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1、主语 不及物动词 （ S + Vi ） 主语 及物动词 宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 主语 系动词 表 (S + LV + predicative) 主语双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)There + be / stand/ lie / live.,简单句的五种基本句型,主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。,简单句的扩展成份,简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如
2、定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.The dog jumped through the window.He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.He worked like a madman in the garden on Satu
3、rday.The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.,两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretar
4、y are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin. Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The boss is not flying to York. His se
5、cretary isnt flying to York. Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.,主语、谓语、宾语的合并,两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand等连词连接组成一个简单句。I met Jane. I met her husband.I met Jane and her husband.I met both Jane and her husband.It was cold. It was wet.It was cold and wet.I didnt meet Jane. I didnt meet her hu
6、sband.I didnt meet either Jane or her husband. I met neither Jane nor her husband.两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。We sang all night. We danced all night.We sang and danced all night.,主语、谓语、宾语的合并,并列句,需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。,用分号：We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.,用分号，后跟一个连接副词：
7、We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.,用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.,并列句,常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and then,but, however, while, yet,for, so,or, eitheror, neither n
8、or,并列句,并列句的词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。,主语 谓语 宾语 连词 主语 动词 表语Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasnt hurt.,五种简单句型可用并列连词连接起来组成并列句。,主 谓 状（方式） 连 主 谓 表Frank worked hard and (he ) became an architect.主 谓 宾 连 主 谓 地点I ve got a cold, so I m going to bed. 主 谓 宾 宾补 连 主 谓 宾They made him chairman, but (they) didnt increas
9、e his salary.,Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。,He was tired, so he went to bed.,1. He was tired. He went to bed.,2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.,3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.,He made a promise, but He didnt keep it.,The child hid behind his mothers skir
10、t, for he was afraid of the dog.,由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。 复合句 = 主句 + 从句,复合句,复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句： 1.名词性从句：即 主语从句
11、，宾语从句，表语从句 和同位语从句 2. 定语从句3. 状语从句,英文写作中最常使用的从句宾语从句状语从句 定语从句,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,He told me,the news.,that the match had been cancelled.,宾语,how much he was prepared to pay for my car.,that I could have the money without delay.,how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave th
12、e money without delay.,when he was leaving for Paris.,that his fatherwas working in that school.,宾语从句,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,I dont know,him.,He has finished his work,that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.,宾语从句,He is leaving for Washington.,that he is leaving for Wash
13、ington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.,状语从句,1. When I walk along with two others, I may be able to learn from them.,3. If you judge people, you have no time to love them.,4.He didnt stop studyin
14、g, though /although he was ill.,时间状语从句,条件,让步,老是审视别人的话，你就腾不出时间去爱他们了。,2. Where there is a will, there is a way.,地点,5. I can because I think I can. 我行，因为我相信我行！ .,6. We eat, so that/ in order that we live.,原因,目的,7.He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.,结果,8. She treats him as if he were her son.,方式
15、,9. The more you practice, the easier it becomes.,比较,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,He worked,in that factory,three years ago.,地点状语,时间状语,where his father worked,in that factory,where I lived,when he lived there,His father worked there.,I lived there.,He lived there three years ago.,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句
16、+ 从属连词 +简单句,Put the book,on the desk.,where you took it.,where it was.,地点状语,where you found it.,You cant camp,here.,where there are a lot of trees.,wherever you like.,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,the people,surprised,That,What he saidwhat he did,主语,That he didnt know the answer,in the room.,定语,who
17、were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,That,is,the fact.,表 语,what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.,指出下列各从句的类型,I believe that everything is going on well.She was reading
18、a novel when I came in.She is the girl who sings best in my class.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,Practice,用所给连词连接句子。,He has found out. She was late. (why),He has found out why she was late.,I still remember the day. I first went to York on that day. (when),I still remember the day when I first went to York.,将各组句子连
19、接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。,Practice,He didnt come yesterday. He was ill. (原因),He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,Ill give the letter to him. I see him. （时间）It is such a big box. Nobody can move it. （结果）Well go to the great wall. Its fine tomorrow. (条件) We should not go there all the time. The place is
20、 quite pleasant.(让步）,It is such a big box that nobody can move it.,Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.,Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.,Ill give the letter to him when I see him.Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him.Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.,T H E E N D,
