴。,The teacher (that/whom) you referred to has retired.The boy (that/whom)you cared about is as stubborn as a donkey.,例3: The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.,that/which,指物: that/which (主语),属于我的那
6、本书很贵重。正在被建造的的学校是我们的新学校。The book which/that belongs to me is valuable.The school which /that is being repaired is our new school.,例4: The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.,(that/which),指物: that/which (宾语,可省略),我所喜欢的科目是地理。我不擅长的语法是定语从句。The subject (that/which)I am fond of is geography.The gr
7、ammar(that/which)I am not good at is the attributive clause.,正在打篮球的男生们来自一年级。,The boys are from Grade One.,who/that are playing basketball,2.照顾我姐姐的护士很善良。,The nurse is kind.,who/that looks after my sister,We watched the play “Teahouse”,which/that was written by Lao She.,3.我们观看那部戏是由老舍写的茶馆。,4.你昨天所见的那个年轻
8、人是个著名的作家。,The young man (whom/that) you saw yesterday is a famous writer.,5.一听到那个消息，那个名字叫Tom的男生刚才潸然泪下。6.封皮是蓝色的那本书不见了。7.这就是我出生的村庄。8.我永远不会忘记我哥哥参军的那一天。9.你相信他迟到的理由吗？5.At the sound of the news,the boy whose name is Tom burst into tears just now.6.The book whose cover is blue is missing.7.This is the vill
9、age where I was born.8.I will never forget the day when my brother joined the army.9.Do you believe the reason why he was late?,1.Whose在引导定语从句时，用作定语。 。指人时：=the +n+of whom =of whom +the+n指物时：=the+n+of which =of which+the+n,Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? Do you know the man the name of who
10、m /of whom the name is Wang Yu ? Mary lives in the house whose roof is red. Mary lives in the house the roof of which/of which the roof is red.,1. The student _father works in the factory is sitting there.2. I like the rooms _windows face south.3.This is the desk _legs were broken. 请问同学们：你能用别的方式改写吗？
11、,whose,whose,whose,1.Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident. A. which B. whose C. of which D. that,B,2.Last week，we watched Beijing Opera，_ style was unfamiliar to most of us.Awhat BwhichCwhere Dwhose,D,3.Many children，_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken g
12、ood care of in the village.Atheir BwhoseCof them Dwith whom,B,2.只用Which引导的定语从句。常规情况下：which在从句做主语或宾语，但介词提前时，只用which。 The building which/that stands near the river is our school.(主语） This is the book (which/that) you want.（宾语） The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.（宾语）,注意： whom, which 作介词
13、宾语时，介词一般可放在关系代词之前，也可放在原来的位置上；但是在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。 This is the person whom you are looking for., which还可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子或者某个词。 1.I have lost my pen, which I like very much. 2.She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor. 3.She is always late for class, wh
14、ich makes the teacher angry.,3、由that引导的定语从句。常规情况下：that在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语。但：1.that不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。This is the school in that you will study. ( )This is the school in which you will study. ()This is the school (which/that) you will study in. () 2.that也不可以引导非限制性定语从句。,1.We went to Mountain Tai last we
15、ekend，_，not surprisingly，was crowded with visitors.Athat BwhichCwhere DWhen2.There are altogether fiftysix students in our class，_ is a new comer from a faraway mountain village.Athe most hardworking of who Bof whom the most hardworkingCthe most hardworking of them Dbut the most hardworking of whom,
16、B,B,注意 在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等。 All that we have to do is to practise every day. Something that we heard was of great truth. 当先行词是all, everybody, nobody, anybody等不定代词时，如关系代词在从句中当主语，则优先选用who连接主从句。 Anybody who refused to bow was thrown into
17、 prison without trial. Everybody who were willing to see the film signed their names here., 先行词被序数词、the last或形容词的最高级所修饰。 The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。 I have read a
18、ll the books that you gave me., 先行词被the only, the very 修饰。 This is the very pen that I am looking for. He is the only person that I want to talk to. 先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered., 当句中已有who 或which时，为避免重复。Who is the man that is talking to John?Which is the book (t
19、hat) you want? 如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which/who，则另一个用that.,Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.I met the poet who wrote the poem that is popular.8.当先行词在主句中作表语，引导词在定语从句中做表语时。China is no longer the country _it used to be.=China is no longer what it used to be.,that,(衡水中学)Th
20、ey went on well at first but eventually everything _ they had worried about happened.Awhich Bwhat Cthat DWhen(南昌调研)You can only be sure of all _ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.Athat; what Bthat; /Cwhich; that Dwhat; that,C,B,(宁波联考)Do you agree with
21、her ideas at the meeting?Absolutely，what shes just said is the very idea _ I want to express.Athat BwhatCwhich DWhy He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.Awhich BthatCwhom Dwhat,A,B,5.When/where/why引导的定语从句：当先行词为指时间，地点，原因的名词时，在从句中做状语时，要用关系副词when/where/why.但一定要认真分析句子
22、的成分。Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.Awhy BwhatCthat Dwhere,D,1.I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.Awhich BwhereChow DWhy2.Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.Athat BwhenCw
23、hich Dwhere,B,D,(锦州二模)So you know Della?Yes，it was last week _ I surfed the Internet.Athat BwhenCsince Dbefore A book office is a place where tickets are sold.此句可以改为：A book office is a place in which tickets are sold.因此定语从句中关系副词where= 介词 +which .,B,This is the house where he lives.,= This is the hou
24、se _he lives.,= This is the house _he lives in.,in which,(which/that),I still remember the year when we studied together. =I still remember the year in which we studied together.= I still remember the year (which/that) we studied in together.,Do you know the reason why I left early?,Do you know the
25、reason _I left early?,但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which .The reason _ he gave us was unacceptable. Is this the reason that / which he told you? Is this the reason why he was late for class? (for which),for which,that/which,关系代词和关系副词的选用。,在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定，有时同一个先行词往往关系词却不同。,1.Th
26、is is the factory which / that produces TV sets. This is the factory where my father once worked. (in which),2.Ill never forget the day that / which we spent together in the countryside. Ill never forget the day when his house was broken into. (on which),问题：1.是不是先行词为时间名词，地点名词，原因名词，就一定选择关系副词：when,whe
27、re,why?2.请问关系副词和关系代词的转换是什么样地？This is the village_I was born in.This is the village _ I was born.This is the village in _ I was born.I dont believe the reason_ he was late.I dont believe the reason _he mentioned just now.I will never forget the day_ I joined the League.I will never forget the day_ we
28、 spent together.I will forget the day _you came to this school.,Which/that,where,which,why,That/which,when,That/which,when,当先行词为way时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况:? I dont like the way you talked to your mother.（choose the one that is not proper for this blank） A. that B. which C. in which D. / Our chemistry teac
29、her announced that he would do the experiment in a different way _ we might find interesting.Awhich Bin which Cin that Dwhat,B,A,在 Its time 句型中，后面的从句也可以看成是定语从句，通常有下面几种句型。 It is (high / about) time that 主语 + 谓语（should +v ）/ 过去式 It is the first time that 主语 + 谓语 (现在完成时) It was the first time that+主语+谓
30、语（过去完成时） It is high time that I _to do the physics homework.A. go B. wentC. shall go D. have gone It is the first time _ he has been here.A. thatB. whenC. at whichD. which,B,A,定语从句的主谓一致问题：1.定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。Here is a letter from Mr Brown,who _ to come to Paris.(want)I ,who _
31、your friend,will try my best to help you when you are in trouble.(be)Those who_late for the meeting shall be punished.(be),wants,am,are,2.one of + 复数名词+who/which/that +复数谓语 the (only) one of + 复数名词+ who/which/that +单数谓语She is one of the students who _ praised at the meeting yesterday. A. was B. were
32、 C. isD. areHe is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. areC. have beenD. has been,B,D,as引导的定语从句: as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成the same as, such as等结构。 I want to have such a dictionary as he has. I shall do it in the same way as you did. I lik
33、e the same book as you do.请问：the sameas与the samethat的区别？Suchas与suchthat的区别？,Suchas-“像。那样的”as引导定语从句，从句不完整，as要在从句中充当主语或宾语。Suchthat-”如此。以至于”that引导结果状语从句，从句完整，that不充当任何成分。This is such a difficult problem _ all of us cant work it out.This is such a difficult problem _ all of us cant work out.This is such
34、 a big watermelon _ I bought it at once.This is such a big watermelon _ I bought yesterday.,that,as,that,as,I have bought the same watch_you have.Athat BwhichCas DWhoseHis stocks are sold at such a low price _ he didnt expect.Aas Bthat Cwhen Dwhich,C,A, as引导非限制性定语。可以放在主句之前、常用于这种类似插入语的句式有As is said a
35、bove, As is already mentioned above,As is known to all, As it is, As is often the case, As is reported in the newspaper,(云南昆明质检)_is generally the case，those who care for the weakest members of society are respected.AWhich BThatCWhat DAs(常德测试卷)_ is reported in the newspaper，people in Sichuan Province
36、 are recovering from the terrible disaster and living a normal life.AIt BAsCThat DWhat,D,B,注意：在引导非限制定语从句时which 和 as 的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中时，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which 表示“这一点”有因果关系或者从句是否定句。,(2007西城)The project turned out to be very good，_was more than we could expect.Awhat BthatCwhich DThis他再次迟到，这一点让
37、他的班主任很生气。He was late again,which made his teacher very angry.,C,介词+关系代词小试一下,This is the girl _I learned the news.We are looking for the person_ the book belongs.He is the man _ house the pictures were stolen.He stood near the window,_ he could see the whole garden.同学们，你们发现什么方法？,From which,To whom,Fr
38、om whose,From where,1.This is the house _ my grandfather once lived .2.The film _ Im speaking is to be shown next week .3.This is the man _I learn the news. (苏、锡、常、镇四市联考)He didnt put the things _ they belonged，for _ reason he got his punishment.Awhich; that Bwhat; thatCthat; whose Dwhere; which,In w
39、hich,Of which,From which,D,三、“介词关系代词(which/whom/whose)”引导的定语从句1关系代词的选用：关系代词指人时，只可用whom；关系代词指物时，只可用which。The rich，for _ money was not a problem，wanted to stay at an expensive hotel.Atheir BthemCwhose Dwhom,D,1.根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词,Water is the natural medium _fish live.2.根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。Physics is
40、the subject in our school_every student is interested.3.根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。I know a wood _ you can find roses.4.根据句意来确定介词。This is the book _ I got the story.如何确定介词？,In which,In which,In which,From which,(长郡中学)It was surprising to see all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，
41、_ turned up a rare rainbow soon.Aof which Bwhere Cfrom which Dabove which (贵港监测)The film _ I am speaking is to be shown at the Peoples Cinema.Ato which Bwith whichCof which Don which,D,C,(陕西重点联考)The position，however，_ you are applying，is not quite a wellpaid one.Athat BwhichCfor which Dto which(浙江五校
42、联考)He came back late，_which time all the guests had already left.Aafter BbyCat Dduring,C,B,根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配_ I spent five Yuan ._ I paid five Yuan. This is the book _ I learnt a lot._there are few new words. _ Tom often talks . 根据先行词的搭配习惯the day_ I joined the league.I still remember the days_ I lived t
43、here. the years _ I stayed there.,On which,For which,From which,In which,About which,On which,During which,In which,(长郡中学)It was surprising to see all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，_ turned up a rare rainbow soon.Aof which Bwhere Cfrom which Dabove which,D,(陕西重点联考
44、)The position，however，_ you are applying，is not quite a wellpaid one.Athat BwhichCfor which Dto which(浙江五校联考)He came back late，_which time all the guests had already left.Aafter BbyCat Dduring,C,B,介词+which/whom中的介词的确定,(3.)先行词的习惯选取：也根据从句中谓语动词与先行词的习惯搭配The speed _ light travels is 300,000 meters per se
45、cond.The colorless gas is called oxygen, _we couldnt live. _ we can rescue patients.,_ _fire burns much better.,In which,Without which,With which,At which,(4)介词关系代词前还可用some，any，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each，few等，代词、名词或数词等构成复合介词短语。His sons，both of whom loved music very much，spent most of their
46、 money on CDs.他的两个儿子都热爱音乐，他们把大部分钱用来买CD唱片。,James and Alex，_ clothes Harry had taken away，had to leave the pool with nothing on.Aboth of which Bboth of whose Cneither of whom Dneither of which书架上有很多书，没有一本是你的。他有两个儿子，没有一个是律师。他学到了很多知识，大部分是来自课本。There are many books on the shelf,none of which are yours.He
47、has 2 sons,neither of whom are lawyers.He has learned a lot of knowledge,most of which are from books.,B,二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不密切，去掉定语从句，句子的意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开。使用时应注意以下几点：1.非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。2.非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可省略，不管在从句中充当什么成分。,(山东)Whenever I met her，_ was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet s
48、mile.Awho BwhichCwhen DThat(北京西城区)More wild tigers have been seen in the forest around this area，_ there used to be very few.Awhen BwhereCwhat Dwhich,B,B,定语从句与强调句的区分？It is at 5 oclock _the accident happened.It was 5 oclock _the accident happened.It was in Baihe County _ I was born.It was Baihe Count
49、y _ I was born.其他句型：There was a time _ women were looked down upon.This is a time _ women play an important part in the world.Days are gone_we had nothing to eat.,that,when,that,where,when,when,when,When 引导定语从句与时间状语从句的区分：When引导定语从句时，从句修饰限定先行词，跟在先行词后面。When引导时间状语从句时，说明动作发生的时间，可以放在主句之前。Do you know the
50、time when the class is over?When the class is over,the light went out.Do you know the time when he left?When he left ,what did you do ?,定语从句,时间状语从句,定语从句,时间状语从句,Where引导定语从句和地点状语从句的区分：Where引导定语从句是，修饰限定表地点的先行词。Where引导地点状语从句时，说明动作发生的地点，where之前没有表示地点的名词，而是动词。A lot of buldings have been built where there
