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1、Unit 3 A Healthy LifeGrammar - the usage of “it”,For the Dog The family seated in a restaurant had finished their dinner when the father called over the waiter. “Yes，sir？” the waiter asked. “My son has left quite a lot of meat on his plate，”explained the father，“Could you give me a bag so that I can
2、 take it home for the dog？” “Gosh，Dad！”exclaimed the excited boy，“Have we got a dog then？”,It is never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It is easier to say than to do 说起来容易做起来难It is the first step that costs. 万事开头难。,It is hard to please all. 众口难调It takes three gene
3、rations to make a gentleman. 十年树木,百年树人。It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open.创业容易守业难It is better to give than to take. 施比受更有福。,(2011.湖北高考.改编) It was not until he waited for two years _ by the manager.直到他等了两年后，经理才同意他的计划。,that his plan was approved of,高考真题回顾,1用作人称代词，代替前面提到的事物或人，在句子
4、中作主语或宾语。-Your story is interesting，but I dont like it.你的故事很有趣，但是我不喜欢。,It的基本用法,2用于疑问句的答语中，代替指示代词(this，that)。Whats this? 这是什么？Its a panda.是只熊猫。Whose exercise book is that? 那是谁的练习本？Its hers.是她的。3当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it 来表示。What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy?多漂亮的宝宝啊！是个男孩吗？,4用作非人称代词，表示时间、日期、天气、温度、距离等
5、，常用作句子的主语。-It is Saturday today.今天是星期六。-Its two kilometers from school to my home.从我家到学校有两公里远。,5. it 用作形式主语5.1 做形式主语代替主语从句1）It is + adj. +that从句 It is clear ( obvious， true， possible ，certain.) that . “很清楚（显然, 真的, 肯定）”-It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. . It is important ( necessa
6、ry, strange， natural自然的 )that . that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should ）+ 动词原形。-It is important that we (should) learn English well.,2）. It is +v-ed +that 从句 It is said (reported， believed，announced.) that . 据说（据报道，据信, 据报道） -It is said that he has come to Beijing. . It is suggested ( ordered/demanded/insisted/comm
7、anded. ) that . 主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为“据建议；有命令” -It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.,3）. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . 真可惜/真令人羞愧 后常用（should + 动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。表达惊讶或气愤的语气，如果不是表达一种语气则不用。-It is a pity that such a thing (
8、should ) happen in your class. -It is a pity that he is ill.,4). It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that. 碰巧/看来 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. It seems that he will be back in a few days.,5.2.作形式主语替代不定式 1). It
9、takes sb. . to do sth. 做要花费某人 -It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 2). It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 某人做某事真 主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ，stupid ， wise wrong等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 -It is kind of you to s
10、ay so. = You are kind to say so.,3). It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 对某人来说做某事 常见的形容词有： important， necessary， natural ,strange easy ， safe ，common ，normal ，hard ， difficult ,dangerous ， 等。 在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) c
11、ome to the party.,It is no good (use ) doing sth. 做某事没有好处/没有用该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语。 -It is no good learning English without speaking English. -Its useless trying to argue with Shylock.,5.3.作形式主语替代ing形式,6. It 作形式宾语. -We think it important to learn a foreign language. it 为形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构。 6指主句中常用的
12、动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 1指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 -We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. -He felt it important learning English well. -They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days., It 引导的几个
13、易混的时间句型,1. Its ( about / high) time (that) 2. It + is / was + the first (second ) time + that-clause3. It was / will (not) be + 段时间(hours, days, years, etc) + before-clause4. It is / has been + 段时间(years, days, weeks, months, etc.) + since-clause5. It is / was + 具体的时间点 + when-clause,Its ( about / hi
14、gh/right) time (that) 是时候/到了的时候了本结构中，time 之后可接介词短语、动词不定式或 that 从句。特别注意： 在从句中，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”(should 不能省)或用动词的过去式。e. g. Its (about) time that we went / should go to bed. Its (about) time for us to go to bed.,2. It + is / was + the first (second ) time + that-clause 这/那是第次/天/月/年 本结构中，It 也可
15、用 this, that 等，其中序数词也可修饰 day, month, year 等名词。特别注意：前面是is,从句用现在完成时；前面是was, 则从句用过去完成时。e. g. It was the second time that I had visited the Great Wall last year. This is the fourth time that she has rung you today.,3. It was / will (not) be + 段时间(hours, days, years, etc.) + before-clause 要过才本结构中表示某一动作从现
16、在起到将来某时刻之前发生的这一段时间的总和，也可表示某一动作从过去某时刻起直到另一过去时刻发生之前的若干时间。特别注意：1)主句部分用 was ，before 从句用过去时。2)主句部分用 will be，则 before 从句用现在时。e. g. It will be two years before we meet again. It was a long time before I got to sleep again last night.,4. It is / has been + 段时间(years, days, weeks, months, etc.) + since-claus
17、e 本结构表示某一动作或状态从结束时起到现在或另一过去时间为止的若干时间。译为 “自从以来有(时间)”特别注意：1)since 从句用一般过去时。e. g. It is / has been five years since I began to learn English.2) 在It is time since-clause 中，since 从句中不能否定式。e. g. 正：It is / has been three years since I met you in London last. 误：Its ten years since you didnt come to see me.,
18、5. It is / was + 具体的时间点 + when-clause本结构是定语从句句型，具体的时间点是先行词，关系副词 when 引导定语从句。译为“当的时候是(时间)”特别注意：1)主句部分用 is ，when 从句用现在时。2)主句部分用 was， when 从句用一般过去时。 e. g. It is 6 oclock when I go home from school every day. It was five oclock in the afternoon when they climbed up to the mountain.,-His boss asked him _
19、 (是在什么地方) that he had an accident. (where),where it was,分析：强调句型的结构It is/was+被强调部分+that/who +其他部分It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分It is/was not A but B that/who +其他部分It is/was A rather than B that/who +其他部分Is/was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他(一般疑问)特殊疑问词+ is/was it + that/who+其他（特殊疑问）,考点二： 强调句型,1It doesnt ma
20、tter what/ whether(if). “没关系”-It doesnt matter what he says.他说什么都没关系。2It appears/ seems/ happens that. 好像/似乎-It seems that he is always correct.他好像总是对的。-It happened that I had no money with me.碰巧我当时没有带钱。,It的固定句型,3It is a waste of time /money doing sth.Its a waste of time your talking to him.你和他谈是浪费时
21、间。4(It is)No wonder( that) 难怪Its no wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。,5It makes no/much difference (to sb.) +从句-It doesnt make much difference what colour it is.颜色无关紧要。6when it comes to. 当说/谈到-When it comes to football，the boy becomes excited.当谈到足球时，这名男孩变得很兴奋。
22、7Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事-Its my turn to clean the classroom.轮到我打扫教室了。,8If it were not for. 要不是因为= But for+从句-If it were not for your help，I would still be homeless.若不是你帮忙，我现在还是无家可归。9Its up to sb(to do sth.) 做某事取决于某人-Its up to people not to let plastic bags become litter.不让塑料袋成为垃圾取决于人们。10It
23、occurs to sb. that/ It suddenly hits /strikes sb. that. 某人突然想到-It occurred to me that I should visit my parents.我突然想到该看看父母了。,11. It looks ( seems, appears ) as if/though . 看起来好像/仿佛 该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，看起来好象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。 -When a pencil is partly in the water, it looks as if it was broken.-It seemed as if he were dying,12. make it 及时赶到; 成功; 办成 -You can make it if you hurry. -You neednt worry; he will make it.,Thank You!,
