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1、连词,连 词 (Conjunction),连 词 (Conjunction),一、连词定义: 用来连接词、短语或句子的词。 e.g. I study English and Chinese. Does he work at school or in the hospital? I get up early, but my brother gets up late.,二、连词分类：并列连词从属连词,连词：and, but, or, so, (for),连词词组: eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, bothand, (as well as),that，
2、whether, if, unless, while / when, until, because, so that, sothat, though/ although, even if, asas 等,三、用法 1.并列连词 - 连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。 常见的有：(1)表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor，as well as（也，和）等。(2)表选择关系的or, eitheror等。(3)表转折关系的but, however等。(4)表因果关系的for, so等。,考点一：1）判断改错： They sat down a
3、nd talk about something. They started to dance and sang. I saw two men sitting behind and ate there.,F,F,F,eating,sing,talked,and (“和，并且”) 与 or (“否则”),“and” 连接平行结构。,（1）肯定句中用“and” 表“和”；（2）否定句中用“or”表“和” 。,2）翻译： 我喜欢英语和数学。 我不喜欢英语和数学。,I like English _ math.,I dont like English _ math.,and,or,= Study hard
4、, _ your math will be worse.,3）用 “and” 或“or” 填空： Study hard（祈使句）, _ your math will be better.,and,or,“and”意为“这样，那么”； “or” 意为 “否则” 。,表转折的连词but 和however： e.g. (他努力工作，但以失败告终。) He worked hard, _ he failed at last. He worked hard. _, he failed at last.区别: but 后没有逗号，直接连接分句； however 后有逗号相隔，可放句末。,but,Howeve
5、r,考点二 ：,观察句子 ： （1）Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.（2）“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.”,*although/ though 和but这两个关联词不能同时用。,?,同样，此句错误， because 和 so 等
6、关联词都不能同时使用。,考点三 ：,either A or B “或者A或者B”neither A nor B “既不A也不B”not only A but also B “不仅A而且B”,- 连词词组 ：,Either you or I _ going to the party.(或者你或者我将去晚会。)Neither I nor he _ seen the movie.（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）Not only you but also he _ French.（不但你而且他也讲法语。）,【连接主语 时，谓语“就近原则”】,am,has,speaks,考点四,2. 从属连词-用来引导从
7、句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, sothat, suchthat等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than, asas等。(8)引导宾语从句的that, if
8、, whether等。,Mr. White was taking a shower _ the UFO landed on the street. A. where B. while C. when D. whether,C,While Mr. White was taking a shower，the UFO landed on the street.,考点一,“when” 和 “while”,when引导的状语从句的动作多为终止性动词，也为可持续动词；但while只能是可持续动词。,考点二,我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。,My father _ come back until we had
9、 supper.,notuntil/ till 直到才till 直到为止,翻译：他直到3岁才会讲话。,He _get up until his mother wakes him up.,didnt,他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。,He _ speak until he was 3.,couldnt,doesnt,until 可用于句首，而till不可以,He took the MP3 player with him _ he could enjoy music during the trip.A. because B. so that C. when,B,考点三,他起早是为了赶上早班车。(表目的)
10、,He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.,He got up early so that he caught the early bus.,他起早，结果赶上了早班车。（表结果）,He got up so early that he caught the early bus.,sothat,so that：为了； 所以，结果,如此以致,考点四,because, as, since, now that, for 因为,He is absent because he is ill.Why is he absent? Because
11、he is ill. As you are the oldest, you should take care of the others.Now that everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.The day breaks, for the birds are singing.,because 原因程度最强，回答why的提问，不与so 连用,as比 becase 弱，显而易见的原因。从句常放在句首。,now that 与since相似，译为“既然”，从句常放在句首,强调人们已知的事实。,for 前常有逗号，不能放在句首。对前边的句子的进一步说明，是
12、间接推测的原因。,考点五,whether, if 是否,If it is fine, the sports meeting will continue.(条件状语从句中只能用if ，不能用whether）,You have to pay for it whether you like it or not.,It depends on whether you like it.,Whether he will come is still a question.The question is whether he will be allowed to go.,只能用whether的情况：,Funny
13、 Husband (H) & Wife (W) about Shopping,情境对话 ：,H：“What are we going to do, my dear？” W: “Go shopping.”H：“We can do nothing _shopping.”W：“In fact, _ you _ I like shopping.”H: “Why must you do the things _ you dont like?” W: “_ my skirts are out of style, _ I want to buy a new one.”W:（In the clothing s
14、hop.）I dont know_ they fit(适合) me. ”H: “I dont know _ you really like. Just go inside and try them on.”H：（对seller笑笑） “Can you talk to me for a few minutes？” S：Why?H：Because _ my wife sees (that) I am talking to other ladies, she will be angry at once and leave.S： “Then why do you let her go?”H： “I want to leave _ I wont pay for them.” (Hahao),根据对话内容，填入适当连词。,except/but,neither nor,that,Because,或 so,if,what/ which,if/when/ as soon as,and/ so that,Homework ：,Go over the usage of conjunctions.2. Finish the related exercises.,
