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1、Lesson 3 Shipbuilding,Contents: 1. Vocabulary and Sentence 2. Vocabulary summary3. Exercise,e.g. （P32-1-2） shipyard 船厂 Building a ship is a complex process involving the many departments of the shipbuilding organization, the arrangement and use of shipyard facilities and the many skills of the vario
2、us personnel involved. 造船是一个复杂的过程，它包括造船企业的很多的部门，船厂设备的安排和应用以及所涉及的各种人员的许多技能。,造船企业,一、Vocabulary and Sentence,e.g. （P32-1-3） shipyard layout 船厂布置 Those departments directly involved in the construction, the shipyard layout, material movement and the equipment used will be examined in turn. 这些部门直接包括了建造、船
3、厂布置、材料移动和所用设备的轮流检修。,船厂布置,e.g. （P32-2-1） Classification society 船级社 The main function of the shipyards design and drawing office is to produce the working drawing to satisfy the owners requirement, the rules of the classification societies and the shipyards usual building practices. 船厂设计室以及绘图室的主要功能就是
4、绘制施工图来满足船东的要求，船级社的规范以及船厂通常的建造实际。,绘图室,施工图,e.g. （P32-2-3） steelwork outfitting 钢结构舾装 A secondary, but nevertheless important, function is to provide information to the production planning and control departments, the purchasing departments, etc., to enable steelwork outfitting and machinery items to b
5、e ordered and delivered to satisfy the building programme for the ship.,但同等重要,采购部门,机械零件,e.g. （P32-3-1） lines plan 型线图moulded dimensions 型尺度 Closely following the basic design drawings will be the production of the lines plan. This plan is a scale drawing of the moulded dimensions of the ship in plan
6、, profile and section. 紧随着基本设计图的就是型线图的绘制。型线图是船舶型线、轮廓和剖面的型尺度的缩尺图。,e.g. （P32-3-3）forward (after) perpendicular 首(尾)垂柱 station 站号 The ships length between the forward and after perpendiculars is divided into ten equally spaced divisions or stations numbered 1 to 10. Transverse sections of the ship at t
7、he various stations are drawn to give a drawing known as the body plan. 船舶的垂线间长被分为空间相等的份数或者称为站，编号为1到10。船舶在不同站号的横剖面被绘制成横剖面图。,e.g. （P32-3-6） Since the vessel is symmetrical, half-sections are given. The stations 0 to 5 representing the after half of the ship shown on the left side of the body plan wit
8、h the forward sections shown on the right. 由于船舶是对称的，因此只给出了半个剖面。 代表了船的后半部分的0到5站显示在横剖面图的左侧，船体的前半部分显示在右侧。,对称的,e.g. （P32-3-9） profile or sheer plan 纵剖面图waterline 水线sheer 舷弧 The profile or sheer plan shows the general outline of the ship, any sheer of the decks, the deck positions and all the waterlines.
9、 纵剖面图显示的是船舶的总的轮廓，甲板舷弧，甲板位置和所有的水线。,e.g. （P32-3-10 ） For clarity, the deck positions have been omitted from Fig.3.1 and only three waterlines are shown. The various stations are also drawn on this view. Additional stations may be used at the fore and aft ends, where the section change is considerable.
10、,e.g. （P32-3-13） half-breadth plan 半宽水线图keel 龙骨 The half-breadth plan shows the shape of the waterlines and the decks formed by horizontal planes at the various waterline heights from the keel. This plan is usually superimposed upon the profile or sheer plan, as shown in Fig.3.1. 半宽水线图表示的是水线的形状和由距龙骨
11、不同高度的水线的水平面所形成的甲板。这个图通常和纵剖面图叠加在一起，如图3.1所示。,叠加,e.g. （P32-4-1） fairness 光顺 The initial lines plan is drawn for the design and then checked for fairness. To be fair all the curved lines must run evenly and smoothly. 最初的型线图是为了设计而绘制的，然后再检查光顺性。为了达到光顺，所有的曲线必须走向均匀、光滑。,e.g. （P32-4-3） loftsman 放样工 There must
12、also be exact correspondence between dimensions shown for a particular point in all the three different views. The fairing operation, once the exclusive province of a skilled loftsman, is now largely accomplished by computer programs. 对以一个特殊点在所有的三个不同的视图显示的尺寸之间必须要完全一致。过去由有技术的放样工独家提供的放样操作，现在是有计算机程序来完成
13、。,独家的,e.g. （P34-1-1） table of offsets 型值表 Once faired, the final lines plan is prepared and a table of offsets is compiled for use in producing the ships plates and frames. 光顺之后，确定了最终的型线图，编译型值表用来生产船舶的外板以及骨架。,e.g. （P2-5-1） unit 单元 The traditional practice of drawing plans according to structural area
14、s such as the shell, deck, the double-bottom framing, etc, is inconvenient in many cases since the ship is nowadays built up of large prefabricated units. A unit may consist of shell plating, some framing and part of deck.,预制的,e.g. （P34-2-4） shell expansion 外板展开 plan 图，平面图 An expansion of a ships sh
15、ell is given in Fig.3.2, showing the positions of the various units. Plans are therefore drawn in relation to units and contain all the information required to build a particular unit. 图3.2给出了船体的外板展开图，图中显示了各个单元的位置。因此，图纸的绘制是和单元相关的并包含了需要建造一个特定单元的所有信息。,e.g. （P34-2-7）classification society 船级社 A number
16、of traditional plans are still produced for classification society purposes, future maintenance and reference, but without the wealth of manufacturing information which is only needed on the unit plans. 一些传统的图纸仍然为了船级社的要求，将来的维修和参考而绘制的，但是这些图纸没有只针对单元图的制造信息。,e.g. （P34-3-1） chart 图表assembly 装配erection 装配
17、 The planning and production control departments require drawing information to compile charts for monitoring progress, compiling programmes, producing programmes for material delivery, parts production and assembly and finally unit production and erection. 设计和生产控制部门需要绘图信息来编制检测进展，程序编译，材料配送的生产程序，小部件的
18、生产和装配以及最后单元的生产和装配。,e.g. （P36-1-2） steel ordering 钢材预定 The steel ordering is a key function in the production process, requiring involvement with the drawing office, planning departments, production departments and the steel supplier. The monitoring and control of stock is also important, since the s
19、teel material for a ship is a substantial part of a ships final cost.,重要的,e.g. （P36-2-1) loft 放样 mould loft (型线)放样间、放样台 The mould loft is a large covered area with a wooden floor upon which the ships details are drawn to full size or some smaller more convenient scale. 放样台是一个大的木地板的覆盖区域，在放样台上全尺度或更加方便
20、的小尺度来绘制船舶的细节图。,e.g. （P36-2-3)template 样板mock-up 样箱 Much of the traditional loft work is now done by computer but some specialist areas still require wooden templates to be made, mock-ups to be constructed, etc. 大部分传统的放样工作现在由计算机来完成，但有一些特殊的区域仍需要制作木质的样板和样箱等。,e.g. （P36-3-5)joiner 木工butt 对接缝seam 焊缝 Once
21、the ships lines are checked and fair, a half-block model is constructed by joiners usually to about 1/50th scale. This model has the exact lines of the ship and is used to mark out the actual plates on the shell, giving all the positions of the butts and seams. 一旦船体的型线被检查和光顺后，木工通常按照大约1/50的缩尺比来建造半个模型
22、。该模型具有船体的正确的型线，并在船壳上标注出正确的外板，给出所有对接缝和焊缝的位置。,e.g. （P36-4-1)scrieve board 划线板、刻线板 The loftsman can now produce templates for marking, cutting and bending the actual plates using the full-size scrieve board marking in conjunction with the plate positions from the model. 现在放样工就可以用全尺度的刻线板结合标记与从模型中板的位置为标注
23、、切割和弯曲实际的板材来制作样板。,一起、共同,e.g.（P38-1-6） punched tape 穿孔纸带magnetic tape 磁带flow chart 流程图 A final punched or magnetic tape is produced which is used for the operation of the numerically controlled machine. This process is illustrated by a simple flow chart in Fig.3.4. 生产用于数控机器操作的最终的穿孔纸带或磁带。 这个过程在图3.4中由一
24、个简单的流程图来说明。,说明,e.g.（P38-2-1） shipyard layout 船厂布置outfitting 舾装 The shipyard layout is arranged to provide a logical ordered flow of materials and equipment towards the final unit build-up, erection and outfitting of the ship. The various production stages are arranged in work areas or shop and, as f
25、ar as practicable in modern yards, take place under cover.,e.g.（P38-4-4） bending rolls 弯板机press 压力机cold frame bender 肋骨冷弯机 Various shaping operations now take place using plate bending rolls, presses, cold frame benders, etc., as necessary. 各种整形的操作现在必要时都是由弯板机，压力机和肋骨冷弯机来完成。,e.g.（P39-1-1）overhead trav
26、elling crane 桥式移动起重机vacuum lift cranes 真空吊车magnetic cranes 电磁起重机roller conveyors 滚柱式输送机fork-lift equipment 叉式起重设备 The material transfer before, during and after the various processes in shipbuilding utilises many handling appliances, such as overhead travelling cranes, vacuum lift cranes or magnetic
27、 cranes, roller conveyors, fork-lift equipment, etc. 以前的材料的调拨，在船舶建造期间和之后的各种过程中，都是用许多的处理设备完成，比如桥式移动起重机，真空吊车或电磁起重机，滚柱式输送机，叉式起重设备等。,Translating the following sentences in English.我想去技术科要一份这种图纸。 我们在抛丸后要对钢板涂覆车间底漆。 浮性指船舶在一定装载下保持正浮的能力。我们利用压缩空气来检验水密性。外板承受不同强度的外力，因此，板厚会随受力的不同而变化。,三、 Exercise,我们厂想进口一些先进的加工设备，
28、如：数控机床和自动电焊机。我们厂造集装箱船，散货船，还有一些驳船。船舶的倾斜可分为纵倾及横倾，横稳心比纵稳心重要的多。货船按用途可以分为两种基本类型，一种用来装载干货，另一种用来装载液货。多功能运输船则既可以装载干货又可以装载液货。,我想去技术科要一份这种图纸。I would like to ask the technical department for a copy of this drawing.,我们在抛丸后要对钢板涂覆车间底漆。We paint the steel plates with primer after shot-blasting.,浮性指船舶在一定装载下保持正浮的能力。F
29、loatability indicates the ability of vessel floating positively on water under the condition of a certain amount of deadweight.,我们利用压缩空气来检验水密性。We check the watertightness by compressed air.,外板承受不同强度的外力，因此，板厚会随受力的不同而变化。Shell plating stands external forces of different magnitude, accordingly, the thic
30、kness of plates will vary with the force to be subjected.,我们厂想进口一些先进的加工设备，如：数控机床和自动电焊机。Our shipyard is thinking to import some advanced machining equipment, such as NC machine and automatic electric welders.,我们厂造集装箱船，散货船，还有一些驳船。We build container ships, bulk carriers, and some barges.,船舶的倾斜可分为纵倾及横倾，
31、横稳心比纵稳心重要的多。Vessel inclination may be divided into trim and heel and the metacenter of transversal inclination is much more essential than that of longitudinal inclination.,货船按用途可以分为两种基本类型，一种用来装载干货，另一种用来装载液货。Cargo ships can be divided into two basic types according to its purpose, one carries dry cargo, the other carries liquid cargo.,多功能运输船则既可以装载干货又可以装载液货。OBO ship is designed to carry both dry cargo and liquid cargo.,四、 Homework,翻译课文1.5。要求：英汉对照式翻译。,
