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1、.,the Passive Voice,（被动语态）,文综之家 http:/,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加by,主动语态,主变被解题步骤:,1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.,arewere,3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.,4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语/
2、 宾语.,by them in that factory.,1. Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom.,2.He broke the windows.The windows were broken by him.,Be要随着主语变,逻辑主语by来引,被动语态的大体构成：,Be + PP（过去分词）,规则动词过去分词的构成1、一般情况下，加 -ed。 ask - asked help - helped watch - watched2、结尾是“e”的词，加 -d。 dance - danced love - loved live -
3、 lived 3、重读闭音节词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写 这个辅音字母，再加 -ed。 stop - stopped drop - dropped beg - begged4、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，改 y 为 i，再加 -ed。 carry - carried study - studied hurry - hurried,Grammar,Irregular Verbs (部分不规则动词),Irregular Verbs (部分不规则动词),taken,eaten,grown,built,sent,bought,fed,1. They make shoes in that fac
4、tory. 主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.,变为被动语态,一般现在时被动结构：,am/is /are +过去分词,Exercise:He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.,Exercise:We call the snowman Mr. Strong.,The snowman is called Mr. Strong.,Lily opened the book ju
5、st now.The book was opened by Lily.,一般过去时的被动语态（Passive Voice）,+,+,Lily打开了书。,书被Lily打开了。,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.,一般过去时被动结构：,was/were +过去分词,Exercise: He bought some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits were bought yesterday.,3. Some workers are pai
6、nting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.,现在进行时被动结构：,am/is/are + being +PP,Exercise:They are holding a sports meeting now.,A sports meeting is being held (by them) now.,Exercise:They are playing volleyball now.,Volleyball is being played (by them) now,5.They will finish th
7、e work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.,一般将来时被动结构：,will+ be +过去分词,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.,be going to + be + pp,Exercise:The girl will finish her homework in twenty minutes.,Her homework will be finis
8、hed( by the girl) in twenty minutes.,They would have a party the next day.,A party would be had (by them) the next day.,7.Aby can take good care of Tina ,Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.,情态动词变被动：,情态动词 + be+过分,Exercise:He may carry the basket easily.,The basket may be easily carried by him.,The
9、y can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,The farm was built by Ali baba last year.,What things were done by him last year?,The trees were planted by Ali baba.,the treesplanted,For example:,_was/were _ by Ali baba.,Ali baba planted the trees.,What things were done by
10、 him last year?,The flowers were watered by Ali baba.,the flowerswatered,_was/were _ by Ali baba.,The wheat was grown by Ali baba.,the wheatgrown,_was/were _ by Ali baba.,The cows were fed by Ali baba.,fed,_was/were _ by Ali baba.,The sheep were taken care of by Ali baba.,taken care of,_was/were _ b
11、y Ali baba.,The house was built by Ali baba.,built,_was/were _ by Ali baba.,Exercise:Workers have built the house since two years ago.,The house has been built since two years ago.,8.We have made twenty keys,Twenty keys have been made by us.,现在完成时被动结构：,have/has + been+过去分词,9.We had seen this film be
12、fore you came here.,This film had been seen by us before you came here.,过去完成时被动结构：,had +been +PP,6. He said the workers would build a new school in two weeks.,He said a new school would be built in two weeks.,过去将来时被动构成：,would + be + pp,4.She was interviewing the famous man at this time yesterday.,Th
13、e famous man was being interviewed by her,过去进行时被动结构：,was/were + being +PP,Exercise:He was playing basketball at 8:00 last night.,Basketball was being played at 8:00 yesterday.,Exercise:The doctor knew that he had known his problem.,The doctor knew that his problemhad been known by him.,各种时态的被动情况：一般现
14、在时： 一般过去时： 现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时： 过去完成时： 一般将来时：过去将来时：情态动词变被动：,am / is / are done,was / were done,am / is / are being done,was / were being done,have / has been done,had been done,shall / will be donebe going to be done,would/should +be+ done,情态动词+be+ done,Exercise: Pick out the passive voice We have an
15、old musical instrument. It was called clavichord It was made in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck t
16、he keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. We arent allowed to touch it. Now it is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.,Exercises:一.选择填空:Windows of glass.be made B. is made C. are made D. been made2. The house in 2004.is built B. is building C. was built D. used
17、3. A coat can for keeping warm.be used B. is used C. been used D. used,C,C,A,4. Watches_ Shanghai. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by6.The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in7. Silk _ in H
18、angzhou and Suzhou A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces,A,A,D,A,1. I was given a book by him. (间宾作主）,He gave me a book. (变被动）,主语,谓语,间宾,直宾,2. A book was given to me by him.,My mother bought me a birthday cake.,主语,谓语,间宾,直宾,1. I was bought a birthday cake by my mother.,2. A birthda
19、y cake was bought for me by my mother.,带有双宾语的动词变为被动歌谣：,原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to或for。,变为被动时，间宾前加to 的带有双宾语的动词有：14个bring, teach, pass, hand, give, lend, refuse,leave, promise, tell, return, show, send , write.,变为被动时，间宾前加for 的带有双宾语的动词有：5个buy, get, do, pay, sing.,把下列句子变为主动语态：1.They
20、made shoes in that factory.2.They will make shoes in that factory.3.They would make shoes in that factory.4.They can make shoes in that factory.5.They have made shoes in that factory.6.They had made shoes in that factory.7.They are making shoes in that factory.8.They were making shoes in that factor
21、y,We usually hear him play in the next room.,He is usually heard to play in the next room.,四几种值得注意的被动语态变化,带复合宾语的被动语态结构,（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.,Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.,watch let havehear see notice,原句若是双宾语，一变主来一
22、保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to或 for。情态动词变被动，情态加be加过分。,1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The young trees must_ _ _well.(照顾)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行) in Beijing in 2008.,was opened,be looked after,
23、Was,built,was written,wasnt built,be held,1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _
24、_ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3. We found the ticket on the floor .,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _
25、_ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful
26、stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days.
27、The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about
28、 _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,Answer right or wrong,1.必须照看好孩子们。The children must be taken good care .( )The children must be taken good care of .( )2.这本书是鲁迅写的。This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( )This book was written by Lu Xun.( )3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( )That penci
29、l was given to me by him yesterday.( ),W,R,W,R,W,R,4.这辆自行车能修吗？Can this bike mended?( )Can this bike be mended?( )5.街道已由他们清理了。The street has been cleaned by they.( )The street has been cleaned by them.( ),W,R,W,R,必背！,动词短语的被动语态,take care of be taken care of,cut down be cut down,laugh at be laughed at,
30、look after be looked after,They made shoes in that factory.They will make shoes in that factory.They would make shoes in that factory.They can make shoes in that factory.They have made shoes in that factory.They had made shoes in that factory.They are making shoes in that factory.They were making sh
31、oes in that factory.,(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.,I saw him playing football at that moment.,He was seen playing football at that moment.,hear / watch /.,We often hear them sing this song.,They are often heard to sing this song (by us).,This song is often heard (by us) to be sung (b
32、y them).,一感二听三使四看,feel / hear listen/ make have let/ look see watch notice,这十大动词在主动句中动词用原形，但在变为被动语态时必须加上to,使用口诀：感使动词真奇怪， to在句子像妖怪。主动句里to 走开，被动句里to回来。动词let要除外， to词可来可不来。,Bob sent Kate a letter last year.,=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.,=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.,tell ask b
33、ring write give teach pass lend,to,He told Jim a story.,Mum made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.,make buy draw,for,I bought my brother a book.,注意:,约翰打开了收音机。,John turned on the radio.,The radio was turned on.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandma takes care of my sister.,
34、My sister is taken care of by Grandma.,注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。,We must speak to old people politely.,Old people must be spoken to politely.,They said that he would come back soon.,It was said that he would come back soon.,类似的还有：It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that .,We report,1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：
35、belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。,* Great changes have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have / fit,I have a TV set.,The coat fits me well.,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Look at the blackboar
36、d，please 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,The fish tastes good.,The scarf feels soft.,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【误】Yourself must be looked after,4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very well.,这书卖完了。,The book is sold out.,
