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1、Composition Writing,Analysis of Model Composition,The Importance of Education The prosperity of a nation depends on the development of education. Any development in science and technology throughout the world is due to the development of education which brings up scientists and inventors. It is diff
2、icult to emphasize just how important the role of education is. There is no doubt that countries with undeveloped education will remain poor.Education is also vital to the development of an individual. Of all elements of success in our careers none is more important than education. It is not genius
3、but the knowledge that makes the difference between success and failure. In fact most of the famous people of our times spent many years studying. Can you name any great men you admire who are not well educated ?Some people, however, are still ignorant of the importance of education. Some parents, e
4、specially those in the countryside, think it unnecessary to send their children to school. Some parents have their children work for money at a very young age. In view of this, compulsory education must be enforced to see to it that every young people will be have the chance to receive adequate educ
5、ation.,Framework of the Structure of the Above Essay,1. IntroductionTS: The prosperity of a nation depends on the development of education. DS: Any development in science and technology throughout the world is due to the development of education which brings up (养育;培养 ) scientists and inventors. It
6、is difficult to emphasize just how important the role of education is. There is no doubt that countries with undeveloped education will remain poor.,Framework of the Structure of the Above Essay,2. BodyTS: Education is also vital to the development of an individual. DS: Of all elements of success in
7、 our careers none is more important than education. It is not genius but the knowledge that makes the difference between success and failure. In fact most of the famous people of our times spent many years studying. Can you name any great men you admire who are not well educated ?,Framework of the S
8、tructure of the Above Essay,3. ConclusionTS: Some people, however, are still ignorant of the importance of education. DS: Some parents, especially those in the countryside, think it unnecessary to send their children to school. Some parents have their children work for money at a very young age. In
9、view of this, compulsory education must be enforced to see to it that every young people will be have the chance to receive adequate education.,Developing Paragraphs,I. Concept A paragraph is a group of related sentences developing one central idea, or expressing one unit of thought.II. Fundamental
10、features1. Unity Unity means oneness, the combination of all elements to form a single unit. In a well-organized or unified paragraph there is a central theme, and every sentence contributes to the explanation of this theme. The theme of a paragraph is often summarized in one sentence called the top
11、ic sentence. This usually appears at the beginning, but may also be found in the middle or at the end of a paragraph. Sometimes there is no topic sentence in a paragraph, but it is unified and has a single focus.2. Coherence Coherence refers to connection and organization. A coherent paragraph is on
12、e in which the sentences are arranged in a clear logical order, and the transitions are smooth and natural. As a result, the readers find it easy to follow the writers train of thought and understand what he is talking about.,Developing Paragraphs,3. Transition Coherence is achieved mainly by the lo
13、gical sequence of ideas. Sometimes it is necessary to use proper transitions:parallel constructionsrepetition of words or phrasesthe restatement of an idea in different wordspronouns that refer to noun in proceeding sentences.Transitional words and phrases, like further, finally, nevertheless, simil
14、arly, consequently, on the other hand, etc. may be used to make the connection clear. But these words are not be used too often, for they may make a passage sound unnatural.4. Length How long a paragraph should be depends on its topic and its position in the essay. The topic of a paragraph should be
15、 adequately developed by details, explanations etc, so that the reader may have a clear idea of what the writer intends to say. In other words, a paragraph should give the reader a feeling of completeness. A paragraph that presents one of the main facts or ideas of an essay may be quite long, while
16、one that serves as a beginning, a transition, or a conclusion may be much shorter.,1. For this part, you are to write a composition of about 120-150 words on the following topic. The Importance of Confidence,The Importance of Confidence,Whatever one does, one should do it with confidence. If one had
17、 no confidence, there is little possibility that one would ever achieve anything, especially when one is faced with drawbacks or hardships. This truth seems to be self-evident. However, in reality we do see a lot of people who complain that they lack the ability to do something or that their difficu
18、lties are too great to overcome. For some things, this might be true. But for many other things, this only shows that they have lost heart.,Why do people often feel frustrated even though they are capable of doing something? There are, among others, two main reasons. First, these people do not have
19、a correct evaluation of themselves. Second, they overestimate the difficulties.It is posssible to build up faith in oneself by having the right attitude toward ones own abilities. We should never underestimate our abilities but should believe in the proverb: “Where is a will, there is a way.” Confid
20、ence is the premise for fulfilling a task successfully.,Composing Essays,.Three main parts of a composition 1. the beginning 2. the middle 3. the end,HOw to Write the Beginning of an Essay,文章开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下子引起读者的兴趣。作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种：1开门见山，揭示主题文章一开头就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。下面是题为“H
21、onesty”（谈诚实）一文的开头：Honesty is one of the best virtuesAn honest man is always trusted and respectedOn the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a liar, and is looked down upon by honest people,HOw to Write the Beginning of an Essay,2概括性的开头即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”
22、（读书的快乐）的开头：People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.3交待写作目的的开头在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如文章要表扬谁、批评谁或说明一个什么问题等。如“Pollution Control”（控制污染）的开头：In t
23、his article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.,HOw to Write the Beginning of an Essay,4.定义式开头（第129页）5.引文式开头（第126页）,开头常用句式,Recently， the problem of has aroused peoples concern.最近，问题已引起人们的关注。Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.
24、It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。Nowadays， (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.如今，(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that人们一般认为Many people insist tha
25、t很多人坚持认为With the development of science and technology， more and more people believe that 随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为A lot of people seem to think that很多人似乎认为,常用句式,结尾Taking all these factors into consideration， we naturally come to the conclusion that把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论Taking into account all these factors，
26、we may reasonably come to the conclusion that 考虑所有这些因素， 我们可能会得出合理的结论Hence/Therefore， wed better come to the conclusion that因此，我们最好得出这样的结论There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。All in all， we cannot live without But at the same time we must try to find
27、 out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.,HOw to Write the Closing of an Essay,1重复中心思想。回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。(例1)A sense of humor is really one of the keys to happiness. It gives zest to life to make it worth living.(例2)With all these benefits, it is no wonder that sports a
28、nd games have now become more popular with people than ever.,2作出结论。文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。(例1)In conclusion, a good teacher-student relationship can be mutual beneficial. The students gain knowledge eagerly and enjoyably, and the teacher gains satisfaction from his job.(例2)On the whole t
29、here are more advantages than disadvantages in the use of TV. Yet different people may have different attitude toward TV. But we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad. Its value to people and society depends on how we look at it.,3应用引语: 用格言、谚语或习语总结全文，既言简意赅又有更强的说服力。(例1)If you
30、 have anything to do, try to do it yourself, for that is the safest way topermanent success. Remember the famous saying. God helps those who help themselves.(例2)If we stick to studies day after day, there is nothing that cant be achieved. As an old saying goes: Constant dropping of water wears away
31、a stone.,4用反问结尾: 虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，具有明显的强调作用，引起读者思考。(例1)Therefore, listening skills must be consciously improved. Since it is such an important means of learning and communication, why should we not develop this ability as far as possible?(例2)So，what can we benefit from wealth if we do not have healt
32、h?5提出展望或期望: 表示对将来的展望或期待读者投入行动。(例1)I am sure that Chinese will become one of the most important languages in the world in the next century. As China will open further to the outside world the language is sure to be spread world widely.(例2) If everyone has developed good manners, people will form a mo
33、re harmonious relation. If everyone behaves considerately towards others and social ethics people will live in a better world. With the general mood of society improved, there will be a progress of civilization.,The importance of having a good CV,2. Composition Writing Direction: For this part, you
34、are to write a composition of about 80 words on the following topic.,Well, in my opinion, you can never under-estimate the importance of having a good CV.In the majority of cases, your CV is the employers first impression of you, your first chance to impress your potential employer, lets say. It is
35、the essential illustration of your suitability for the job, showing how your skills and experience match your employers requirements. But more than that, it shows your ability to summarize, prioritize (按重要性排列) and present information effectively, essential skills in todays job market. It also shows
36、your linguistic and communicative abilities.Even though employers use a variety of selection techniques these days, such as analyzing your handwriting, a good CV is still the single most important part of any application.,The importance of ethics (道德规范 ) in todays business world,3. Composition Writi
37、ng Direction: For this part, you are to write a composition of about 90 words on the following topic.,Well, todays globalization is allowing companies to source from ever greater distances. This enables a company to exploit the economic advantages of low labor costs in one country and high market va
38、lue in another.Of course, they have to be careful not to be seen to be exploiting the workers. Consumers are becoming ever more sensitive to the exploitation stories and indeed environmental issues. This is because as consumers become richer and become used to spending more on a,roduct, they also fe
39、el that they should be spending ethically. This is backed up by media stories and press items, and exploitation stories receive very good press. And of course, they can cause great damage. The bigger the brand, the higher the risk of a PR disaster.Also companies are now having to worry about PR amon
40、g their own employees. After all, recent stories about fat cat (阔佬，大亨) executive salaries can easily affect morale (士气) and thus workers productivity.,4. Sample CompositionThe Importance of Awards,A prize or award, whether it is the Nobel Prize, the Academy Award, or Best Handwriting Prize, is impor
41、tant. Such prizes can have economic, personal, and social effects that enrich the life of the recipient. Firstly, prizes like the Nobel Prize can be a cash award. But even for prizes that dont give money like the Academy Award can be profitable. An actress who wins Best Actress will be offered more
42、roles and a higher pay than actresses who dont win the award. Even for the elementary student who received the schools Best Handwriting award may get a congratulations gift. Secondly, the personal benefits of receiving any award are evident. Any award winner is pleased that he or she has been recogn
43、ized for his or her work. When people receive the Academy Award, they often cry they are so happy. Finally, everyone likes to be with a winner. A person who gets a prize often has many new, best friends. A winners social life is much better than a losers social life. Awards serve a very useful purpo
44、se in that their economic, personal, and social benefits add to the recognition that it is more good than bad.,4. Sample CompositionThe Importance of Physical Exercise,Everyone hopes to live happily in the world. Physical exercise is indispensable to a happy life. There is a famous saying: Life lies
45、 on exercise. Although you will not necessarily die without regular physical exercises, they II certainly help you live longer and more healthily. Exercise is good for us to build our bodies. It helps co - ordinate the different parts of our bodies when we have sports. For example, we must try our b
46、est to co - ordinate the movements of the arms and legs when we play basketball, or we wont be able to shoot the basket. Exercise also benefits our organs. It lets the heart beat faster than usual, and then helps enlarge the blood vessels to protect us from heart attacks. Exercise can also contribut
47、e to the development of our ability to response agilely. For instance, when you play table- tennis, you must try to reflect as quickly as you can so that you may fight back at the right position at the fight moment.,Exercise can also contribute to improving our mood. When you do exercise, you move a
48、 lot, and you have to be more active. It helps you become more optimistic. Exercise will fill your life with various contents and make it more colorful. Whats more, exercise will help you get rid of your inertia. If you keep doing exercise regularly, you will never be a lazy person. Therefore, exerc
49、ise has great effect on ones character. In a word, exercise is helpful, important and absolutely necessary.,Literature is acknowledged as the most precious product of human civilization and wisdom, especially by our teachers. So they always ask their students to read as many literary works as possib
50、le.,4. Sample CompositionThe Importance of Reading Literature,It is of great significance for us to appreciate literature due to the following reasons. Firstly, a good literature can get you to know a life experience through the eyes of someone other than yourself. The more experience you gain, the
